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考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷270
一、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共20题,每题7.0
分,共20分。)
Thatmythicalbeast,homocconomicus,otherwisecalledEconomicman,isutterlyclear
aboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanonwork,andif
moneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,then
bountifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.
Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary
28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingto
theirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththe
averagewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens'commitmenttowork(gaugcdby
askingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregarded
ajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Theyfoundthatthemoregenerousastateisthe
keeneronworkitspeopleare.Britons,whosebenefitswereihestingiest(most
ungenerous)afterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofal)onwork.Onereason
maybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logically
enough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthanthe
unskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponwork
commitmcnt)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdocsnotentirelyexplaintheir
comparativeimmunitytotheattractionsoftoil:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelof
educationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounteq?artselsewhere.Couldthe
"dependencyculture"currentlyexercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraising
benefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,
inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformany
reasons.Thereportstatesthatthelavishnessofwhatthereportterms"encompassing"
states,allNordicwithLu:herantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrong
workethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.
Andworkincentivesareaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverall
generosity:^corporalist"statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewith
alongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuch
conditionality.Britain'spoorbenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofprevious
employment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasone
ofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.
1、Homoeconomicusischaracterizedas
A^economical.
B、lazy.
C、leisure-obsessed.
D^benefits-driven.
标准答案:D
知识点解析:推理判断题。根据Homoeconomicus定位到第一段。其中讲到“经济
人”深谙工作的目的——获得报酬,言外之意是其只受利益驱使,故D项正确。
2、Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?
A、Thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,themoregenerousastateis.
B、Peoplewhoarekeenonworkwillmaketheirstategenerous.
C、ThebenefitswhichBritonsgelwerethestingiest.
D、AmericansgotstingierbenefitsthanBritonsdid.
标准答案:C」「
知识点解析:推理判断题。答案在第二段。最后一句话提到“英国人紧随美国人之
后,获得的福利最微薄”,故C项正确。
3、Bysaying"theircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsoftoil"(Linc4,Paragraph
3),theauthormeans
A、Britonsarehealthyenoughnottofeelill.
B、Britonshavegoodimmunesystem.
C、Britonsarenotkeenonwork.
D、Rrifonsareafraidofhardwork.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:语义理解题。答案在第三段第五行。该句中冒号后面的内容是对前半
句的解释,即“每个社会阶层,每个教育层次的英国人对工作都更缺乏热情”,因此
C项正确。
4、AccordingtotheBritishSocialAttitudesReport,"encompassing"statesaregenerous
dueto
A^thedependencyculture.
B、astrongworkethic.
C、theriseofbenefits.
D^variousworkingattitudes.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:事实细节题。考查因果细节。根据"encompassing”states定位到第四
段。根据原文中lavishness...havebeenmadepossibleby...可知by后的内
容即为答题信息点。主要涉及对ratherthan词组的理解:否定它后面的,肯定前面
的astrongworkethic,因此B项正确。
5、Germanyismentionedinthelastparagraphtoshowthat
A、Germanypayshigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory.
B、corporatislstateslikeGermanyprovidebetterbenefitsthanBritain.
C、welfaresystemisalsolikelytoinfluenceworkincentives.
D、Germanyencouragespositiveworkattitudesbypayinghigherbenefits.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:事实细节题。考查例证细节。德国的例子表明“工龄较长的人能获得
更好的福利”,这实际上是为了说明该段中心句“工作的动力还会受到福利体制的特
点影响”,因此C项正确。
AstheSenatepreparestovoteonlegislationtoempowertheFoodandDrug
Administrationtoregulatetobaccoproducts,itsmemberswouldbewisetoconsulta
recentappealscourtdecision.Thedecisionmakesitclearthatthetobaccocompanies
haveengagedindeceitfulandharmfulbehaviorformanydecadesandcannotbetrusted
toreformontheirown.Regulatoryoversightisthebestchancetoreinthemin.The
unanimousrulingbyathree-judgepaneloftheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsforthe
DistrictofColumbiaupheldmajorelementsofa2006lowercourtdecisionthatfoundbig
tobaccocompaniesguiltyofracketeeringandfraudaspartofaprolongedcampaignto
deceiveandaddictthepublic.That1,742opinion,renderedbyJudgeGladys
Kessler,laidoutinpainstakingdetailhowthetobaccocompaniesmadefalsestatements
andsuppressedevidencetodenyorplaydowntheaddictivequalitiesandtheadverse
healtheffectsofsmoking.JudgeKesslerfoundthatthecompaniesmanipulatedthe
designofcigarettestodeliveraddictivedosesofnicotine,falselydeniedthatsecondhand
smokecauseddiseaseandfalselyrepresentedthatlightandlow-tarcigarettespresenzed
fewerhealthrisks.Theappealscourtnotonlyupheldherdecisionaslegallysound,it
seemeddeeplyimpressedbythe"volumesofevidence"and"countlessexamplesof
deliberatelyfalsestatements"underlyingmanyofJudgeKessler'sfindings.Italsoupheld
somebutnotallofthemarketingrestrictionsandotherrequirementssheimposedto
preventthecompaniesfrommakingfuturefalseclaimsandengaginginadditional
fraudulentactivities.Thecompaniesprotestedthattheyshouldnotbesubjectedtosuch
requirementsbecausetheyhadalreadyagreedtonumerousremediesunderasettlement
agreementwith46statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.Theappealspanelwasrightly
unimpressed.Itupheldthedistrictcourt'sfindingsthatafterthesettlementwentinto
effectin1998,thecompaniesalmostimmediatelybegantoevadeandviolatevarious
prohibitionsagainstjointactivitiesandfalsestatements.TheHousehasalreadyvotedto
givetheF.D.A.powertoregulatetobacco.Senators,whoaregettingreadytovoteon
similarlegislation,nowhavefairwarning,iftheyneededanymore,thatthisisa
dishonestindustry.Itcan'tbetrustedtobehaveresponsiblyorevenadheretoagreements
ithassigned.ItistimetogranttheF.D.A.thepowertoregulatethecontentand
marketingoftobaccoproducts.
6、Whywoulditbewiseforthesenatorstoconsultarecentappealscourtdecision
beforevoting?
A、Itrevealstosenatorstobaccocompanies,incompetenceinselfdiscipline.
B、Itmakesthesenatorslearnhowprofitablethetobaccoindustryis.
C、Ithelpsthesenatorsrealizethenecessityofregulatoryoversight.
D^Itpointsoutthattobaccocompanieshavebeenliarsformanydecades.
标准答案:c
知识点诵析:事实细节题。考查因果细节。根据wise定位到第一段,其中最后一
句明确说明对烟草公司进行监管是必要的,可见之所以说这样做是“明智的“,是由
于这项裁决能让参观员认识到对烟草行业进行监管的必要性,并促使他们投上赞成
票,故C项正确。
differentones.Thismeansavaccineordrugthatworksa-gainstoneoftheseviruses,or
onefamilyofviruses,isusuallyineffectiveagainstalltheothers.What'smore,because
coldsareusuallysomild,iftreatmentscauseevenminorsideeffectstheycanbeworse
thanthedisease.Suchtreatmentswillnevergetapprovalforgeneraluse,whichiswhy
mostcompaniesinsteadfocusondrugsthatrelievesymptoms.Nevertheless,somedrugs
andvaccinesarebeingdevelopedagainstthecoldvirusesmostlikelytoturnnasty.A
vaccineagainstRespiratorySyncytialVirus(RSV),aviruswhichcancauseserious
illnessinyoungchildrenandtheelderly,isgoingthroughclinicaltrials.Itconsistsofa
weakenedstrainofthevirusgivenasanasalspray.AtreatmentforRSVinfections,
basedonRNAinterference,isalsoindevelopment.However,treatmentsforspecific
virusesareuselessunlessyourcoldiscausedbythevirusinquestion—anddoctorshave
noquickwaytoworkoutwhichvirusistoblameforacold.Systemstodothisareunder
development,mostlybasedonlookingforspecificDNAorRNAsequences,butnoneare
neartoreachingthemarket.Analternativeapproachwouldbetokeeptakingdrugsthat
preventinfectionthroughoutthecoldseason,suchasaderivativeoftheanti-smallpox
drugcidofovirwhichhasbeenshowntocombatadenoviruses,virusesthatcancause
upperrespiratoryinfections.Butagain,asadenovirusesareonlyresponsibleforafew
percentofcolds,thebenefitshardlyjustifytheexpenseandriskofsideeffectsfrom
remainingonadrugpermanently.Shortofeveryoneontheplanetisolatingthemselves
fortwoorthreeweeks,soexistingcoldvirusesrunoutofhostsanddieout,itishardto
seehowwecaneverdefeatthecommoncold.Eventhen,newcoldviruseswouldevolve
intimefromanimalviruses.Someevenquestionwhetheritisdesirabletotryto
eliminatecolds."It'sblindspeculation,"saysJoelWeinstockofTuftsUniversityin
BostonintheUS,"butthecommoncoldmayprotectusfrommoreseriousviruses."An
occasionalsnifflemightbeapriceworthpayingifitkeepsourimmunedefensesprimed.
11、Thedrugsagainstcoldsareusuallyineffectivebecause
A^coldsareusuallynotserious.
B、drugscanonlyrelievetheillness.
C^drugsagainstsomeviruseshavesideeffects.
D^hundredsofvirusescanleadtocolds.
标准答案:D
知识点解析:事实细节题。考查因果细节,根据ineffective定位到第一段。其中讲
到引发普通感冒的不是一种病毒,而是几百种不同的病毒,故D项与之相符。
12、Thephrase"turnnasty"(Line2,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeansthatthecold
virusescouldbe
A^unpleasantanddisgusting.
B>fruitlessanddisappointing.
C、dangerousandsevere.
D^ineffectiveandpainful.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:语义理解题。根据题干定位在第二段。mostlikelytoturnnasty是定
语,修饰前面的co的viruses,上文说coldscankill(感冒可致人死亡),下文例证提
到RSV病毒可.使老人、儿童患重疾,由此U推知lurnnasly表示感冒病毒会“越变
越危险”,故选C项。
13、Itcouldbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat
A、specificDNAorRNAsequencesaredevelopedtodetecttheviruses.
B、itisnotaquickwaytolookforDNAsequences.
C、systemstodetectvirusesareworkingtoenterthemarket.
D、treatmentsforsomespecificvirusaresuccessful.
标准答案:D
知识点解析:推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段。其中讲到治疗特定病毒的药物
丝毫不起作用。除非感冒是由被怀疑病毒所致,故D项正确,表示针对某些特定
病毒的治疗是有效的。
14、Keepingtakingdrugsthatpreventinfectionthroughoutthecoldseasonwill
A^cureinfectioncompletely.
B、becomeinexpensiveinthelongrun.
C、increasetheriskofaddictiontodrugs.
D、havemoresideeffectsthanotherchoices.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:推理判断题。根据题干定位到第四段。最后一句明确指出,这种方法
可能带来某种风险,即药物性依赖这一副作用,故C项与之相符。
15、AccordingtoJoelWeinstock,it'simpossibleandunnecessaryto
A^trytogetridofthecommoncold
producevaccinestodefeatcold.
C>protectusfromcommoncold.
D^protectusfrommoreseriousviruses.
标准答案:A
知识点解析:观点态度题。属于文中人物的观点,从最后一段可以推断出乔尔・温
斯托克认为普通感冒也可能给人带来一些益处,原文的“盲目的推断”表明试图消除
感冒是不可能的,也是没有必要的,A项正确。
Theirdefenderssaytheyaremotivated,versatileworkerswhoarejustwhatcompanies
needinthesedifficulttimes.Toothers,however,themembersof"GenerationY"—those
borninthe1980sand1990s,otherwiseknownastheNetGeneration-arespoiled,
narcissisticidlerswhocannotspellandwastetoomuchtimeoninstantmessagingand
Facebook.Ah,replytheNetGcncrs,butallthatmessingaroundonlineprovesthatwc
arecomputer-literatemulti-taskerswhoareadeptusersofonlinecollaborativetools,and
naturalteamplayers.And,whileyouareonthesubjectofme,Ineedamonth'svacation
toreconsidermypersonalgoals.Thiscultureclashhasbeengoingoninmany
organizationsandhaslatelyseepedintomanagementbooks.TheNetGenershavegrown
upwithcomputers;theyarebrimmingwithself-confidence;andtheyhavebeen
encouragedtochallengereceivedwisdom,tofindtheirownsolutionstoproblemsandto
treatworkasaroutetopersonalfulfillmentratherthanmerelyawayofputtingfoodon
thetabic.Notallofthismakesthemeasytomanage.Bossescomplainthataftera
childhoodofbeingspoiledandpraised,NetGenersdemandfarmorefrequentfeedback
andanover-precisesetofobjectivesonthepathtopromotion.Inanewreportfrom
PricewaterhouseCoopers,aconsultancy,61%ofchiefexecutivessaytheyhavetrouble
recruitingandintegratingyoungeremployees.Forthosehard-to-pleaseoldermanagers,
thecurrentrecessionisthejoyfulequivalentofhidinganalarmclockinasleeping
teenager'sbedroom.Onceagain,thetouchy-feelymanagementfadsthatalwaysspringup
inyearsofplentyarebeingditchedinfavorofmorebrutalcommand-and-control
methods.Havinggrownupingoodtimes,NetGcncrshavelaboredundertheillusionthat
theworldowedthemaliving.Buthoppingbetweenjobstofindonethatmeetsyour
innerspiritualneedsisnotsoeasywhentherearenojobstohopto.Andasforthat
vacation:here'sapermanentone,sunshine.Infact,compromisewillbenecessaryon
bothsides.NetGenerswillcertainlyhavetolowersomeoftheirexpectationsandtake
theworldasitis,notastheywouldlikeittobe.Buttheirolderbossesshouldalsobe
preparedtomakeconcessions.Theeconomywilleventuallyrecover,anddemographic
trendsinmostrichcountrieswillmakecleveryoungworkersevenmorevaluable.
Besides,manyofthethingsthatkeepNetGenershappyareworthdoinganyway.Butfor
themomentatleast,theFacebook-ersareunderheavycriticism.
16>IntheeyesofthecriticsoftheNetGeneration,theNetGenersarecharacterizedas
A、aiml
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