2018-英语北师大版必修5导学笔记Unit13PeriodTwo

PeriodTwoLesson2PersonalitiesandJobsⅠ.重点单词1．conductorn．售票员；指挥conductv．指挥，引导；n.行为，举止2．athleticadj.喜爱运动的athleten．运动员3．independentadj.独立的independencen．独立4．sharpadj.敏锐的；锋利的，尖的sharplyadv.尖锐地；严厉地；明显地5．characteristicn．特点，特性charactern．性格；特点；人物6．desiren．渴望，欲望7．satisfactionn．满意，满足satisfyv．使满意satisfiedadj.满意的satisfyingadj.令人满意的8．requirementn．要求requirevt.要求9．aboardprep.在(上)船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)上abroadadv.到国外10．assistantn．助手，助理11.translatorn．翻译员translatev．翻译translationn．翻译Ⅱ.重点短语1．careabout关心；担忧2．haveadesiretodosth.想要做某事3．giveup放弃4．usedtodo过去常常Ⅲ.重点句式1．not...but...不是……而是……Whichstudentbelievesthatpeoplewhoworkwithputersarenotathleticbuttheyhavetobecreative?哪个学生认为做计算机工作的人不善于运动，但必须很有创造力？2．形容词＋动词不定式Ifindthatveryhardtobelieve.我发现那难以置信。3．it作形式宾语Ireallydislikeitwhenheeatsgarlicforlunch.我真的不喜欢他午餐时吃大蒜。重点词汇1．Apersonwithasharpmindisabletothinkandunderstandthingsveryquickly.有着敏锐头脑的人能很快地思考并理解事物。(1)sharpadj.敏锐的；急剧的；明显的；锋利的；尖的；刺骨的；adv.(时刻)整，准；急剧，猛然(2)sharpenv．使尖锐；磨快；加剧(3)sharpenern．研磨者；研磨工具(4)sharplyadv.尖锐地；严厉地；明显地[图解助记](1)Therehasbeenasharpriseinthenumberofpeopleoutofwork.失业人数急剧增加。(2)Couldyoulendmeaknifetosharpenmypencil?你能借我把刀子削一削我的铅笔吗？(3)Recently，thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprogramshasincreasedsharply(sharp)．最近，参加健身项目的人数急剧增加。[熟词生义]写出句子中黑体词的汉语意思(4)Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.明显的2．Someoneindependentisabletodothingsbythemselvesandintheirownway.独立自主的人能自己独立做事并且有自己的工作方式。(1)independentadj.独立的；自主的；独自的beindependentof...不受……控制/影响；不依赖……(2)independencen．独立；自主(3)independentlyadv.独立地；自主地(1)IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearingstrangeclothes.我通过穿奇装异服向他们显示我是独立的。(2016·全国Ⅲ)(2)Heraimistobeindependentofherparentsbythetimeshegraduatesfromcollege.她的目标是到大学毕业时，不依赖她的父母，过独立的生活。(3)Nigeriagainedindependence(independent)fromBritainin1960.尼日利亚于1960年脱离英国获得独立。[单句改错](4)Theprofessorwasdelightedtofindthathisstudentsfinishedtheprojecteq\f(independent,independently).3．Tourguidesneedtobeindependent，outgoingandhaveadesiretoshareinformation.导游应该独立、外向并且愿意和他人分享信息。desiren．渴望，欲望；要求；vt.渴望，希望；要求haveastrongdesireeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.迫切想要做某事,forsth.急于想得到某物))desiretodosth.渴望做某事desirethat...渴望……注意：desire无论是用作名词还是动词，后接从句时常用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语部分为“(should＋)动词原形”。(1)Thefreshmanhasastrongdesiretogo(go)homeatweekends.在周末，这位大一新生很渴望回家。(2)Herdesireisthatherbooks(should)reach(reach)asmanypeopleaspossible.她的愿望就是尽可能多的人读到她的书。(3)Idesiredthathe(should)ebackatonce.我渴望他能立刻回来。4．Ithinktourguidesmustalsogetalotofsatisfactionoutofseeingotherpeopleenjoyingthemselves.我想，看到游客玩得很高兴，导游一定也会感到很满足。(1)satisfactionn．满意，满足tosb.’ssatisfaction令某人感到满意的是withsatisfaction满意地(2)satisfyvt.使满意，使满足(3)satisfiedadj.满意的，满足的besatisfiedwith对……满意/满足(4)satisfyingadj.令人满意的(1)Helookedatthemwithgreatsatisfaction.他十分满意地看着他们。(2)Muchtomysatisfaction，mydaughterwasadmittedintoBeijingUniversity.让我非常满意的是，我女儿被北大录取了。(3)Formostofus，itwasreallyasatisfying(satisfy)result.对我们大多数人来说，这确实是一个令人满意的结果。[高级表达](4)TheteacherwassatisfiedwithwhatIdid，sohesmiled.(改为形容词短语作状语)→SatisfiedwithwhatIdid，theteachersmiled.5．Canyouthinkofanyjobswherethisisn’tarequirement？你能想出没有这个要求的一些工作吗？(1)requirementn．要求；所需要的东西meet/satisfyone’srequirements满足某人的需要(2)requirev．要求；需要requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事requiresth.ofsb.对某人有……要求requiredoing/tobedone需要被做注意：在require后面的宾语从句和requirement后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。(1)Inmyopinion，it’shardtomeet/satisfyhisrequirements.在我看来，很难满足他的要求。(2)Afterall，forcedwaitingrequirespatience.毕竟，被迫等待是需要耐心的。(2017·天津)(3)Thefloorrequireswashing/tobewashed(wash)．这地板该洗了。[单句改错](4)Theteacherrequiredthatallthestudentseq\f(arrived,arrive)bynoon.[一句多译](5)所有乘客被要求出示他们的票。①Allpassengersarerequiredtoshowtheirtickets.(简单句)②Itisrequiredthatallpassengers(should)showtheirtickets.(复合句)6．Ifeelthatairlinesshouldnotallownewbornbabiesaboardtheirlongdistanceflights.我认为航空公司不应该允许新出生的婴儿在他们的远程航班上。aboardprep.在飞机(船、火车、公共汽车)上；adv.上飞机(船、火车、公共汽车)goaboard上飞机(船、车等)(1)HetraveledaboardthespaceshuttleDiscovery.他乘坐“发现”号航天飞机进行太空旅行。(2)Shehasn’ttalkedtoBobsincehewentaboard.自从鲍勃登船(机)后，她没有跟他说过话。[易混辨析]aboard，abroad，board，broad※aboardprep.&adv.在(上)船(飞机、火车等)上※abroadadv.，adj.&n．在国外，到国外※boardvt.上船(飞机、火车等)※broadadj.宽广的；宽阔的；adv.宽阔地[选词填空]aboard，abroad，board，broad(3)Whendoyouthinkhewillebackfromabroad?(4)Thepassengersareboardingtheplanenow.(5)Theywerethelasttwotogoaboard.(6)Hehasverybroadshoulders.经典句式1．Whichstudentbelievesthatpeoplewhoworkwithputersarenotathleticbuttheyhavetobecreative?哪个学生认为做计算机工作的人不善于运动，但必须很有创造力？(1)not...but...不是……而是……，有两者对比的转折意思，用于连接两个并列的结构，如主语、表语和宾语等。(2)当not...but...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词一般要与就近的主语保持人称和数的一致。即“就近原则”。类似用法的还有：either...or...，neither....nor...；notonly...butalso...等。(1)I’mnotaphysicianbutanurse.我不是内科医生，而是一名护士。(2)Thevalueoflifeisnotwhatyou’vegainedbutwhatyou’vedone.生命的价值不在于你获得了什么，而在于你做了些什么。[单句改错](3)Inmyopinion，notyoubutheeq\f(are,is)toblameforit.2．Ifindthatveryhardtobelieve.我发现那难以置信。(1)此句中hardtobelieve这个“形容词＋动词不定式”结构在句中作宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质。(2)“宾语＋adj.＋todosth.”结构中的形容词为表示难易等的形容词：hard，difficult，impossible，easy，convenient，nice，tough，pleasant等。在这个结构中动词不定式中的动词与宾语有动宾关系，但使用主动形式。如果动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则需加上适当的介词。另外，这个结构还可在句中作表语。(1)Someteachersthinkmathsdifficultforsomestudentstostudy(study)．一些老师认为对有些学生来说数学很难学。(2)Theproblemsheputforwardatthemeetingisnecessarytoworkout.她在会上提出的这个问题有必要解决。[单句改错](3)Ihearthatthegirlishardtogetalongeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(with)).Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thegraphismonlyusedtoshow(show)percentages.(2015·浙江)2．Mostofthestudentsfoundthissentencehardtounderstand(understand)．3．IhaveadesiretogetajobwhereIcanusemyEnglish.4．Hisfatherusedtobeafamoustranslator(translate)．5．Hisassistant(assist)isverycareful，whichhelpshimalot.6．Theexpertshowedushissatisfaction(satisfy)withthisexperiment.7．Employmentgaveyoungwomenameasureofeconomicindependence(independent)．8．Themandesiredthathe(should)besent(send)totheearthquakestrickenareatohelpthoseinneed.9．Annesharpened(sharp)herpencilandgotoutherhomework.10．Whatistheentrancerequirement(require)forthiscourse?Ⅱ.完成句子11．这些指示我们很难遵从。Theinstructionsarehardforustofollow.12．她过去常常上学迟到，但现在她不再迟到了。Sheusedtobelateforschool.Butnowshedoesn’tgotoschoollateagain.13．我们的教室太脏了，需要打扫。Ourclassroomissodirtythatitrequirescleaning/tobecleaned.14．我们可以相信明年将是变革的一年。Wemayrelyonitthatnextyearisgoingtobeayearofchanges.15．重要的不是你所说的，而是你所做的。Itisnotwhatyousaybutwhatyoudothatmatters.Ⅲ.短文改错(2018·湖北襄阳四中高二月考)Ifyouareonthestreet，youwillseeallkindsofpeoplepassingby.It’snotraretoseepeoplewithbadmanner.Somethrowawayrubbishcasually.Somespitsinpublic.Someevensitorlieontheground，pletelyignoreothers’feelings.Peoplefeelreallybadlyaboutthebehavior.Tobehonesty，smokinginpublicplacesmakesmereallyannoying.Asitisknowntousall，smokingdoesharmforpeople’shealth.Notonlyisitbadforthesmokerhimself，butalsoitisthreattothepublichealth.Itwashopedthataneffectivewaycanbefoundtoeducatethesepeopletobehavewellinpublic.答案Ifyouareonthestreet，youwillseeallkindsofpeoplepassingby.It’snotraretoseepeoplewithbadeq\f(manner,manners).Somethrowawayrubbishcasually.Someeq\f(spits,spit)inpublic.Someevensitorlieontheground，pletelyeq\f(ignore,ignoring)others’feelings.Peoplefeelreallyeq\f(badly,bad)aboutthebehavior.Tobeeq\f(honesty,honest)，smokinginpublicplacesmakesmereallyeq\f(annoying,annoyed).Asitisknowntousall，smokingdoesharmeq\f(for,to)people’shealth.Notonlyisitbadforthesmokerhimself，butalsoitiseq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(a))threattothepublichealth.Iteq\f(was,is)hopedthataneffectivewaycanbefoundtoeducatethesepeopletobehavewellinpublic.Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·宁夏大学附中高二期中)FlorenceNightingalewasborninarichfamily.Whenshewasyoung，shetooklessonsinmusicanddrawing，andreadgreatbooks.Shealsotravelledagreatdealwithhermotherandfather.Asachild，shefeltthatvisitingsickpeoplewasbothadutyandapleasure.Sheenjoyedhelpingthem.Atlast，hermindwasmadeup.“I’mgoingtobeanurse，”shedecided.“Nursingisn’ttherightworkforalady，”herfathertoldher.“ThenIwillmakeitso，”shesmiled.AndshewenttolearnnursinginGermanyandFrance.WhenshereturnedtoEngland，Florencestartedanursinghomeforwomen.DuringtheCrimeanWarin1854，shewentwithagroupofthirtyeightnursestothefronthospital.Whattheysawtherewasterrible.Dirtanddeathwereeverywheretobeseenandsmelled.Theofficertheredidnotwantanywomantotellhimhowtorunahospital，either.Butthebravenurseswenttowork.Florenceusedherownmoneyandsomefromfriendstobuyclothes，beds，medicinesandfoodforthemen.Heronlypaywasthesmilesfromthelipsofdyingsoldiers.Buttheyweremorethanenoughforthiskindwoman.Afterwar，shereturnedtoEnglandandwashonouredforherservicebyQueenVictoria.ButFlorencesaidthatherworkhadjustbegun.SheraisedmoneytobuildtheNightingaleHomeforNursesinLondon.Shealsowroteabookonpublichealth，whichwasprintedinseveralcountries.FlorenceNightingalepassedawayattheageofninety，stilltryingtoserveothersthroughherworkasanurse.Indeed，itisbecauseofherthatwehonournursestoday.语篇解读本文介绍了护理行业的创始人——南丁格尔，她为了护理别人而奉献了自己的一生。1．Whenshewasachild，Florence.A．wroteabookonpublichealthB．knewwhatherdutyinlifewasC．lovedtohelpthesickpeopleD．wasmostinterestedinmusicanddrawing答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段可知，她很喜欢照顾病人。故C项正确。2．DuringtheCrimeanWarin1854，Florenceservedinthefronthospitalwhere.A．sheearnedalotofmoneyB．workwasverydifficultC．fewsoldiersdiedbecauseofherworkD．shedidn’thaveenoughfoodandclothes答案B解析细节理解题。根据第六段第二、三、四句可知，当时的工作条件很艰苦。故B项正确。3．WhywasFlorencehonouredbyQueenVictoria?A．BecauseshebuilttheNightingaleHomeforNurses.B．Becauseofheroldage.C．Becausesheworkedasanurseallherlife.D．BecauseshedidagreatdealofworkduringtheCrimeanWar.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，正是因为在战争中所做的事情让她受到了女王的表彰。故D正确。4．Thepassagecanbebestdescribedas.A．thelifestoryofafamouswomanB．adescriptionofthenursingworkC．anexampleofsuccessfuleducationD．thehistoryofnursinginEngland答案A解析主旨大意题。本文介绍了护理行业的创始人——南丁格尔，她为了护理别人而奉献了自己的一生。故A正确。B(2018·河北邯郸二中高二期中)WhenItalkedtosomebusinessmenearliertoday，onefellowaskedme，“Wouldyougivemoneytoahomelessperson，evenwhenyouknowhe’sgoingtouseittobuyalcohol？”Ireplied，“IfallIwasgivingwasmoney，it’llbeonething.Butforme，wheneverIdogivemoney，that’sjustthewrapping.Therealgiftishiddeninside—it’slove.AndIhaven’teverfoundanyreasontolimitgiftsoflove.”Bytheendofthenight，Idecidedtogetsomepizza.Infrontofmeinlinewasahomelesslookingman.Hewascountingthefewdollarsbillsinhishand，overandoveragain，untilitwashisturntoorder.Justthen，hetoldtheyoungwomanbehindthecounter，“I’llhavethefullcheesepizza.”“Full？”sheasked.“It’sreallybig，”sheadded，althoughwhatshereallymeanttosaywasthatit’dbetooexpensiveforhim.“Yeah，thefull.”“18.65，”shesaid.Thebillshewascountingweren’tgoingtomakeit.Iwasn’tintendingtogetthewholepizzaforhim.Butthinkingbacktomyconversationwiththebusinessman，Irealizedthatmoneywasreallyjustthewrapping.Imademymove.“Canyouchargethatpizzawithmyorder？”Isaidtothecashier.“Really？”thehomelesslookingmansaid.“Really？”theyoungwomanbehindthecounterrepeated.“Yes，really.”ThatconfusedmanandIhadasweetsilentmoment.TohissilentquestionofwhyIwasdoingit，Iadded，“Justpayitforwardforsomeoneelse.”Andhesaid，“Well，youknowwhat?Iwasactuallytreatingthosefivehomelessguysoutthere.”Hewasactuallypayingitforward，inthefirstplace.Whatanunexpectedfortunetogetachancetobeapartofaman’sactofkindness.语篇解读作者认为施予别人金钱不是最重要的，最重要的是这一行为背后隐含的爱。他也在买比萨时践行了这一观点。5．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A．Hebelievesnotmoneybutlovematters.B．Heismeanwithhismoney.C．Hecareslittleaboutmoney.D．Heseldomgivesmoneytothepoor.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Butforme，wheneverIdogivemoney，that’sjustthewrapping.Therealgiftishiddeninside—it’slove.AndIhaven’teverfoundanyreasontolimitgiftsoflove.”可知，作者认为钱并不是最重要的，隐含的爱才是最重要的。故选A。6．Whatmadetheauthordecidetohelptheman?A．Therequestfromthehomelesslookingman.B．Hissympathyforthehomelesslookingman.C．Hisrecallingthetalkwiththebusinessmanearlierthatday.D．Theurgencyfromtheyoungwomanbehindthecounter.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Iwasn’tintendingtogetthewholepizzaforhim.Butthinkingbacktomyconversationwiththebusinessman，Irealizedthatmoneywasreallyjustthewrapping.”可知，是作者回忆起了与商人的谈话使得他决定帮助这个人。故选C。7．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．MoneyWasJusttheWrappingB．HelpingaHomelessManC．ATalkwithaBusinessmanD．PayingItForward答案D解析标题归纳题。根据作者对故事的描述，特别是最后一段中的“‘Justpayitforwardforsomeoneelse.’Andhesaid...Hewasactuallypayingitforward，inthefirstplace.”可知，D项内容作为题目最合适。Ⅱ.完形填空(2017·黑龙江大庆中学高二期中)AfewyearsafterMomdied，Dadhandedmeaplasticbag.Thatevening，I8thebagtofinddozensofshells，eachone9inwhitetissuepaper(纸巾)andhavingMom’shandwriting.Theshellswerepretty10，buttoMom，theywereevidenceofherendlesslymagicallifeand11meoftheseashoretripwithher.Shewas61whenshe12theseshells，andalreadyshowing13ofthelungdisease.Weknewsomethingwas14andMomneededanadventure.Shesuggestedadinnerandamovie.ButtwofriendsandIhadbigger15.Momhadbeentotheoceanonlytwice，butshe16theseashore.Herkitchenwasdecoratedwithsouvenirsfromthosetwotrips.ItoldMomthatwewould17forJerseyShore.Momwasso18thatshescreamedandAmber，herdogwas19tojumpontothefloor.Oneofmyfavorite20ontheroadwasadiscussionaboutmovies.Momoftengotthetitleswrong.“Ohhhh，”shesaid，“whatwasthatmovieaboutateacherattheboys’school？”Beforeanyonecould21，sheshouted，“TheDeadMan’sPoet！”Ilookedbackandsawabackseatfullof22.“Mom，”Isaid.“YoumeanDeadPoetsSociety？”“That’sit！”Momyelled.23filledthecar.OncewegottoStoneHarbor，shebeganto24thetrip，greetingstrangersandspendinghoursgatheringshells.Themorningweleft，Ifoundherphotographingeveryinchofherbedroom.“Idon’teverwantto25this，”shesaid.Foralongtime，Mom’sshellsstayed26inadrawer.Lastmonth，I27themagainwhilesearchingforsomethingelse.Iputtheminavisibleplaceasareminderfromamotherwhoneverlosthersenseofwonder.eq\x(语篇解读作者看到母亲珍藏的贝壳想起了和母亲一起去海边旅游时经历的事情。)8．A.received B．openedC．checked D．packed答案B解析上文说父亲递给我一个塑料袋，所以此处指打开塑料袋。故选B。9．A.folded B．includedC．tra