概要写作-上海高考英语一模试题分类汇编（解析版）

专题08柢要写作

(一)

(2024年杨浦区区一模)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomore

than60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

IgnoringYourBiggestRegrets

Regrets,peopleoftenfeel,aretobeavoided.Mistakesmaybeunavoidable,buttheyshouldbekepttoa

minimum.Andwhentheydooccur,thebestcourseofactionistoignorethemasinevitablestepsonourjourney.

Thatseemslogical,atleastuntilyouconsiderthatoneofthecriteriaformentalillnessisaninabilitytofeelregret.

AsauthorKathrynSchulzargues,6<Ifyouwanttobefullyfunctional,andfullyhuman,andfullyhumane,Ithink

youneedtolearntolivenotwithoutregret,butwithit."Counterintuitively,sheandotherexpertsarguefeeling

regretisessentialforlivingyourbestlife.Nooneissaying,ofcourse,thatgettingtrappedinyourpastmistakesis

agoodidea.Butneitherisa“noregretsandneverlookback“mentality.

Regretforcesustoengageinareflectiveanalysistounderstandwhywethoughtoractedthewaywedidand

makesustrythingsdifferentlyinthefuture.Ifyoukeeptellingyourself“noregrets,thenlearningisn'tgoingto

happen.Besides,hidingfromregretdoesn'tmakeithurtless.Actiondoes.Action,recentresearchshows,isthe

bestwaytomakeregrethurtless.Soifyou'retroubledbyyourfailuretotravelwhenyouwereyoung,science

suggestsyouconsciouslyplananadventuroustripnowthatyou'reolderandwiser.Upsetaboutabrokenfriendship?

Acttotrytorepairit.

Acknowledgingourmistakes,ratherthanignoringthem,remindsusthatwearevaluableandworthydespite

ourfaults.Thatsortofacceptanceisthebasisbothofrealself-confidenceandoftruekindness.AsSchulzsumsup

inhertalk:"Regretdoesn'tremindusthatwedidbadly.Itremindsusweknowwecandobetter.^^

【答案】

Reference:01

Contrarytopopularbeliefthatregretsshouldbeignored,AuthorSchulzpointsoutthatfeelingregretiscrucial

forahappylife.Regretmakesusreflectuponpastaction,makinglearningpossible.Besides,actionratherthan

hidingfromregretsmakesusfeellesspain(ful).Tosumup,regretisaremindertellingusthatwecanbebetter.

[57]

Reference:02

Thearticlearguesthatregret,althoughoftenavoided,isanessentialpartoflivingafulfillinglife.Ignoring

mistakesandregretspreventslearning,growth,andself-improvement,whereasacknowledgingandreflectingon

pastregretscanleadtopersonaldevelopment.Insteadofavoidingregret,itissuggestedthatindividualsshould

takeactiontoremedytheirpastmistakesandworktowardsabetterfuture.Ultimately,regretisareminderofour

potentialforimprovementandself-growth.

原文文本结构：

原文结构分为引言、作者观点阐述和观点论证三部分。在引言部分，文章提到人们通常认为避免后悔是理

想的，但作者提出反驳。接着作者阐述了自己的观点，认为后悔是人类生活中不可或缺的部分，是促进个

人成长和改善的动力。最后，作者通过论证和举例，说明了接纳并反思过去的错误和后悔之情对于个人发

展的重要性。

概要写作框架：

1.引言：介绍人们通常对待后悔的态度

2.主体：阐述作者观点，认为后悔对于个人成长至关重要

3.论证：举例说明后悔可以促进个人成长，呼吁人们应主动面对并解决后悔

4.结论：总结后悔对于促进个人成长的积极作用

(-)

(2024年黄浦区一模)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomore

than60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Whycompaniesarehiring'promptengineers9?

WiththenewgenerativeAItools,likeChatGPT,anyonecanputinaprompt-typeinafewwordsandgeta

result.Butthatdoesn'tmeanthattheresultswillberelevantoraccurate.

Thekeyisputtingintherightprompt.Thafswhysomebusinessesarenowhiringpromptengineers-people

withtheskills,backgroundandpracticetotalktoso-calledlarge-languageAIsystemseffectively-andwhymany

peopleexpectpromptengineeringtobeadesirableskillformanykindsofworkerstoaddtotheirresumes.

Ingeneral,themoredetailedtherequest,theclosertheresponsewillcometowhattheuserislookingfor.But

themosteffectivepromptengineeringgoesbeyondaddingdetail.

Foronething,addingtherightdetailtogetthebestresponseiscrucial.Also,therearemanywaystoguide

howanAIsystempresentstheinformationitfinds,dependingonthegoal-tellingittowriteinacertainstyleor

foracertainaudience,forinstance.Eachtoolalsohasparticularcapabilitiesandlimitationsthatuserscanlearnto

tackle.AndthebestresultsoftencomefromanextendedconversationwiththeAI,reactingtowhatitproducesand

askingforrefinements.

Evenforpeopleapplyingtojobsthatdon'tclearlymentionpromptengineering,havingthisskillcould

becomeessentialforallsortsofroles.ArtdirectorscouldusegenerativeAItooutlineideas,andmarketerscould

useittodevelopnewslogans.Softwareengineerscoulduseittofindproblemswiththeircode.Lawyerscoulduse

ittoresearchapieceoflaw.Thisisgoingtobeafoundationalskillthatallofusneedtoknow.Thethroughlineis

whenyoulearnanewskill,youcantakeitinanydirectionyoulike.

71.

【参考答案01】

ArightpromptcanensureasatisfyingresultfromgenerativeAItools,socompaniesarehiringprompt

engineers.Besidesdetails,ifsimportanttotellthesystemhowtopresenttheinformationaccordingtoyourgoal,to

handlethesystem'scapabilitiesandlimitationsandimprovetheresultthroughcommunication.Promptengineering

isanessentialskillacrossmultipleindustries.(57words)

【参考答案02]

Companiesarehiringpromptengineerswhohavetheskillsandpracticetoeffectivelycommunicatewith

large-languageAIsystems.Promptengineeringinvolvesprovidingdetailedandprecisepromptstogenerate

relevantandaccurateresponses.Thisskillisbecomingdesirableforvariousjobroles,asitcanbeappliedinfields

suchasartdirection,marketing,softwareengineering,andlawresearch.（58words）

原文文本结构：

Introduction:谈论新的生成AI工具，指出输入正确的提示是关键。

HiringPromptEngineers:解释一些公司正在雇佣promptengineers,并解释他们的作用。

EffectivePromptEngineering:讨论有效的提示工程如何超越添加细节。

ApplicationsofPromptEngineering:概述了promptengineering技能在不同领域中的应用。

Conclusion:总结了promptengineering技能的重要性以及学习新技能的好处。

概要写作框架：

引言：简述新的生成AI工具和如何使用它们。

“Promptengineering”是什么：定义promptengineering并解释其重要性。

有效的提示工程：讨论如何编写适当的提示，以获得准确的响应，包括指导AI系统呈现信息的方式和通过

与系统进行交互来优化输出。

应用：列举promptengineering技能在不同领域中的应用。

结论：总结promptengineering技能的价值，以及学习新技能的益处。

（三）

（2024年长宁区一模）

71.Theproblemofrobocallshasbecomesobadthatwerefusetopickupcallsfromnumberswedon'tknow.

Nearlyhalfofthecallswereceivearescams（欺诈）.We'verealizedtheseverityoftheproblembysupportingand

developingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.

Unfortunately,it'stoolittle.Bythetimethese“solutions“becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemoved

ontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,ifsnotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbein

doubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingisactuallyreal.

Thafsbecausetherearemanypowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)technologiestobeavailable.Acompany

showedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproduceaconvincinghuman-soundingvoiceabletospeaktoareceptionist

andbookareservationwithoutdetection.

Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthat

robocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatadisclosureofpersonal

informationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'sname,andfarmore.Armedwith

thisknowledge,they'reabletocheatthetargetedpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyou

fromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouwithavoicesoundingexactlylikeyourbankteller's,

misleadingyouto"confirm“youraddressandcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbethe

worsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.

Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.

Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtowork

togethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniform

waytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadebyorabandoningphonecallsaltogether

andmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications-usingappslikeWeChatandAlipay,whichcanbetiedtoyour

identity.

例文1:

Robocallproblemsbecomemoreseverewiththedevelopmentofvoicemanipulationtechnologies.Thedisclosure

ofpersonalinformationenablesscammerstocheatindividualsandbusinesseseasily,andmanypeoplehave

becomevictims.Thus,toavoidbeingcheated,moresecuretelecomnetworksareneededtopreventscammers.Stop

usingphonesandusedata-basedcommunicationstiedtoidentityinstead.(56words)

例文2：

Robocalls,withalmosthalfbeingscams,poseaseriousproblem.Despiteeffortstopreventscammersfromgetting

through,newvoicemanipulationtechnologiesaremakingtheissueworse.Scammers'precisioninusingpersonal

informationforcheatingisaconcern.Telecomnetworksneedtoestablishwaystoverifyauthenticity,possibly

throughmarkingvideosandimagesorshiftingtodata-basedcommunications.

原文的结构可以分为以下几个部分：

引言部分：介绍了骚扰电话(robocalls)成为严重问题的现状，以及当前工具和方法对抗骚扰电话的不足。

声音操纵技术的出现：讨论了强大的声音操纵技术的出现，并给出了一个例子，展示了这种技术可以通过

模仿真实声音来欺骗人们。

骚扰电话问题的加剧：解释了骚扰电话之所以成为头疼问题与其说是数量，不如说是精确性有关。通过大

量泄露个人信息，骗子能够轻易获得个人信息，进而诈骗目标人员。

影响与应对措施：指出声音操纵技术可能会进一步恶化骚扰电话问题，并提出需要解决电信网络的不安全

性。建议电信运营商和用户共同努力，采用标记视频和图像的统一方式，或者转向基于数据的通信。

概要写作思路：

该文章旨在探讨骚扰电话问题的严重性以及新兴声音操纵技术的出现可能让问题更加严重。文章提到骚扰

电话问题的核心是精确性，骗子能够利用大量泄露的个人信息欺骗人们。为应对这一问题，建议电信网络

采用标记视频和图像的统一方式，或者转向基于数据的通信。概括而言，文章呼吁加强对电信网络的安全

性以解决骚扰电话问题。

（四）

（2024年徐汇区一模）

Therearemanyreasonswhysomecatsarebad-tempered;theirtemperamentcanbeinfluencedbytheir

upbringingortheyaresimplybornthatway.However,eventhesweetest,mostaffectionatecatscansuddenly

becomebad-temperedandbehaveoutofcharacter.AccordingtoveterinarianDrKatrinaWarren,theproblemcan

generallybesolved,butyou'llneedtolookforunderlyingissues.

Changesinacat'sbehaviourcanoftenbeexplainedbyahealthproblem.Paincancausecatstobehavevery

differently,andit'seasytomistakeaproblemasbehavioural,wheninfactitismedical.Shouldyouobservea

significantchangeinyourcat'sbehaviour,thenavisittothevetisthebestplacetostart?Watchoutfbrchangesin

eating,drinkingorlitter-boxhabits.Alsohidingandavoidingbeingtouched.Besuretoreportallchangestoyour

vet.Therearemanycathealthproblemsthatcanbereadilytreatedtoeasesymptomsandpainforyourcat.

Itpaystorememberthatcatsdon'tliketoshareorqueue.Sharingof"resources9suchaslittertraysand

foodbowlscancausestressandanxietyformanycats.Ifsalwaysagoodideatoprovideeachcatwiththeirown

litterbox,food,waterbowlsandbedasaminimum.Onelitterboxforeachcatplusaspareisevenbetter,asare

multiplesleepingspotsandextrascratchingposts.Alackofspacetohidefromoravoidothercats,competitionfor

territoryandlackofindividualattentioncanalsoaddtohouseholdfriction.Ifyourcatisfeelinganxious,offeringit

anelevatedplacetosit,suchasaclimbingtree,canbehelpful.

Movingtoanewhouse,thearrivalofanewbaby,newpetsandothertypesofchangecanseriouslyimpactcat

behaviour.Catsarecreaturesofhabitandtendtobeterritorial,soachangeinroutinemaycausethemtoreactina

numberofways,includingwithdrawaloraggression.Trytokeepyourcafsenvironmentascalmaspossibleand

makesurethereareplaceswheretheyfeelsafe.Sometimesconfiningthemtoasingleroomwithalitterbox,

beddingandhomecomfortscanhelpthemtosettle.

Somecatssimplydonotlikebeingtouchedandhandled.Theseareoftencatsthatreceivedlimited

socialisationwithhumanswhentheywerekittens.Thesecatsdobestinaquiethouseholdwithoutchildrenand

needunderstandingandpatiencetohelpbuildtheirconfidence.

参考答案1：

Cats9temperamentislinkedtotheirupbringingorinnatetraits.Healthissuesmayalsoaffectbehavior,requiringvet

attention.Stressfromsharingresourceslikelittertraysishighlighted,suggestingindividualessentials.

Environmentalchanges,likemovingorhavingnewcomers,canimpactcats,urgingacalmenvironment.Catsnot

likingtouchmightstemfromlimitedsocialization,needingpatienceinquiethomes.

参考答案2：

Cats*temperamentscanchangeduetohealth,lackofspaceorresources,environment,andsocialization.Avetvisit

isnecessaryforsignificantbehaviorchanges.Providingindividualresources,suchaslitterboxes,foodbowls,and

beds,alongwithscratchingpostsandperches,canreducestress.Patienceandunderstandingareessentialforcats

uncomfortablewithtouch.

【导语】这篇文章主要讨论了一些猫咪脾气不好的原因，包括养育方式和天生个性等。然而，即使是最温

柔、最亲人的猫咪也可能突然变得脾气暴躁，行为变得异常。文章指出，这个问题通常可以解决，但需要

寻找潜在问题。猫咪行为的改变通常可以通过健康问题来解释，疼痛可能导致猫咪表现出截然不同的行为，

很容易把问题误认为是行为问题，而实际上是医疗问题。如果观察到猫咪行为的显著变化，最好先去看兽

医。止匕外，文章还提到了其他导致猫咪脾气不好的原因，如资源共享、环境变化和社交不足。为每只猫咪

提供独立的砂盆、饮食碗、床以及额外的抓板和高处可以减少竞争和压力。对于那些不喜欢被摸和处理的

猫咪，需要给予理解和耐心，帮助建立它们的自信心。

写作框架可以按照以下结构展开：

第一段：引言

简要介绍文章主题：猫咪脾气不好的原因

提及养育方式和天生个性对猫咪脾气的影响

第二段：健康问题导致行为改变

解释疼痛对猫咪行为的影响

强调需要将行为问题与潜在的医疗问题区分开来

建议如有明显变化，及时就医

第三段：资源共享和环境变化导致脾气不好

提及资源共享引发的竞争和压力

强调提供每只猫咪独立的物品，如砂盆、饮食碗和床

引用提供额外的抓板和高处来减少焦虑感

第四段：社交不足和个别猫咪性格

提及社交不足对猫咪脾气的影响

介绍个别猫咪不喜欢被摸和处理的情况

强调给予理解和耐心，帮助建立自信心

第五段：总结

总结主要观点：猫咪脾气不好的原因及解决方法

强调重要性：及时寻求兽医帮助、提供个体化资源和环境、理解和耐心对待

注意，以上仅为一个写作框架，具体内容可以按照自己的写作风格和表达方式进行展开和调整。

（五）

（2024年闵行区一模）

EmotionalPreparedness:ManagingLife'sChallenges

Expectingtheworsttoavoidfeelingbadlaterisknownas“bracing”.Itmayhelppeoplepreparefor

emotionallychallengingsituations,particularlyinthemomentsbeforethesesituationsoccur.Peoplebraceforthe

worstwhilewaitingforpotentiallynegativeoutcomes.Someonemightalsobracefortheworstinanticipationof

stressfuleventslikegivingapresentationatwork.

Somepsychologicaltheoriessuggestthatbracingshouldhelp.Forexample,'"decisionaffecttheory^^proposes

thathowwefeelaboutasituationisdeterminedpartlybycomparingwhatactuallyhappenedwithwhatcouldhave

happened.Basedonthis,peopleshouldbehappywhenaneventgoesbeyondtheirexpectations,anddisappointed

whenaneventfallsbehind.Therefore,byanticipatingtheworst,onecansafeguardthemselvesagainstfuture

disappointment,becauseanyresultwilllikelysurpass(优于)expectations.

However,otherpsychologicaltheorieschallengetheideathatbracingwillbehelpful.Ithasbeentheorized

andscientificallyestablished-thatexpectationscanpowerfullyinfluencereality.Therearetwokeywaysthat

expectationscanshapereality.First,peoplemaybehaveinwaysthatfitwiththeirexpectations.Ifyouexpecttofail

anupcomingtestorinterview,thenyoumightnotinvesteffortsinpreparation,whichinturnreducesyourchances

ofdoingwell.Second,peoplemayinterpretasituationinlinewiththeirexpectations.Imagineyoubelieveyouare

insufficientlyqualifiedforajobyou'veappliedfor.Duringthejobinterview,you'relikelytointerpretblank

expressionsfromtheinterviewerinlinewiththisbelief,whichcouldnegativelyaffectyourperformance.Infact,

theinterviewerdidnotwanttogiveanythingaway.

Drawingtogetherthescientificstudies,itseemsthatexpectingtheworstisnotawisewaytopreparefor

upcomingnewsorresults.

(Forreferenceonly)

Onepossibleversion01:

“Bracing“involvesanticipatingtheworsttoprepareforemotionalchallenges.Psychologicaltheories,suchas

decisionaffecttheory,proposeitsbenefitsinmanagingexpectations.However,othertheoriescautionthat

expectationscannegativelyshapereality,influencingbehaviorandinterpretation.Scientificstudiessuggestholding

positiveexpectationsmaybewiserthanalwaysbracingfortheworst.

Onepossibleversion02:

Theconceptof"bracing1*involvesanticipatingnegativeoutcomestoemotionallyprepareforchallengingsituations.

Whilesomepsychologicaltheoriesarguethatbracingcanhelpbysurpassingexpectationsandavoiding

disappointment,otherssuggestthatexpectationscanshaperealityindetrimentalways.Scientificstudiesindicate

thatexpectingtheworstisnotaneffectivestrategyforpreparingforupcomingnewsorresults.Instead,holding

positiveexpectationsmaybeawiserapproachtomanaginglife'schallenges.

原文文本结构分为三个部分：

引言：介绍了“应对困境”的概念，以及在情感上为挑战性情况做好准备的目的。

心理学理论：讨论了两种相反的心理学理论对于“应对困境”的有效性的观点。第一种理论认为，通过超越期

望，应对困境可以带来好处；而第二种理论则认为，期望可以以消极的方式塑造现实。

结论：总结了科学研究的发现，表明预期最坏的结果并不是一种有效的策略来准备即将到来的消息或结果。

Theoriginaltextisstructuredinthreeparts:

Introduction:Introducestheconceptof"bracing"anditspurposeinemotionallypreparingforchallenging

situations.

PsychologicalTheories:Discussestwocontrastingpsychologicaltheoriesontheeffectivenessofbracing.Thefirst

theorysuggeststhatbracingcanbebeneficialbysurpassingexpectations,whilethesecondtheoryarguesthat

expectationscanshaperealityinnegativeways.

Conclusion:Summarizesthefindingsofscientificstudies,whichindicatethatexpectingtheworstisnotan

effectivestrategyforpreparingforupcomingnewsorresults.

概要写作框架：

引言：

定义“应对困境”为预期最坏的结果，以准备情感上的挑战性情况。

提及其在为负面结果做准备方面的潜在好处。

心理学理论：

解释支持“应对困境”的第一种理论（决策影响理论），该理论认为通过管理期望和避免失望来帮助人们应对

困境。

提出挑战“应对困境”有效性的第二种理论，强调期望可能以消极的方式塑造行为和解释。

结论：

总结科学研究发现，预期最坏的结果不是应对即将到来的消息或结果的明智策略。

提议保持积极期望可能是更好的管理生活挑战的策略。

SummaryWritingFramework:

Introduction:

Define“bracing“asanticipatingtheworsttoprepareforemotionallychallengingsituations.

Mentionitspotentialbenefitsinpreparationfornegativeoutcomes.

PsychologicalTheories:

Explainthefirsttheory（decisionaffecttheory）thatsupportsbracingbyproposingthatithelpsinmanaging

expectationsandavoidingdisappointment.

Presentthesecondtheorythatchallengestheeffectivenessofbracing,highlightinghowexpectationscannegatively

shapebehaviorandinterpretation.

Conclusion:

Summarizethescientificstudies*findingsthatexpectingtheworstisnotawiseapproachtoprepareforupcoming

newsorresults.

Suggestthatholdingpositiveexpectationsmaybeabetterstrategytomanagelife*schallenges.

（六）

（2024年虹口区一模）

WillPlant-basedProteinContinuetobeanAppetizerinFoodWorld?

Agoodveganmilkneedstolooklikemilkandtastelikemilk,whetherit'safattyversion,preferredbybakers,or

askimmedone,favoredbythehealth-conscious.Foryears,manufacturersofplant-basedproteinhavehadtrouble

hackingthisdelicateimitationgameanditseemsthattheyarewinningbackabit.Theglobalrevenues（"攵益）from

alternativeproteinscouldreach$290billionby2035andthatisacautiousestimate.However,canitlast?

Unlikethoseearlyproducts,whichwereneitherterriblytastynorparticularlynutritious,cleaver（朵！J肉刀）

processingimprovestextures,additivesboosttasteandapinchofspeciallyengineeredpeasandbeansaddsnutrient

inthelatestproducts.Still,ultra-processedsubstitutesseldommatchanimalproteinsinnutritionalvalue.Animal

products,includingmilk,arebetterforchildren'sbonedevelopment,thoughlab-grownversionsofmeatordairyare

becomingmorenutritious.Meanwhile,green-mindedconsumersarerealizingthatplant-baseddoesnotnecessarily

meansustainableinthatitstilltakesalottoobtainrawmaterials.Farmingalmonds（杏仁）tomakeamilk-likedrink,

forexample,useshugequantitiesofwater.

Plant-basedproteinsarealsoatoughsellingiantmarketslikeIndia,wheredietsarealreadyrichinplantsand

vegetables,orNigera,wheremeat-eatingisasignofwealth.Thatlimitstheirglobalappeal.

Allthesesuggeststhatalternativeproteinshavefartogotoreplacetheanimalkind.Thelimitationsmaybe

weighingonthefirmsinvolved.Oatly'smarketvaluehasfallenbyabout80%sinceitslisting,partlybecauseof

productiondifficulties.ThatofBeyondMeat,whoseburgersfeatureinMcDonald'slatestmenu,is