2024年河北省中等职业对口升学中职英语真题（解析版）

2024年河北省中职对口升学英语真题答案第一部分英语知识运用第一节语音知识：从A、B、C、D四个选项中找出其划线部分与其他单词划线部分读音不相同的选项。（共5分，每小题1分）从A、B、C、D中找出划线部分发音不同的项。1.A.health B.break C.death D.headache2A.suffer B.flu C.current D.Plus3.A.calculation B.formulation C.equation D.location4.A.apply B.athlete C.actor D.action5.A.trouble B.outbreak C.house D.doubt【答案】1.B2.B3.C4.A5.A【解析】【1题详解】考查元音字母组合的发音。A.health/helθ/；B.break/breɪk/；C.death/deθ/；D.headache/ˈhedeɪk/。结合单词音标可知，B项划线部分发音是/eɪ/，其余各项划线部分发音都是/e/。故选B。【2题详解】考查元音字母的发音。A.suffer/ˈsʌfə(r)/；B.flu/fluː/；C.current/ˈkʌrənt/；D.plus/plʌs/。结合单词音标可知，B项划线部分发音是/uː/，其余各项划线部分发音都是/ʌ/。故选B。【3题详解】考查元音字母辅音字母组合的发音。A.calculation/kælkjuˈleɪʃn/；B.formulation/ˌfɔːmjuˈleɪʃn/；C.equation/ɪˈkweɪʒn/；D.location/ləʊˈkeɪʃn/。结合单词音标可知，C项划线部分发音是/ʒ(ə)n/，其余各项划线部分发音都是/ʃn/。故选C。【4题详解】考查元音字母的发音。A.apply/əˈplaɪ/；B.athlete/ˈæθliːt/；C.actor/ˈæktə(r)/；D.action/ˈækʃ(ə)n/。结合单词音标可知，A项划线部分发音是/ə/，其余各项划线部分发音都是/æ/。故选A。【5题详解】考查元音字母组合的发音。A.trouble/ˈtrʌb(ə)l/；B.outbreak/ˈaʊtbreɪk/；C.house/haʊs/；D.doubt/daʊt/。结合单词音标可知，A项划线部分发音是/ʌ/，其余各项划线部分发音都是/aʊ/。故选A。第二节词汇与语法知识:从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处最佳选项。6ManypeopleinAfricaarenowsuffering________hungeranddiseases.A.By B.from C.to D.of【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语和介词辨析。句意：非洲很多人现在正遭受饥饿和疾病的折磨。A..By通过；B.from来自；C.to朝着；D.of的；“sufferfrom”固定搭配，表示“经受，遭受”。故选B。7.Hecameintotheroomquietlytoavoid________bytheothers.A.tosee B.tobeseen C.beingseen D.seeing【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他悄悄地走进房间，以免被其他人看到。avoid

doing避免做某事，固定动词短语。根据句意可知，“他不想被其他人看到”，所给动词see与其逻辑主语he之间构成被动关系，空处要用avoid

doing的被动结构“avoidbeingdone”，即beingseen。故选C。8.Anepidemic________inthesmallvillagefortyyearsago.A.happen B.brokeout C.occur D.wastakenplace【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：四十年前，这个小村庄爆发了一场流行病。A.happen发生（动词原形）；B.brokeout爆发（过去式）；C.occur发生（动词原形）；D.wastakenplace错误选项（takeplace发生，无被动语态）。根据“fortyyearsago”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选B。9.Theoldmangotillagain,buthe________backintothehospital.A.refusedtogo B.reluctanttogo C.gladtogo D.refusedgoing【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查谓语和非谓语动词。句意：老人又病了，但他拒绝回医院。A.refusedtogo拒绝去，动词短语；B.reluctanttogo不情愿去，形容词短语；C.gladtogo乐意去，形容词短语；D.refusedgoing语法错误。分析句子可知，“but”连接的并列句中缺少谓语动词，应用动词短语refusetogo。故选A。10.Trytoprotectyourskin________bythesun.A.fromburnt B.frombeingburntC.awayfromburning D.awayfromburnt【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语和动名词的被动形式。句意：尽量保护你的皮肤免受太阳灼伤。短语protect...from...，意为“保护……免受……”，排除选项C和D；“skin”和动作“灼伤”之间是被动关系，故应用动名词的被动形式作介词“from”的宾语，其结构为“being+过去分词”。故选B。11.TheNationalBroadcastingCompanyiscalledNBC________.A.simply B.abbreviation C.forshort D.shorter【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查介词短语。句意：国家广播公司被简称为NBC。A.simply简单地；B.abbreviation缩写；C.forshort作为简称；D.shorter更短的。分析句子结构可知，此处需要一个表达“简称”意思的短语来作状语，对句子进行补充说明，应用介词短语“forshort”。故选C。12.Thenurse________hispainbygivinghimacoolingdrink.A.torelieve B.relieved C.stopping D.throw【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：护士给了他冷饮来缓解疼痛。A.torelieve缓解，动词不定式；B.relieved缓解，过去式；C.stopping停止，现在分词或动名词；D.throw扔，动词。根据句子结构和句意可知，空处需用动词作谓语，且句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，relieve的过去式是relieved，表示“缓解”。故选B。13.Hisbraveaction________aseriousaccidentinthestreet.A.prevented B.protected C.help D.stop【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：他的勇敢行为避免了街上发生严重事故。A.prevented避免；B.protected保护；C.help帮助；D.stop停止。根据句意可知，此句陈述的是已发生的事实，要用一般过去时，句意是“他的勇敢行为避免了事故的发生”，“阻止，避免”要用动词“prevented”。故选A。14.Mywashingmachineisoutoforderand________.A.needstoberepairing B.needsbeingrepaired C.needsrepaired D.needsrepairing【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：我的洗衣机坏了，需要修理。当“need”作实义动词时，如果主语是物，通常使用“needdoingsth.”或者“needtobedone”的结构，表示“某物需要被做某事”。故选D。15.Theforestwas________bythefire.A.helped B.destroyed C.improved D.damage【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析及被动语态。句意：森林被大火烧毁了。A.helped帮助；B.destroyed摧毁；C.improved改善；D.damage损害。分析句意可知，“森林是被大火破坏掉了”，主语“森林”与所给谓语动词之间存在被动关系，要用被动语态（be+动词过去分词），“毁坏、摧毁”要用“destroyed”，和“was”构成一般过去时被动语态。故选B。16.Itishightimethatwethatyou________upyourmind.A.make B.made C.making D.tomake【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：该是我们让你下定决心的时候了。“Itishightimethat...”表示“是……的时候了”，从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词词形为“动词过去式或should+动词原形”。故选B。17.Thereis________onthefrontpageoftoday’spaper.A.somethingimportant B.importantsomethingC.anythingimportant D.importantanything【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查不定代词和形容词位置。句意：今天的报纸头版有重要的事情。在英语中，当形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词应置于不定代词之后。另外，something意为“某事；某物”，常用于肯定的陈述句中；anything意为“某事；某物”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。本句为陈述的肯定句，因此应使用something。故选A。18.Scientistshave________thatworld’spopulationwilldoublebytheendofthecentury.A.counted B.worked C.calculated D.resulted【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：科学家们已经计算出世界人口到本世纪末将翻一番。A.counted数数（对已有的、确切的事物进行数量统计）；B.worked工作、运作；C.calculated核算、推测（侧重推算、预估）；D.resulted结果是（用于描述某个动作或事件所产生的结果）。根据句意可知，是科学家根据现有的各种数据（如出生率、死亡率、人口增长率等）进行复杂的计算和推测，从而得出世界人口到本世纪末将翻倍的结论，“calculated”符合题意。故选C。19.Theymovedtoanothercityseveralyearslater,________,in1990.A.inanotherwords B.thatistosay C.but D.someonesay【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查插入语。句意：几年后他们搬到了另一个城市，也就是说，在1990年。A.inanotherwords错误表达；B.thatistosay也就是说（用于进一步解释说明）；C.but但是（表示转折关系）；D.someonesay错误表达。根据前后句意可知，他们几年后搬到另一个城市，后面补充说明是在1990年，这是一种解释说明的关系，所以用thatistosay。故选B。20.Twelve________fourisforty-eight.A.times B.time C.timedby D.multiple【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析和主谓一致。句意：十二乘以四等于四十八。A.times乘以，第三人称单数形式；B.time乘以，动词原形；C.timedby语法错误；D.multiple倍数，名词。分析句子可知，主语从句“Twelve...four”缺少谓语动词，从句主语“twelve”是数字，视作整体，谓语动词应用单数。故选A。21.Healwaysmanaged________whathewants.A.getting B.get C.toobtain D.obtaining【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他总是设法得到他想要的东西。

managetodosth“设法做某事”，是固定短语。故选C。22.Thearrowonasign________thewaytogo.A.gives B.tell C.indicates D.show【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致和动词辨析。句意：路标上的箭头指示要走的方向。A.gives给予；B.tell告诉；C.indicates表明，指示；D.show展示。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语，主语是Thearrow，第三人称单数，谓语动词也要用单三形式；此处表示路标上的箭头“指示”要走的路。indicatetheway表示“指示方向”。故选C。23.Shecanseeoverthewallbecauseofher________.A.high B.weight C.heavy D.height【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查形容词名词辨析。句意：由于个子高，她能看到墙那边。A.high高的（形容词）；B.weight重量（名词）；C.heavy重的（形容词）；D.height身高（名词）。根据“Shecanseeoverthewall”可知，能看到墙那边是因为身高，且“her”后应是名词。故选D。24.Her________hasincreasedto80kilos.A.income B.height C.weight D.body【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：她的体重增加到80公斤了。A.income收入；B.height高度；C.weight重量；D.body身体。根据“80kilos”可知，这是描述的是她的体重，要用名词weight。故选C。25.Twenty-one________threeisseven.A.minus B.times C.dividedby D.plus【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查介词辨析。句意：21除以3等于7。A.minus减；B.times乘以；C.dividedby除以；D.plus加。根据“Twenty-one...

threeisseven.”可知，是“21除以3等于7”，“除以”要用“dividedby”。故选C。26.Couldyou________theheightofthedoorforme?A.count B.measure C.ruler D.test【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：你能为我测量下门的高度吗？A.count数数；B.measure测量；C.ruler尺子；D.test测验。根据句意可知，此处为测量门的高度，measure“测量”符合语境。故选B。27.Amemorialwasbuilt________thosewhodiedforthecountry.A.inhonorto B.inhonorof C.withthehonor D.because【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词短语。句意：为纪念那些为国捐躯的人，建了一座纪念碑。A.inhonorto无此固定搭配；B.inhonorof纪念；C.withthehonor带着荣誉；D.because因为。根据句意可知，此处表示“纪念……”，用固定搭配“inhonorof”。故选B。28.Wewillhaveto________howmuchmoneywe’llneedfortheparty.A.work B.countout C.calculated D.workout【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词及动词短语辨析。句意：我们必须计算出我们需要多少钱来开这个聚会。A.work工作；B.countout数出，点出（指从一定数量的物品中数出一定数量的物品。）；C.calculated核算、推测（侧重于根据一定依据对未来的情况进行预测）；D.workout计算，算出（表示通过思考、计算得出结果）。根据句意可知，我们将不得不计算出我们晚会将需要多少费用，“workout”符合题意。故选D。29.Thethiefwasseenrunning________ofthemountain.A.to B.toward C.forward D.inthedirection【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查介词辨析及介词短语。句意：有人看见小偷朝山的方向跑去。A.to朝；B.toward向；C.forward向前；D.inthedirection朝某个方向。根据空后所有格“of”可知，空处需要包含名词，因此使用介词短语“inthedirection”，“inthedirectionof”表示“朝着……方向”。故选D。30.Paymentwillbe________theworkdonenottothetimespentdoingit.A.thesameas B.proportionto C.respondto D.proportionalto【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：报酬将与所做的工作成比例，而不是与所花的时间成比例。A.thesameas与……相同；B.proportionto（无此表达）；C.respondto对……反应；D.proportionalto成比例的；与……成比例。根据“Paymentwillbe...theworkdonenottothetimespentdoingit.”可知，是“报酬将与所做的工作成比例，而不是与花费的时间成比例”，“与……成比例”，“proportionalto”符合题意。故选D。第三节完形填空：阅读下面的短文，从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确的答案。Foodisveryimportant.Everyoneneedsto____31____wellifheorshewantstohaveastrongbody.Ourmindsalsoneedakindoffood.Thiskindoffoodis____32____.Webegintogetknowledgeeven____33____weareveryyoung.Smallchildrenare____34____ineverythingaroundthem.Theylearn____35____whiletheyarewatchingandlistening.Whentheyaregettingolder,theybeginto____36____storybooks,sciencebooks...,anythingtheylike.Whentheyfindsomethingnew,theylovetoaskquestionsand____37____tofindoutanswers.Whatisthebest____38____togetknowledge?Ifwelearnbyourselves,wewillget____39____knowledge.Ifweare____40____gettinganswersfromothersanddonotaskwhy,wewillneverlearnwell.Whenwestudyintherightway,wewilllearnmoreandunderstandbetter.31.A.sleep B.read C.drink D.eat32.A.sport B.exercise C.knowledge D.meat33.A.until B.when C.after D.so34.A.interested B.interesting C.weak D.better35.A.everything B.something C.nothing D.anything36.A.lend B.read C.learn D.write37.A.try B.have C.refuse D.wait38.A.place B.school C.way D.road39.A.little B.few C.many D.themost40.A.often B.always C.usually D.something【答案】31.D32.C33.B34.A35.B36.B37.A38.C39.A40.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍如何获得知识。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都需要吃得好，才能拥有强壮的身体。A.sleep睡；B.read读；C.drink喝；D.eat吃。根据前文“Foodisveryimportant(食物非常重要)”可知，食物很重要，所以要吃得好。故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种食物就是知识。A.sport运动；B.exercise锻炼；C.knowledge知识；D.meat肉。根据后文“Webegintogetknowledge...(我们开始获取知识……)”可知，后文谈的都是知识，所以我们大脑的食物是知识。故选C。【33题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们在很小的时候就开始获取知识.。A.until直到……为止；B.when当……时；C.after在……后；D.so因此。分析句子可知，横线后是时间状语表示当我们年幼时就开始获取知识，所以应是when。故选B。【34题详解】考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：小孩子对周围的一切都很感兴趣。A.interested感兴趣；B.interesting有趣的；C.weak弱的；D.better更好的。根据“Smallchildrenare

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ineverythingaroundthem.(小孩子对周围的一切都很……)”可知，小孩子对周围一切感兴趣。beinterestedin“对……感兴趣”。故选A。【35题详解】考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：他们在观看和聆听时学到了一些东西。A.everything一切；B.something某物；C.nothing没什么；D.anything任何事。根据“Theylearn

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whiletheyarewatchingandlistening(他们在观看和聆听时学到了……)”可知，应是在观看和聆听时学到一些东西。故选B。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们长大后，他们开始阅读故事书、科学书……任何他们喜欢的东西。A.lend借；B.read读；C.learn学习；D.write写。根据横线后“storybooks,sciencebooks(故事书、科学书)”可知，是读故事书、科学书。故选B。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们发现新事物时，他们喜欢提出问题并尝试找出答案。A.try尝试；B.have有；C.refuse拒绝；D.wait等待。根据前文“theylovetoaskquestions(他们喜欢提出问题)”及后文谈到获取知识的方式，可知他们尝试找到答案。故选A。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：获取知识的最佳途径是什么？A.place地方；B.school学校；C.way方式；D.road道路。根据后文“welearnbyourselves(我们自己学习)”及“gettinganswersfromothers(从别人那里得到答案)”可知，这是讲述获取知识的方式。故选C。【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们自己学习，我们得到的知识就很少。A.little少，修饰不可数名词；B.few少，修饰可数名词；C.many许多，修饰可数名词复数；D.themost最多。根据横线后的knowledge是不可数名词，并结合语境可知如果自己学有可能获得很少的知识。所以横线上是little。故选A。【40题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们总是从别人那里得到答案而不问为什么，我们永远学不好。A.often经常；B.always总是；C.usually通常；D.sometimes有时。根据后文“wewillneverlearnwell(我们永远学不好)”可知，总是从别人那里得到答案而不问为什么，是学不好的。故选B。第二部分篇章与词汇理解第一节阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最恰当的答案。（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）AJapanisveryseriousaboutrobotics(机器人技术).Ifthedroidsaregoingtofitin,theyprobablyneedtolearntheJapanesecustomofservingtea.Fortunately,researchersattheUniversityofTokyoareexploringjustthat.Inashowthisweek,ahumanoid(有人特点的)withcameraeyesmadebyKawadaIndustriesInc.pouredteafromabottleintoacup.Thenanotherrobotonwheelsdeliveredthecupofteainanexperimentalroomthathassensorsembeddedinthefloorandsofaaswellascamerasontheceiling,tosimulate(模仿)lifewithrobottechnology.“Ahumanbeingmaybefaster,butyou’dhavetosay‘Thankyou.’”saidUniversityofTokyoprofessorTomomasaSato.“That’sthebestpartaboutarobot.Youdon’thavetofeelbadaboutaskingittodothings.”SatobelievesJapan,arapidlyagingsocietywheremorethanafifthofthepopulationis65orolder,willleadtheworldindesigningrobotstocarefortheelderly,sickandbedridden(卧床不起的).Already,monitoringtechnologies,suchassensorsthatautomaticallyturnonlightswhenpeopleenteraroom,arebecomingwidespreadinJapan.Thewalking,child-sizeAsimofromHondaMotorCo.greetspeopleatshow-rooms.NECCorp.hasdevelopedasmallercompanionrobot-on-wheelscalledPapero.Asealrobotavailablesince2004canentertaintheelderlyandothersinneedoffuzzycompanionship.Satosayshisexperimentalroomisraisingawarenessaboutprivacyquestionsthatmayarisewhenelectronicdevices(设备)monitoraperson’smovementsdowntothesmallestdetail.Onthebrightside,thetea-pouringhumanoidhasbeenprogrammedtodothedishes.41.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.“ThankYou”WillNeverBeNeededinJapanB.MonitoringTechnologiesAreWidespreadinJapanC.RobotIsDesignedtoCarefortheElderlyD.RobottechnologiesarewidespreadinJapanesedailylife42.Theunderlinedword“embedded”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans________.A.fixed B.established C.settled D.rooted43.AccordingtoProfessorSato,________.A.therobotservesteamuchfasterthanahumanbeingB.therobotdoesanythinglikehumanbeingsC.tea-servingrobothelpstoformlazinessoftheagingsocietyD.tea-servingrobotdoesn’tneedanyrewardfortheservice44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Arobotcanimitatepeopletocompletecomplicatedtasks.B.Arobothasbeenprogrammedtocleanthedishes.C.Alltheproblemsintheagingsocietycanbesolvedbyrobots.D.ThenumberofagingpeopleisincreasingrapidlyinJapan.45.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A.peopleareafraidofbeingmonitoredbyrobotsB.thetechnologyofrobotshasbeenhighlightedinJapanC.robotscancompletelytaketheplaceofhumanbeingsD.people’sprivacyshouldbestrictlyprotected【答案】41.D42.A43.D44.C45.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在日本，机器人被广泛使用，可以倒茶，也可以照顾老人，陪人娱乐，机器人受到广泛的欢迎。【41题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Japanisveryseriousaboutrobotics(机器人技术).(日本人对机器人技术十分严肃。)”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍机器人技术在日本的广泛应用，特别是用于日常生活。故选D。【42题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Thenanotherrobotonwheelsdeliveredthecupofteainanexperimentalroomthathassensorsembeddedinthefloorandsofaaswellascamerasontheceiling,tosimulate(模仿)lifewithrobottechnology.(然后另一个带轮子的机器人在实验室里传送茶水，实验室的地板和沙发上……有传感器，天花板上也有摄像头，用于模仿有机器人技术的生活状态。)”可知，传感器是根据实验需要，安装在实验室的地板和沙发上，划线词“embedded”应是指“安装，嵌入”。故选A。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Ahumanbeingmaybefaster,butyou’dhavetosay‘Thankyou.’(人动作可能快一点，但你不必说“谢谢”。)”可知，人类在享受了机器人的服务后，不必感谢，机器人无需回报。故选D。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“NECCorp.hasdevelopedasmallercompanionrobot-on-wheelscalledPapero.Asealrobotavailablesince2004canentertaintheelderlyandothersinneedoffuzzycompanionship.(NEC公司改进了更小型的陪伴型轮式机器人，起名Papero。自2004年起可使用的心理治愈机器人，在不明确陪伴的需求下，能为老人和其他人提供娱乐。)”可知，目前机器人可以解决老龄化社会的一些陪伴问题。选项C“Alltheproblemsintheagingsocietycanbesolvedbyrobots.(老龄化社会的所有问题都能被机器人解决。)说法过于绝对，与原文不符。故选C。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Japanisveryseriousaboutrobotics(机器人技术).(日本在机器人技术方面极为重视。)”可知，日本十分重视机器人技术。故选B。BTheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman-asopposedtospiritualvalues.Fulfillmentinlife-asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife-becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrowned(皱眉头)on.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecular(不朽的)aswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod--howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,andcirculated.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures(雕塑),plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic-althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBemardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf--thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountriesthatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.46.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle.D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.47.Theunderlinedword“now”inParagraphIrefersto________.A.1855B.theperiodoftheRenaissanceC.thetimeoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRomeD.thetimeatwhichtheauthorwrotethepassage48.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof________.A.spiritualityineverydaylifeB.communicationamongartistsacrossEuropeC.aculturalemphasisonhumanvaluesD.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes49.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthemusicofancientGreeceandRome?A.Itseffectonlistenerswasdescribedinanumberofclassicaltexts.B.Itwasplayedoninstrumentsthatarefamiliartomoderaudiences.C.Itexpressedmoredifferentidealsthanclassicalsculpture,paintingandpoetry.D.IthadthesameeffectonRenaissanceaudiencesasithadwhenoriginallyperformed.50.Accordingtothepassage,whywasBernardinoCirillodisappointedwiththemusicofhistime?A.Itdidnotcontainenoughreligiousthemes.B.Ithadlittleemotionalimpactonaudiences.C.Itwasnotcomplexenoughtoappealtomusicians.D.Itwastoodependentontheartandliteratureofhistime.【答案】46.C47.B48.C49.A50.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了文艺复兴时期欧洲文化的复兴，特别关注了音乐风格的变化。【46题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文及最后一段“ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf--thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountriesthatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.(欧洲的音乐文艺复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一种普遍的文化运动和精神状态。此外，在这一个半世纪里，音乐变化如此之快——尽管不同国家的变化速度不同，我们无法定义一种单一的文艺复兴风格。)”可知，本文主要讲述了欧洲文艺复兴是一种普遍的文化运动和精神状态的发展，包括音乐风格的变化。故选C。【47题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Fulfillmentinlife-asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife-becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrowned(皱眉头)on.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecular(不朽的)aswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.(人生的圆满——而不是对来生的担忧——成为了一个理想的目标，表达人类全部的情感和享受感官的快乐不再被反对。艺术家和作家现在转向世俗和宗教题材，并试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人。)”可知，“now”指的是文艺复兴时期，即学者和艺术家开始关注世俗主题和人类情感的时期。故选B。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman-asopposedtospiritualvalues.

(对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人性，而不是精神价值。)”可知，文艺复兴时期的学者和艺术家想要恢复古典文明的学问和理想，这更多地体现了对人性的重视，而非宗教或艺术主题。故选C。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.

(他们了解到古代音乐能打动听众，并想知道为什么现代音乐没有同样的效果。)”可知，文艺复兴时期的学者虽然无法听到古代音乐，但他们通过阅读古典哲学家、诗人等的著作了解到古代音乐的力量。可推知古代音乐对听众的影响在古典文本中有所描述。故选A。【50题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBemardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

(他们了解到古代音乐能打动听众，并想知道为什么现代音乐没有同样的效果。例如，有影响力的宗教领袖贝马迪诺·西里洛（BemardinoCirillo）对他那个时代学识渊博的音乐表示失望。他敦促音乐家们效仿那些重新发现古代艺术和文学的雕塑家、画家、建筑师和学者。)”可知，BemardinoCirillo对当时学识渊博的音乐感到失望，他希望音乐家能效仿那些重新发现古代艺术和文学的雕塑家、画家。可推知他认为那时期的音乐对观众影响力不大，期望音乐能像古代艺术一样具有情感上的影响力。故选B。CSharkshavelivedintheoceansforover450millionyears,longbeforedinosaursappeared.Therearenowabout360speciesofsharks,whosesize,behavior,andothercharacteristicsdifferwidely.Everyyear,wecatchandkillover100millionsharks,mostlyforfoodandfortheirfins.Driedsharkfinsareusedtomakesharkfinsoup,whichsellsforasmuchas$50abowlinfineHongKongrestaurants.Othersharksarekilledforsportandoutoffear.Sharksarevulnerable(易受伤的)tooverfishingbecauseittakesmostspecies10to15yearstobeginreproducingandtheyproduceonlyafewoffspring(后代).Influencedbymoviesandpopularnovels,mostpeopleseesharksaspeople-eatingmonsters.Thisisfarfromthetruth.Everyyear,afewtypesofsharkinjureabout100peopleworldwideandkillabout25.Mostattacksarebygreatwhitesharks,whichoftenfeedonsealionsandothermarine(海洋的)mammals.Theysometimesmistakehumanswimmersfortheirnormalprey,especiallyiftheyarewearingblackwetsuits.Ifyouareatypicalocean-goer,yourchancesofbeingkilledbyanunprovoked(非受挑衅而发生的)attackbyasharkareabout1in100million.Youaremorelikelytobekilledbyapigthanasharkandthousandsoftimesmorelikelytogetkilledwhenyoudriveacar.Sharkshelpsavehumanlives.Inadditiontoprovidingpeoplewithfood,theyarehelpinguslearnhowtofightcancer,bacteria,andviruses.Sharksareveryhealthyandhaveagingprocessessimilartoours.Theirhighlyeffectiveimmunesystemallowswoundstohealquicklywithoutbecominginfected,andtheirbloodisbeingstudiedinconnectionwithAIDSresearch.Sharksareamongthefewanimalsintheworldthatalmostnevergetcancerandeyecataracts(白内障).Understandingwhycanhelpusimprovehumanhealth.Chemicalstakenfromsharkcartilage(软骨)havekilledcanceroustumorsinlaboratoryanimals,researchthatsomedaycouldhelpprolongyourlife.Sharksareneededintheworld’soceanecosystems.Althoughtheydon’tneedusweneedthem.Wearemuchmoredangeroustosharksthantheyaretous.Foreverysharkthatbitesaperson,wekillonemillionsharks.51.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhypeoplekillsharks?A.Peoplekillsharksforfood.B.Peoplekillsharksforsport.C.Peoplekillsharksoutoffear.D.Peoplekillsharksbecausetheyoftenattackswimmers.52.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Therearemanydifferentspeciesofsharks,butonlyafewofthemaredangeroustohumans.B.Sharksnevergetill.C.Sharksareavaluableresourceforhuman.D.Sharksplayanimportantroleintheoceanecosystem.53.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.movieshavegivenpeoplethewrongimpressionofsharksB.mostsharksaredangeroustohumansC.sharkswillattackanyonewhoiswearingblackD.itisdangeroustoswimintheocean54.Theunderlinedword“prolong”inthelastbutoneparagraphmeans________.A.save B.protect C.lengthen D.improve55.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe________.A.AreSharksDangerous?B.SharksAndHumansC.Sharks:Humans’FriendsD.SharksHelpSaveHumanLives【答案】51.D52.B53.A54.C55.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章全面介绍了鲨鱼，纠正人们对鲨鱼的误解，强调鲨鱼对人类及海洋生态系统的重要性，呼吁人们正确认识并保护鲨鱼。【51题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“wecatchandkillover100millionsharks,mostlyforfoodandfortheirfins(我们捕获并杀死了超过1亿条鲨鱼，主要是为了食物和鱼翅)”以及“Othersharksarekilledforsportandoutoffear(其他鲨鱼则因为运动和恐惧而被杀害。)”可知，人们捕杀鲨鱼是为了食物，运动，或出于害怕，没有提到因为他们攻击游泳者。故选D。【52题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Sharksareamongthefewanimalsintheworldthatalmostnevergetcancerandeyecataracts(鲨鱼是世界上少数几乎不会患癌症和白内障的动物之一)”可知，鲨鱼几乎不会患癌症和白内障，但不能就此说鲨鱼从不生病，B选项表述过于绝对。故选B。【53题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Influencedbymoviesandpopularnovels,mostpeopleseesharksaspeople-eatingmonsters(受电影和流行小说的影响，大多数人将鲨鱼视为食人怪物)”可知，电影给人们带来了对鲨鱼的错误印象。故选A。【54题详解】词句猜测题。根据第六段“Chemicalstakenfromsharkcartil agehave

killedcanceroustumorsinlaboratoryanimals,researchthatsomedaycouldhelp

prolongyourlife.(从鲨鱼软骨中提取的化学物质已经杀死了实验动物的癌性肿瘤，这项研究有一天可能有助于延长你的生命。)”可知，鲨鱼软骨里面的化学物质可以杀死癌细胞，所以此处说的是这可能有助于延长人类寿命，“prolong”意思是“lengthen(延长)”。故选C。【55题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了鲨鱼对人类的益处，如帮助人类对抗疾病，在海洋生态系统中有重要作用等，强调鲨鱼是人类的朋友。选项C“Sharks:Humans’Friends(鲨鱼：人类的朋友)”符合主旨大意。故选C。DThegoalofearthquakepredictionistogiveearlyenoughwarning.TheU.S.GeologicalSurveyconductsandsupportsresearchonthelikelihoodoffutureearthquakes.Scientistsestimateearthquakeprobabilitiesintwoways:bystudyingthehistoryoflargeearthquakesinaspecialareaandtherateatwhichstrain(拉力)accumulates(积累)intherock.Scientistsstudythepastfrequencyoflargeearthquakesinordertodeterminethefuturelikelihoodofsimilarlargeshocks.ForexamplescientistsresearchedthelargeearthquakesintheSanFranciscoBayregionduringthe75yearsbetween1836and1911.Forthenext68years,noearthquakesofmagnitude(震级)6orlargeoccurredintheregion.Beginningwithamagnitude6shockin1979,theearthquakesintheregionincreaseddramatically;between1979and1989,therewerefourmagnitude6orgreaterearthquakes,includingamagnitude7.1earthquake.Soscientistsestimatedthattheprobabilityofamagnitude6.8orlargerearthquakeoccurringduringthenext30yearsintheregionisabout67percent.Anotherwaytopredictearthquakesistostudyhowfaststrainaccumulates.Whenplatemovementsbuildthestraininrockstoacriticallevel,likepullingarubberbandtootight,therockswillsuddenlybreakandsliptoanewposition.Scientistsmeasurehowmuchstrainaccumulatesalongafault(断层)eachyear,howmuchtimehaspassedsincethelastearthquake,andhowmuchstrainwasreleasedinthelastearthquake.Thisinfo