道岔转辙设备机械故障处理铁路信号基础设备维护课件

道岔转辙设备机械故障处理天津铁道职业技术学院铁路信号基础设备维护

高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电气故障高速铁路道岔转辙设备的机械故障分为外锁闭装置故障和转辙机故障。机械故障包括：机械设备的材质变化、固定螺丝松动，如道岔机械卡阻、道岔不解锁、不落锁、表示杆缺口变化、工电结合部捣固不良、杆件不方等。外锁闭装置故障主要表现为道岔转辙机空转和转辙机卡缺口等。转辙机故障常见有转辙机不动作、转换力不足或转换卡阻、转辙机动作到位但不能接通道岔表示等。（一）转辙机空转故障转辙机空转的原因：道岔不解锁、道岔不锁闭和中途卡阻。主要从以下几个方面分析处理。1.锁闭框与锁闭杆侧面磨卡，产生阻力。处理方法：可将锁闭框左右调整，保证锁闭杆在锁闭框中间。2.锁钩的锁闭面与锁闭铁的锁闭面点接触产生阻力。处理方法：锁钩偏磨磨痕说明锁闭框安装不正，可将其固定螺栓松动后在密贴位置紧固螺栓，也可在锁闭框与基本轨底侧垫平或打磨基本轨上不规则位置。3.转辙机与动作杆、外锁装置不方正，造成转辙机拉力不能最大限度有效输出。处理方法：（1）站在转辙机尾端或外锁闭杆尾端，观察转辙机与动作杆、外锁装置是否在同一直线上。（2）用水平尺检查转辙机是否安装水平。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipmentThemechanicalfailureofhigh-speedrailroadturnoutruttingequipmentisdividedintoexternallockingdevicefailureandswitchmachinefailure.Mechanicalfailureincludes:changeofmaterialofmechanicalequipment,looseningoffixingscrews,suchasturnoutmechanicaljamming,turnoutnotunlocking,notfallinglock,indicatingthechangeofrodgap,poormashingofindustrialandelectricalcombination,rodnotsquare,etc.Externallockingdevicefailureismainlymanifestedasturnoutswitchmachineidleandswitchmachinecardgap,etc.Theswitchmachinefaultscommonlyincludetheswitchmachinedoesnotoperate,theconversionforceisinsufficientortheconversionisstuck,theswitchmachinemovesinplacebutcannotconnecttotheturnout,etc.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment1.TheswitchmachineisidlingThecausesofswitchmachineidlingareturnoutnon-unlocking,turnoutnon-lockingandmidwayjamming.Mainlyfromthefollowingaspectsofanalysisandprocessing.1.Thelockingframeandthesideofthelockingrodarewornandstuck,resultinginresistance.Treatment:Thelockingframecanbeadjustedleftandrighttoensurethatthelockingrodinthemiddleofthelockingframe.2.Thelockingsurfaceofthelockinghookandthelockingsurfaceofthelockingironpointcontactgeneratesresistance.Treatment:Thelockinghookbiasgrindingmarksindicatethatthelockingframeisnotinstalledcorrectly,sotheboltscanbeloosenedandtightenedinthecloseposition,orthelockingframecanbepaddedwiththebottomsideofthestockrailortheirregularpositiononthestockrailcanbepolished.3.Theswitchmachineisnotsquarewiththeactionrodandexternallockingdevice,whichcausestheswitchmachinepullingforcecannotbeoutputeffectivelytothemaximum.Treatment:(1)Standattheendoftheswitchmachineortheendoftheexternallockingleverandobservewhethertheswitchmachine,theactionleverandtheexternallockingdeviceareinthesamestraightlineasatrinity.(2)Checkwhethertheswitchmachineisinstalledhorizontallywithalevel.

高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电气故障4.多机牵引不同步产生蛇形运动，造成附加阻力。处理方法：调整锁闭量大小同边，且大小偏差不大于2mm。5.尖轨辊轮作用力不一致，防跳辊轮过紧，产生附加阻力。处理方法：（1）调整尖轨在滚轮上作用距离。（2）调整尖轨滚轮的高度，保证操纵尖轨时尖轨能正常转动。（二）转辙机卡缺口故障1.缺口调整不当：（1）检查密贴位置检查表示杆方正，平行于外锁闭杆。（2）检查表示杆销子是否旷动超标。（3）检查表示杆叉头铁处能否在鼓形销上来回移动不别卡。2.转辙机内标尺未进行校正：部分转辙机由于标尺偏差，缺口调整出现偏差，导致出现卡缺口故障。必须对标尺校正。校正方法；在锁闭位置，甩开内外表示杆连接铁后，抽动内表示杆来回移动，缺口检查标尺正好完全包含在内表示杆上缺口内。内外检查标尺均可使用。3.温度变化导致卡缺口。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment4.Multi-machinetractionisnotsynchronizedtoproduceserpentinemotion,causingadditionalresistance.Treatment:adjustthelockingvolumesizewiththeside,andthesizedeviationisnotmorethan2mm.5.Pointrailrollerforceisnotconsistent,anti-jumprollerwheelistootight,resultinginadditionalresistance.(1)Adjustthetonguerailintheroleofrollerdistance.(2)Adjusttheheightofthetonguerailrollertoensurethatthetonguerailcanturnnormallywhenmanipulatingthetonguerail.2.Switchmachinecardgapfault1.Improperadjustmentofthegap:(1)Checkthesealingtoseeiftheleverissquareandparalleltotheouterlockinglever.(2)Checkwhethertheindicatorrodpinisoutofrange(3)Checkwhethertherodforkheadironatthedrumpincanmovebackandforthwithoutjamming.2.Thescaleinsidetheswitchmachineisnotcorrected:someoftheswitchmachineshavedeviationsingapadjustmentduetodeviationsinthescale,resultinginstuckgapfailure.Thescalemustbecorrected.Correctionmethod:Inthelockedposition,aftershakingofftheconnectingironoftheinnerandouterindicationrod,movetheinnerindicationrodbackandforthbypumpingit,andthenotchinspectionscaleisexactlyincludedinthenotchontheinnerindicationrod.Bothinsideandoutsideinspectionscalecanbeused.3.Temperaturechangesleadtogapjamming.

高速铁路道岔转辙设