2025版高考英语一轮复习Unit21HumanBiology能力提升题组训练B含解析北师大版

PAGEPAGE1Unit21HumanBiology实力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024四川德阳高三二诊)TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysthatthediseasepolioisnolongerwidespreadinIndia.In2009,halfoftheworld’scasesofpoliowerethere.Butin2011,therewasonlyonenewcaseofpoliointhecountry.Polioiscausedbyavirus.Itspreadsveryquicklyfromonepersontoanother.Victimsoftenlosetheuseoftheirarmsandlegs.Inthemostseriouscases,poliocankillaperson.Twenty-fiveyearsago,polioaffectedabout200,000childreninIndiaeachyear.TheUnitedNationschildren’sorganization,UNICEF,sentteamsofhealthworkersintolocalvillages.Teammemberstoldfamiliesintheirneighborhoodabouttheimportanceofgivingliquidmedicinetochildrentoprotectthemagainstpolio.Butitwasnoteasyatfirst.Amembersaid,“Theyusedtothinkthatourchildrenwillnotbeabletohavechildrenwhentheygrowupiftheygetthedrops.Theyusedtothinklikethis.Butnowtheydon’t.Nowtheyallowtheirkidstogetthedrops.”Nowthingshavechanged.AsmaKhatunisamotherinthetownofGhaziabadinthenorthernstateofUttarPradesh.Shesaid,“Wheneveranyonecomes,wegetthechildrenvaccinated(接种疫苗).Evenifnobodycametoourhouse,wewouldsendourchildrentoaclinictogetvaccinated.”AlocalMuslimleadersaysthevaccinationcampaignhasbeensuccessfulbecauseitissupportedbyreligiousleaders.Hesaid,“ThepoliovaccinationcampaignhasbeensuccessfulherebecauseourMuslimscholarsarewithus.Withtheirsupport,weareabletomakepeopleunderstandthatgivingchildrenthevaccineisbeneficialandcrucial.”TheIndiangovernmenthasnowlaunchedanewcampaigntovaccinate170millionchildrenundertheageoffive.Thecampaignwilltargetnewbornbabies,migrantsandpeoplelivinginpoor,crowdedareaswherethediseasespreadsmorequickly.1.Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Totelltheworldhowtofightagainstpolio.B.TotellusgoodnewsaboutfightingagainstpolioinIndia.C.Toprovethatwithgoodmethodspoliocanbeprevented.D.ToexplainwhypeopleinIndiaarenolongerafraidofpolio.2.WelearnthatwhenparentsinIndiawerefirstadvisedtogettheirchildrenvaccinated,they.

A.didn’tbelieveitcouldpreventpolio B.becamerelaxedandbelieveditwouldworkC.wereafraiditwoulddoharmtotheirchildren D.wereafraiditwouldmaketheirchildrendie3.WhatisMuslimleaders’attitudetowardsgettingchildrenvaccinatednow?A.Supportive. B.Negative. C.Uncaring. D.Worried.4.Weknowfromthelastparagraphthatthenewcampaign.

A.wasstartedbytheWorldHealthOrganization B.issuccessfulmainlybecauseofMuslimscholarsC.aimsat170millionchildrenundertheageoffive D.mainlytargetspeoplelivinginpoorandcrowdedareas语篇解读:本文是记叙文,主要讲了全世界的人们是如何战胜脊髓灰质炎这种疾病的。答案及剖析:1.A写作意图题。依据第一段中的TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysthatthediseasepolioisnolongerwidespreadinIndia.In2009,halfoftheworld’scasesofpoliowerethere.Butin2011,therewasonlyonenewcaseofpoliointhecountry.可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是告知人们,全世界是如何战胜脊髓灰质炎这种疾病的,故选A。2.C推理推断题。依据第四段中的“Theyusedtothinkthatourchildrenwillnotbeabletohavechildrenwhentheygrowupiftheygetthedrops.Theyusedtothinklikethis.Butnowtheydon’t.Nowtheyallowtheirkidstogetthedrops.”可知,当印度的家长第一次被建议给他们的孩子接种疫苗时,他们担忧疫苗会损害他们的孩子,故选C。3.A细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段可知,现在伊斯兰教的领袖对孩子们接种疫苗持支持看法,故选A。4.C细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的TheIndiangovernmenthasnowlaunchedanewcampaigntovaccinate170millionchildrenundertheageoffive.可知选C。B(2024湖北黄冈高三联考)Aboutacenturyago,theaveragelife-span(寿命)forAmericanswasabout50years.Today,thetypicalAmericanlivesforaroundseventy-eightyears.AccordingtoaGermanagingstudy,themaximumlifespaninindustrializedcountrieshasincreasedbytwoyearseverydecadesincethemid-19thcentury.Whataccountsforsuchincreasedlongevity?Between1900and1950,inventionssuchasrefrigeration(制冷技术)andsewagetreatment(污水处理)meantthatyoungpeoplewereabletosurvivelonger.Moreover,medicalbreakthroughshelpedcontaindiseasessuchaspolio(小儿麻痹症),whichkilledmanychildren.Theseadvanceshelpedincreasetheaveragelifespan.MedicaldiscoveriesafterWorldWarⅡtendedtobenefitolderpeople.Treatmentsforheartdisease,forexample,haveallowedtheelderlytolivelongeronaverage.Sodoesthismeanthatfuturemedicalbreakthroughswillresultinevenlongeraveragelifespans,orhavewereachedourlimit?Scientistsdisagree.Somearguethatifscienceisonedayabletoremovediseaseandold-ageinfirmity,therewillbevirtuallynolimitonhowlonghumanscanlive.Someevenpredictthatbytheyear2150,theaveragelifespanwillhaveincreasedtoaround120years.Otherlife-expectancyresearchersfindthatscenario(假设)highlyunlikely.Ourbodies’cellscankeepreproducingforonlysolongbeforetheypeterout(分裂).Onlywhensciencefindsawaytokeepourcellsdividinglongerwillweseeanothersignificantleapinlifeexpectancy.Still,withplentyofexerciseandahealthydiet,thosewhoholdtheviewcanalwayshopethatthey’lllivelongenoughtobreaktherecordheldbyJeanneLouiseCalmentofFrance,wholivedtobe122.5.Comparedwiththeaveragelife-spanaboutacenturyago,thetypicalAmericanlivesaboutyearslongeratpresent.

A.50 B.78 C.28 D.426.AfterWorldWarⅡ,thelongeraveragelifespansmainlyresultedfrom.

A.refrigerationandsewagetreatment B.medicalbreakthroughsC.keepingthecellsdividinglonger D.reducingpolio7.Whatisthescientists’attitudetowardstheview“wehavereachedourlife-spanlimit”?A.Supportive. B.Objective. C.Optimistic. D.Disapproving.8.Accordingtosomelife-expectancyresearchers,keepingourbodies’cellsreproducingbeforetheypeteroutmaybe.

A.impossible B.possible C.exciting D.concerning语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,通过美国人寿命的延长分析了人类寿命延长的缘由,以及科学家对寿命延长的看法。答案及剖析:5.C推理推断题。依据第一段可知,一个世纪之前,美国人的平均寿命是大约50岁。今日,美国人的平均寿命是大约78岁;故与一个世纪前相比,现在的美国人大约多活28年,选C。6.B细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一句MedicaldiscoveriesafterWorldWarⅡtendedtobenefitolderpeople.可知,二战之后,主要是医学发觉导致人类寿命增长,故选B。7.D细微环节理解题。依据第三段最终一句havewereachedourlimit?Scientistsdisagree.可知,科学家不同意我们已经到达寿命极限的观点,disapproving不赞成的。故选D。8.A推理推断题。依据第五段中的Otherlife-expectancyresearchersfindthatscenario(假设)highlyunlikely.Ourbodies’cellscankeepreproducingforonlysolongbeforetheypeterout(分裂).可知,让我们的体细胞在分裂之前始终复制是特别不行能的,故选A。Ⅱ.语法填空Ifyouconsiderafter-schoolactivitiesasawasteoftime,youarewrong!After-schoolactivitieshelpusgrowup1.manyways.Aboveall,theyofferuschancestopractise2.welearninclass.Throughvarious3.(activity),wecanalsolearnmoreabouttoday’ssocietyandalotofnewthingsthatwecan’tlearnfrom4.(we)books.What’smore,theyhelpdevelopourabilitiesthat5.(need)bothforourstudiesnowandforourworkandlifeinthefuture.

Wearebusywithourstudiesinschool.So,asfarasI’m6.(concern),afterschoolweallneedtorelax.After-schoolactivitiesjustmakeitpossibleforus7.(breathe)freshairandremove8.(tired).Then,wecanpayattentiontoourstudiesandachievegoodresults.

Someafter-schoolactivitieswillmakeususefulandhelpfultoothers;somecankeepusstrongand9.(health);somemayevenchangeourlife.So,allthestudents,getoutandtake10.activepartinvariousafter-schoolactivities.

答案及剖析:1.in考查介词。表示“以某种方式”用in...way。2.what考查宾语从句。动词practise后为一宾语从句,从句中缺少learn的宾语,故填what。3.activities考查名词复数。形容词various修饰可数名词的复数形式。4.our考查代词。修饰名词books用形容词性物主代词。5.areneeded考查时态和语态。关系代词that代替ourabilities,与动词need之间存在被动关系,依据主句中的谓语动词help可知,此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填areneeded。6.concerned考查非谓语动词。asfarasI’mconcerned为固定短语,意为“在我看来”。7.tobreathe考查非谓语动词。it为形式宾语,真正宾语是动词不定式tobreathefreshairandremove8.(tired)。

8.tiredness考查名词。分析句子结构可知,此处作宾语,故用提示词的名词形式。故填tiredness。9.healthy考查形容词。与and之前的形容词strong并行。10.an考查冠词。takeanactivepartinsth.意为“主动参与某事”。Ⅲ.书面表达(2024吉林长春高三二模)假设你是李华,你班同学在今日的英语课上就“中学生是否应当在学校运用智能手机”进行了课堂探讨,同学们的观点不一。请你依据下表内容,为本次课堂探讨结果撰写一篇英文报道稿,内容包括:1.探讨的话题;2.支持理由:联系父母便利;上网便捷,有益学习;3.反对理由:影响学习;