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考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷270

一、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共20题,每题7.0

分,共20分。)

Thatmythicalbeast,homocconomicus,otherwisecalledEconomicman,isutterlyclear

aboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanonwork,andif

moneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,then

bountifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.

Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary

28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingto

theirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththe

averagewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens'commitmenttowork(gaugcdby

askingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregarded

ajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Theyfoundthatthemoregenerousastateisthe

keeneronworkitspeopleare.Britons,whosebenefitswereihestingiest(most

ungenerous)afterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofal)onwork.Onereason

maybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logically

enough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthanthe

unskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponwork

commitmcnt)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdocsnotentirelyexplaintheir

comparativeimmunitytotheattractionsoftoil:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelof

educationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounteq?artselsewhere.Couldthe

"dependencyculture"currentlyexercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraising

benefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,

inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformany

reasons.Thereportstatesthatthelavishnessofwhatthereportterms"encompassing"

states,allNordicwithLu:herantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrong

workethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.

Andworkincentivesareaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverall

generosity:^corporalist"statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewith

alongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuch

conditionality.Britain'spoorbenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofprevious

employment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasone

ofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.

1、Homoeconomicusischaracterizedas

A^economical.

B、lazy.

C、leisure-obsessed.

D^benefits-driven.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:推理判断题。根据Homoeconomicus定位到第一段。其中讲到“经济

人”深谙工作的目的——获得报酬,言外之意是其只受利益驱使,故D项正确。

2、Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?

A、Thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,themoregenerousastateis.

B、Peoplewhoarekeenonworkwillmaketheirstategenerous.

C、ThebenefitswhichBritonsgelwerethestingiest.

D、AmericansgotstingierbenefitsthanBritonsdid.

标准答案:C」「

知识点解析:推理判断题。答案在第二段。最后一句话提到“英国人紧随美国人之

后,获得的福利最微薄”,故C项正确。

3、Bysaying"theircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsoftoil"(Linc4,Paragraph

3),theauthormeans

A、Britonsarehealthyenoughnottofeelill.

B、Britonshavegoodimmunesystem.

C、Britonsarenotkeenonwork.

D、Rrifonsareafraidofhardwork.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:语义理解题。答案在第三段第五行。该句中冒号后面的内容是对前半

句的解释,即“每个社会阶层,每个教育层次的英国人对工作都更缺乏热情”,因此

C项正确。

4、AccordingtotheBritishSocialAttitudesReport,"encompassing"statesaregenerous

dueto

A^thedependencyculture.

B、astrongworkethic.

C、theriseofbenefits.

D^variousworkingattitudes.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:事实细节题。考查因果细节。根据"encompassing”states定位到第四

段。根据原文中lavishness...havebeenmadepossibleby...可知by后的内

容即为答题信息点。主要涉及对ratherthan词组的理解:否定它后面的,肯定前面

的astrongworkethic,因此B项正确。

5、Germanyismentionedinthelastparagraphtoshowthat

A、Germanypayshigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory.

B、corporatislstateslikeGermanyprovidebetterbenefitsthanBritain.

C、welfaresystemisalsolikelytoinfluenceworkincentives.

D、Germanyencouragespositiveworkattitudesbypayinghigherbenefits.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:事实细节题。考查例证细节。德国的例子表明“工龄较长的人能获得

更好的福利”,这实际上是为了说明该段中心句“工作的动力还会受到福利体制的特

点影响”,因此C项正确。

AstheSenatepreparestovoteonlegislationtoempowertheFoodandDrug

Administrationtoregulatetobaccoproducts,itsmemberswouldbewisetoconsulta

recentappealscourtdecision.Thedecisionmakesitclearthatthetobaccocompanies

haveengagedindeceitfulandharmfulbehaviorformanydecadesandcannotbetrusted

toreformontheirown.Regulatoryoversightisthebestchancetoreinthemin.The

unanimousrulingbyathree-judgepaneloftheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsforthe

DistrictofColumbiaupheldmajorelementsofa2006lowercourtdecisionthatfoundbig

tobaccocompaniesguiltyofracketeeringandfraudaspartofaprolongedcampaignto

deceiveandaddictthepublic.That1,742opinion,renderedbyJudgeGladys

Kessler,laidoutinpainstakingdetailhowthetobaccocompaniesmadefalsestatements

andsuppressedevidencetodenyorplaydowntheaddictivequalitiesandtheadverse

healtheffectsofsmoking.JudgeKesslerfoundthatthecompaniesmanipulatedthe

designofcigarettestodeliveraddictivedosesofnicotine,falselydeniedthatsecondhand

smokecauseddiseaseandfalselyrepresentedthatlightandlow-tarcigarettespresenzed

fewerhealthrisks.Theappealscourtnotonlyupheldherdecisionaslegallysound,it

seemeddeeplyimpressedbythe"volumesofevidence"and"countlessexamplesof

deliberatelyfalsestatements"underlyingmanyofJudgeKessler'sfindings.Italsoupheld

somebutnotallofthemarketingrestrictionsandotherrequirementssheimposedto

preventthecompaniesfrommakingfuturefalseclaimsandengaginginadditional

fraudulentactivities.Thecompaniesprotestedthattheyshouldnotbesubjectedtosuch

requirementsbecausetheyhadalreadyagreedtonumerousremediesunderasettlement

agreementwith46statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.Theappealspanelwasrightly

unimpressed.Itupheldthedistrictcourt'sfindingsthatafterthesettlementwentinto

effectin1998,thecompaniesalmostimmediatelybegantoevadeandviolatevarious

prohibitionsagainstjointactivitiesandfalsestatements.TheHousehasalreadyvotedto

givetheF.D.A.powertoregulatetobacco.Senators,whoaregettingreadytovoteon

similarlegislation,nowhavefairwarning,iftheyneededanymore,thatthisisa

dishonestindustry.Itcan'tbetrustedtobehaveresponsiblyorevenadheretoagreements

ithassigned.ItistimetogranttheF.D.A.thepowertoregulatethecontentand

marketingoftobaccoproducts.

6、Whywoulditbewiseforthesenatorstoconsultarecentappealscourtdecision

beforevoting?

A、Itrevealstosenatorstobaccocompanies,incompetenceinselfdiscipline.

B、Itmakesthesenatorslearnhowprofitablethetobaccoindustryis.

C、Ithelpsthesenatorsrealizethenecessityofregulatoryoversight.

D^Itpointsoutthattobaccocompanieshavebeenliarsformanydecades.

标准答案:c

知识点诵析:事实细节题。考查因果细节。根据wise定位到第一段,其中最后一

句明确说明对烟草公司进行监管是必要的,可见之所以说这样做是“明智的“,是由

于这项裁决能让参观员认识到对烟草行业进行监管的必要性,并促使他们投上赞成

票,故C项正确。

differentones.Thismeansavaccineordrugthatworksa-gainstoneoftheseviruses,or

onefamilyofviruses,isusuallyineffectiveagainstalltheothers.What'smore,because

coldsareusuallysomild,iftreatmentscauseevenminorsideeffectstheycanbeworse

thanthedisease.Suchtreatmentswillnevergetapprovalforgeneraluse,whichiswhy

mostcompaniesinsteadfocusondrugsthatrelievesymptoms.Nevertheless,somedrugs

andvaccinesarebeingdevelopedagainstthecoldvirusesmostlikelytoturnnasty.A

vaccineagainstRespiratorySyncytialVirus(RSV),aviruswhichcancauseserious

illnessinyoungchildrenandtheelderly,isgoingthroughclinicaltrials.Itconsistsofa

weakenedstrainofthevirusgivenasanasalspray.AtreatmentforRSVinfections,

basedonRNAinterference,isalsoindevelopment.However,treatmentsforspecific

virusesareuselessunlessyourcoldiscausedbythevirusinquestion—anddoctorshave

noquickwaytoworkoutwhichvirusistoblameforacold.Systemstodothisareunder

development,mostlybasedonlookingforspecificDNAorRNAsequences,butnoneare

neartoreachingthemarket.Analternativeapproachwouldbetokeeptakingdrugsthat

preventinfectionthroughoutthecoldseason,suchasaderivativeoftheanti-smallpox

drugcidofovirwhichhasbeenshowntocombatadenoviruses,virusesthatcancause

upperrespiratoryinfections.Butagain,asadenovirusesareonlyresponsibleforafew

percentofcolds,thebenefitshardlyjustifytheexpenseandriskofsideeffectsfrom

remainingonadrugpermanently.Shortofeveryoneontheplanetisolatingthemselves

fortwoorthreeweeks,soexistingcoldvirusesrunoutofhostsanddieout,itishardto

seehowwecaneverdefeatthecommoncold.Eventhen,newcoldviruseswouldevolve

intimefromanimalviruses.Someevenquestionwhetheritisdesirabletotryto

eliminatecolds."It'sblindspeculation,"saysJoelWeinstockofTuftsUniversityin

BostonintheUS,"butthecommoncoldmayprotectusfrommoreseriousviruses."An

occasionalsnifflemightbeapriceworthpayingifitkeepsourimmunedefensesprimed.

11、Thedrugsagainstcoldsareusuallyineffectivebecause

A^coldsareusuallynotserious.

B、drugscanonlyrelievetheillness.

C^drugsagainstsomeviruseshavesideeffects.

D^hundredsofvirusescanleadtocolds.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:事实细节题。考查因果细节,根据ineffective定位到第一段。其中讲

到引发普通感冒的不是一种病毒,而是几百种不同的病毒,故D项与之相符。

12、Thephrase"turnnasty"(Line2,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeansthatthecold

virusescouldbe

A^unpleasantanddisgusting.

B>fruitlessanddisappointing.

C、dangerousandsevere.

D^ineffectiveandpainful.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:语义理解题。根据题干定位在第二段。mostlikelytoturnnasty是定

语,修饰前面的co的viruses,上文说coldscankill(感冒可致人死亡),下文例证提

到RSV病毒可.使老人、儿童患重疾,由此U推知lurnnasly表示感冒病毒会“越变

越危险”,故选C项。

13、Itcouldbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat

A、specificDNAorRNAsequencesaredevelopedtodetecttheviruses.

B、itisnotaquickwaytolookforDNAsequences.

C、systemstodetectvirusesareworkingtoenterthemarket.

D、treatmentsforsomespecificvirusaresuccessful.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段。其中讲到治疗特定病毒的药物

丝毫不起作用。除非感冒是由被怀疑病毒所致,故D项正确,表示针对某些特定

病毒的治疗是有效的。

14、Keepingtakingdrugsthatpreventinfectionthroughoutthecoldseasonwill

A^cureinfectioncompletely.

B、becomeinexpensiveinthelongrun.

C、increasetheriskofaddictiontodrugs.

D、havemoresideeffectsthanotherchoices.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:推理判断题。根据题干定位到第四段。最后一句明确指出,这种方法

可能带来某种风险,即药物性依赖这一副作用,故C项与之相符。

15、AccordingtoJoelWeinstock,it'simpossibleandunnecessaryto

A^trytogetridofthecommoncold

producevaccinestodefeatcold.

C>protectusfromcommoncold.

D^protectusfrommoreseriousviruses.

标准答案:A

知识点解析:观点态度题。属于文中人物的观点,从最后一段可以推断出乔尔・温

斯托克认为普通感冒也可能给人带来一些益处,原文的“盲目的推断”表明试图消除

感冒是不可能的,也是没有必要的,A项正确。

Theirdefenderssaytheyaremotivated,versatileworkerswhoarejustwhatcompanies

needinthesedifficulttimes.Toothers,however,themembersof"GenerationY"—those

borninthe1980sand1990s,otherwiseknownastheNetGeneration-arespoiled,

narcissisticidlerswhocannotspellandwastetoomuchtimeoninstantmessagingand

Facebook.Ah,replytheNetGcncrs,butallthatmessingaroundonlineprovesthatwc

arecomputer-literatemulti-taskerswhoareadeptusersofonlinecollaborativetools,and

naturalteamplayers.And,whileyouareonthesubjectofme,Ineedamonth'svacation

toreconsidermypersonalgoals.Thiscultureclashhasbeengoingoninmany

organizationsandhaslatelyseepedintomanagementbooks.TheNetGenershavegrown

upwithcomputers;theyarebrimmingwithself-confidence;andtheyhavebeen

encouragedtochallengereceivedwisdom,tofindtheirownsolutionstoproblemsandto

treatworkasaroutetopersonalfulfillmentratherthanmerelyawayofputtingfoodon

thetabic.Notallofthismakesthemeasytomanage.Bossescomplainthataftera

childhoodofbeingspoiledandpraised,NetGenersdemandfarmorefrequentfeedback

andanover-precisesetofobjectivesonthepathtopromotion.Inanewreportfrom

PricewaterhouseCoopers,aconsultancy,61%ofchiefexecutivessaytheyhavetrouble

recruitingandintegratingyoungeremployees.Forthosehard-to-pleaseoldermanagers,

thecurrentrecessionisthejoyfulequivalentofhidinganalarmclockinasleeping

teenager'sbedroom.Onceagain,thetouchy-feelymanagementfadsthatalwaysspringup

inyearsofplentyarebeingditchedinfavorofmorebrutalcommand-and-control

methods.Havinggrownupingoodtimes,NetGcncrshavelaboredundertheillusionthat

theworldowedthemaliving.Buthoppingbetweenjobstofindonethatmeetsyour

innerspiritualneedsisnotsoeasywhentherearenojobstohopto.Andasforthat

vacation:here'sapermanentone,sunshine.Infact,compromisewillbenecessaryon

bothsides.NetGenerswillcertainlyhavetolowersomeoftheirexpectationsandtake

theworldasitis,notastheywouldlikeittobe.Buttheirolderbossesshouldalsobe

preparedtomakeconcessions.Theeconomywilleventuallyrecover,anddemographic

trendsinmostrichcountrieswillmakecleveryoungworkersevenmorevaluable.

Besides,manyofthethingsthatkeepNetGenershappyareworthdoinganyway.Butfor

themomentatleast,theFacebook-ersareunderheavycriticism.

16>IntheeyesofthecriticsoftheNetGeneration,theNetGenersarecharacterizedas

A、aiml

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