宜宾专版2024中考英语二轮复习第二部分语法专题突破篇专题十复合句讲与练

PAGEPAGE1专题十复合句真题试做(A)1.(2024宜宾中考改编)That'stheboy______wonthefirstprizeinthecompetitionyesterday.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.where(B)2.(2024宜宾中考改编)Doyouknow______？A.howoldisheB.howoldheisC.heishowoldD.howmuchisit(D)3.(2024安徽中考)—Iwonder______Janegetsonsowellwithherclassmates.—Becauseshealwayscaresmuchaboutothers.A.whetherB.howC.whenD.why(A)4.(2024北京中考)—Alice,couldyoutellme______London?—Sure.LastSunday.A.whenMr.SmithleftB.whenMr.SmithwillleaveC.whendidMr.SmithleaveD.whenwillMr.Smithleave(A)5.(2024广东中考)—Couldyoutellme______you'dlikemetopayyou?—You'dbetterusemobilepayment.Idon'tcare______itisAlipayorWeChatPay.A.how；whetherB.how；whyC.what；whetherD.what；why考向归结在近年的中考中,对复合句的考查主要面对：1.宾语从句(引导词、语序、时态)；2.定语从句(关系词的选用)；3.状语从句(时间、地点、缘由、目的等)。考点突破宾语从句在复合句中,放在动词或者介词后面起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。1.宾语从句的引导词引导词例句当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导；that无意义时,可省略Wefound(that)momhadknownthesecret.我们发觉妈妈知道了那个隐私。当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用whether,if引导Theboyaskedhismomifhecoulddrinkcola.男孩问他的妈妈他是否能喝可乐。当特别疑问句充当宾语从句时,用what,who,where,when,how,why,which,whose等特别疑问词引导Doyouknowwhoheislookingfor?你知道他在找谁吗？Justwatchwhathedoes.只是看看他做什么。2.宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都要用陈述句语序,其构成是：主句＋引导词＋陈述句语序(主谓语序)。如：Wedon'tknowwherehelives.我们不知道他住在哪里。Doyouknowwherehelives？你知道他住在哪里吗？3.宾语从句的时态在宾语从句中,谓语动词的时态要和主句中谓语动词的时态保持一样,其一般规律为：规律例句主过从过：主句中的谓语动词假如是一般过去时,从句中的谓语动词要用相对应的过去时态Thepoliceaskedtheboywherehismomwas.警察问男孩他妈妈在哪儿。主现从不限：主句中的谓语动词假如是一般现在时,从句中的谓语动词可以用任何时态Wedon'tknowwhenhewasborn.我们不知道他生于何时。真理不变：假如从句所说的是客观真理或事实,从句中的谓语动词则要用一般现在时Theoldtoldustheearthgoesroundthesun.老人告知我们地球围绕太阳转。4.宾语从句与简洁句的转换由连接代词或连接副词what,how,where等引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如：Shehasn'tdecidedwhereshewillgoonholiday.＝Shehasn'tdecidedwheretogoonholiday.她还没确定去哪里度假。CouldyoutellmehowIcanmakefruitsalad?＝Couldyoutellmehowtomakefruitsalad?你能告知我怎么做水果沙拉吗？定语从句在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句；被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又在定语从句中充当句子成分。引导定语从句的关系词有：关系代词：who,whom,that,whose,which；关系副词：when,where,why。如：Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.住在我们隔壁的那个人是个警察。1.关系词的选用先行词和引导词例句先行词指人时,引导词通常用who(作主语或宾语),whom(作宾语),that(作主语或宾语)；that作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略Jimmyisthemanwho/thathaswonthefirstprize.吉米就是那个获得一等奖的人。(who/that作主语,不能省略)Theman(that/who/whom)wealllikeisourheadteacher.我们大家都喜爱的人是我们的班主任。(that/who/whom作宾语,可省略)先行词指物时,可用that/which(作主语/宾语)引导；若前面有介词时,只能用whichThebookthat/whichisthickerismine.那本厚些的书是我的。(that/which作主语,不能省略)Thisisthepark(that/which)wevisitedlastweek.这是上周我们游玩的公园。(that/which作宾语,可省略)TheknifewithwhichIcuttheapplesisverysharp.我用来切苹果的那把刀很锐利。(介词＋which)先行词与定语从句中某个名词有所属关系,表示“……的”时,要用关系代词whose作定语Themathbookwhosecoverisredishers.那本红色封面的数学书是她的。先行词为表示时间的词,且在定语从句中作时间状语时,常用关系副词whenIwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogetherinAmerica.我恒久不会遗忘我们一起在美国学习的那些日子。先行词为表示地点的词,且在定语从句中作地点状语时,常用关系副词whereWespenttwoweeksinthecitywherewemetforthefirsttime.我们在初次相遇的城市里待了两周。先行词为reason(缘由),且在从句中作缘由状语时,要用关系副词whyNobodyknowsthereasonwhysheleftthiscompany.没有人知道她离开这家公司的缘由。留意：关系副词when,where只能在从句中作状语,不行充当主语或宾语。2.只能用关系代词that的状况类别例句先行词前面有形容词最高级时Themostfamousstylethatiscreatedbyheristheshorthair.她引领的最为人们熟知的时尚潮流就是短发。先行词为all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词或被其修饰时Pleasemoveoutallthedesksthatareold.请把全部旧桌子搬出去。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou？我可以为您做些什么吗？先行词被序数词修饰时Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们要做的第一件事就是获得一些食物。先行词前有theone,theonly,thelast,thevery,thesame等词修饰时TheonlythingthatIwanttodonowistohaveabigmeal.我现在唯一想做的事就是大吃一顿。先行词同时包含人和物时Icanseemanypeopleandbuildingsthatarereflectedonthelake.我能看到湖面上倒映出很多的人和建筑。主句是who或which引导的特别疑问句时Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow？刚刚和你说话的那个女孩是谁？3.只用which引导的定语从句,不用that的状况关系代词前有介词时(of,for,with,in,on…)。如：IwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.我想找到我用来写信的钢笔。4.只用who引导的定语从句,不用that的状况(1)当先行词为everyone,someone,noone,nobody,everybody,somebody等表示人的不定代词时。如：Isthereanyonewhocananswerthequestion？有人可以回答这个问题吗？(2)当先行词为those时。如：Thosewhotakeawalkintheparkarealmostoldpeople.在公园里漫步的人几乎都是老人。状语从句在复合句中,作状语成分的从句叫状语从句,常见的状语从句可分为：时间、缘由、条件、方式、让步、比较、结果、目的等从句(见连词用法)。1.时间状语从句时间状语从句的引导词有when(当……时),as(当……时),while(当……时),till/until(直到……),since(自从……以来),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),assoonas(一……就……)等。引导词意义例句when(当……时)when引导的时间状语从句中既可接持续性动词,也可接非持续性动词,多用一般过去时TheyweretalkinghappilywhenIwalkedpastthedoor.当我走过那扇门时,他们正在开心地谈话。续表引导词意义例句while(当……时)while强调主句和从句动作同时发生,所引导的时间状语从句只能用持续性动词,且多用进行时态MymotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.当我正在做作业时,我妈妈正在做饭。as(当……时)强调从句动作伴随主句动作发生,所引导的从句中既可接持续性动词,也可接非持续性动词Astheywalkedalongthelake,theysanghappily.当他们沿湖漫步时,他们欢乐地唱歌。before(在……之前)before引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前Weturnedoffthelightbeforeweleft.我们在离开前关了灯。after(在……之后)after引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后Hewenttobedafterhefinishedhiswork.他做完工作后就去睡觉了。assoonas(一……就……)assoonas表示“一……就……”,若主句为一般将来时,从句常用一般现在时表将来IwillthrowawaythebrokenshoesassoonasIbuyanewpair.等我一买到新鞋我就会把这双破的鞋扔掉。2.缘由状语从句缘由状语从句的引导词有because(因为),since(因为；既然),as(因为；由于),for(因为)等。如：Hedidn'tcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.他昨天没来上学,因为他生病了。Sinceyouarefree,youcanhelphim.既然你没什么事,你可以帮帮他。Davidjustwaitedthereashedidn'tknowwhattodo.因为不知道该做什么,戴维就等在那儿。TheSmithshadtostartearly,fortherewasalongwaytogo.史密斯一家不得不早早动身,因为还有很长的路要走。留意：because和so不能同时运用。3.条件状语从句条件状语从句的引导词有if(假如),unless(除非；假如……不)等。引导词规律例句if假如,主将从现Hewillreturnifhefindsthetruth.假如他发觉真相,他就会返回。unless除非,主将从现Youwillfailthetestunlessyoustudyhard.除非你努力学习,否则你将考试不及格。4.地点状语从句地点状语从句的引导词有where(哪里),wherever(无论哪里)。如：I'dliketogowheretheairisveryfresh.我想去空气特别清爽的地方。Whereveryougo,I'llberightherewaitingforyou.无论你去哪儿,我都会在这儿等你。5.比较状语从句比较状语从句的引导词有as…as…(和……一样……),than(比)等。如：Peterisnotastallashisbrother.彼得不像他哥哥那么高。6.目的状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有sothat(以便),inorderthat(为了)等。如：Hestoodupsothat/inorderthathecouldseetheblackboardclearly.他站起来,以便能清晰地看到黑板。7.结果状语从句结果状语从句的引导词有so…that…/such…that…(如此……以至于……)等。引导词结构例句so…that…so＋形容词/副词＋that从句Sheissobeautifulthatwealllikeher.她如此美丽以至于我们都喜爱她。such…that…such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that从句Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.他是如此聪慧的男孩,以至于每个人都喜爱他。续表引导词结构例句such…that…such＋形容词＋不行数名词＋that从句It'ssuchfineweatherthatallofuswanttogotothemountain.天气如此好以至于我们都想去爬山。such＋形容词＋名词复数＋that从句Theyaresuchlovelyflowersthatthegirlbuysallofthem.那些花如此好看以至于那个女孩把它们都买了。留意：(1)当名词前有much,many,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so。如：Thereissomuchwaterleftthatit'senoughforaseven­daytrip.所剩的水还很多,足够维持7天的旅程。(2)当little意为“小”时,仍用such。如：It'ssuchalittlesheepthatweareworriedaboutwhetheritcansurvivethewinter.这只羊这么小,我们都担忧它是否能熬过冬天。8.让步状语从句让步状语从句的引导词有though/although(虽然),eventhough/if(即使；尽管)等。如：Although/Thoughshe'snotbeautiful,she'skindandsincere.虽然不美丽,但她和善而真诚。留意：although/though不能和but连用。小试牛刀(A)1.(2024北部湾中考)Assoonasshe______inNanning,shewillcallyou.A.arrivesB.arriveC.willarriveD.arrived(A)2.(2024玉林中考)—WhogottheFirst­everFriendshipMedal(友情勋章)ofChina?—It'sPutin______everybodyknowssowellintheworld.A.whomB.whatC.whichD.whose(A)3.(2024玉林中考)—Herearethejobsforyou,youngman.—Thankyou.CouldIchoose______？A.whatIliketodomostB.whatIlikedtodomostC.whatdoIliketodomostD.whatdidIliketodomost(C)4.(2024河南中考)Anyonewhoisaserveror______hasbeenoneknowsthatcustomersalwayscomefirst.A.whomB.whatC.whoD.which(A)5.(2024河南中考)—Excuseme.Doyouknow______？—Sorry,Idon'tknow,either.A.howtocheckoutabookB.whenwilltheconcer