2024年商务英语知识点

商务英語Chapter1SettingUpaBusiness⑴Soleproprietorship個人独资企业，個体户1.SimpletoEstablish轻易建立1.UnlimitedLiability無限责任2.FreeinDecision-Making轻易决策2.LimitedAccesstoCapital筹集资金渠道有限3.EasytokeepOperationalandFinancialSecrecy轻易保持經营和金融秘密3.LimitedManagerialExpertise有限的专业管理技能4.LessTaxBurden较少的税收承担独享利润5.ExclusiveUseofprofits⑵Partnership合作式企业長处缺陷1.ImprovedAccesstocapitalandCredit便利得到资本和信贷無限责任1.UnlimitedLiability2.GreaterPossibilityforgood更好的管理management内部冲突2.InternalConflicts确定的法律3.DefiniteLegalFramework框架3.ProblemofContinuity持续的問題更好的发4.BetterProspectsforGrowth展前景Corporatio企业制企业⑶長处缺陷1.LimitedLiability有限责任双重税收1.DoubleTaxation轻易扩张2.EasytoExpand较高的运行成本2.HighOrganizingCosts3.SeparatedOwnershipand所有权与經营权分离Management3.LackofSecrecy無法保持秘密4.ContinuousLife本章重要詞组：Soleproprietorship個体户salesrevenue销售收入doubletaxation双重征税Limitedliabilitycompany有限责任企业dividend股息，分紅Chapter2Marketing:anOverview⑴Thefunctionsofmarketing①Marketingresearch②Acquiring③Selling④Transportation⑤Storage⑥FinanceandCredit⑦RiskTaking⑧StandardizationandGrading⑵4”p”:①Product②price③promotion④place本章重要詞组：marketsegmentation市場细分legaltender法定货币Chapter3ProductsandPricing完形填空⑴Productlifecycle:①introduction特點：profitstendtobesmallandevenlossesmayoccur②growth特點：salesincreasequicklyandprofitsbegintopourin○thetotalsalesvolumebeginstofall,andtheprofitsstarttoshrink.maturity特點：3④decline特點：thedemandfortheproductcontinuestofallandsodoesthesalesvolume.⑵skimmingstrategy:Whenaproductisattheintroductionstageofitslifecycleandthereislittlecompetition,itcanbepricedhightomakemaximumprofitandskimthe“cream”ofthemarket.本章重要詞组：Productlifecycle产品生命周期（中英互译）profit-orientedobjectives利润导向型目的sales-orientedobjective销售额导向型目的skimmingstrategy撇脂战略Returnoncapital投资回报率break—evenanalysis盈亏平衡點分析Chapter4ChannelsofdistributionWholesaler批发商：wholesaleraremiddlemenwhobuyinlargequantitiesfromtheproducersandredistributethegoodstothemiddlemenatthenextlevelretailers.Water海上运送最廉价air空运最贵本章重要詞组：Channelsofdistribution分销渠道Chapter5Promotion完形填空⑴Thecombinationofthepromotionaltoolsiscalledthepromotionmix.Toolsthatarecommonlyusedforpromotionareadvertising广告,salespromotion促销,personalselling當面行销,publicrelations公共关系,publicity媒体推介,etc.Atthecoreofthemix,ofcourse,isagoodproduct.Withoutsuchaproduct,thetoolswillbeueslessorproduceundesirableresults.(2)Advertisingmediaarenewspaper,television,radio,directmail,theinternet,outdoorbillboards,yellowpagesTelevision電视广告最贵本章的重要詞组：promotionmix促销组合coupon打折券tradestamp行业优惠券tradeshow行业展览會personalselling當面行销Chapter6MoneyandBanking影响货币供应的三個工具：reserverequirements,changesinthediscountrates,andopen—marketoperations.本章重要詞组：papernote紙币legaltender法定货币timedeposit定期存款demanddeposit活期存款banker'sacceptance银行承兑creditcard信用卡debitcard借记卡pensionfund养老基金reserverequirements储备金规定discountrate贴現率open-marketoperation公開市場运作Chapter7Financing1、Tradecredit分為三类：openaccount開立账户promissorynote本票draft汇票2、promissorynote(定义)whichisanunconditionalwrittenpromisebythebuyertomakerepaymenttotheselleronaparticulardate.本章重要詞组：tradecredit行业信用accountreceivable应收账款accountpayable应付账款openaccount開立账户promissorynote本票draft汇票compensatingbalance赔偿余额retainedearnings留用利润depreciation折旧equityfinancing股权融资debtfinancing债务融资preferredstock优先股融资方式分两种：long—termfinancingshort—termfinancingChapter8Accounting⑴Balancesheet(定义)isonetypeoffinancialstatement,whichreportsthefinancialhealthofafirmonaspecificdate.Abanlancesheetismadeupofthreetypesofaccount,i.e.assets资产,liabilities负债andowners'equity所有者权益.Assetsarewhatabusinessowns.assets=liabilities+owner'sequity(资产=负债+所有者权益)⑵Grossprofitmargin=Grossprofit/NetsalesNetprofitmargin=Netincome/Netsales本章重要詞组：balancesheet资产负债表currentassets流動资产fixedassets固定资产currentliabilities流動负债long-termliabilities長期负债currentratio流動比率quickratio速動比率incomestatement损益表grossprofitmargin毛利润率netprofitmargin净利润率returnonowners'investment投资回报率Chapter9TheSecuritiesMarket本章重要詞组：securitiesmarket证券市場stockspeculator股票投机者Chapter12InternationalBusinesscurrenciesuseofoften⑴Foreignexchange定义：Doinginternationalbusinessinvolvesdifferentfromyourown.licensingabsolute：advantage绝對优势comparativeadvantage相對优势本章重要詞组import外汇exchangearrangement特許协议multinatioalcorporation跨国企业foreignimportlicensequotasurtax進口附加税tariffs关税配额進口許可证Chapter13ManagingBusinessEnterprises1、Planning:Planninginvolvessettinggoalsandworkingoutstrategiestoachievethegoals。组织第一段P139老版工商导论:Organizing、2．3、controlling:isthefunctionorprocessinwhichthemanagementgathersinformation,comparesactualperformancewithexpectedresults,andtakesnecessarymeasurestocorrectsignificantdeviations.4、管理水平和技能，老版書本P140两個图记住。5、SourcesofManagers:①thecompanyitself②educationalinstitutions③OtherOrganizations6、组织构造的图形和名称记住：重點在于矩阵制和事业部制本章重要詞组：planning计划organizing组织controlling调控humanskills人际技能conceptualskills概念技能technicalskills操作技能jobspecialization工作专门化departmentalization部门化unityofcommand统一指挥matrixorganization矩阵型组织Divisionalorganization事业部制Chapter14HumanResourcesManagement:Basedonthefindingsofthejobanalysis,ajobdescreptionlists）⑴jobdescription（定义theobjecetves,responsibilities,maintasksofthejo