北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高三年级上册期中英语试卷（原卷版）

北京市朝阳区2023〜2024学年度第一学期期中质量检测

高三英语

（考试时间90分钟满分100分）

本试卷共io页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在

答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Lastnightwasthelastgameformyson'ssoccerteam.Everyoneintheteamhadtrainedveryhardfbritand

thusconfidentlyexpectedabigwin.

Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson'steamintheIParentsencircledthefield,

offeringencouragement.Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinfrontofmyson'steammate,Mickey

O'Donnell.Withshoutsof"2it!”acrossthefield,Mickeytookthechanceandgaveiteverythinghehad.All

roundmetheurowderupted.Hehad3!

However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe4goal,endingthegameinadtaw.

Foramomenttherewastotal5Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.Yousee,MickeyhasDown'ssyndrome,

aconditioninwhichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,andforhimallgoalsshouldbecelebrated.He

had6beenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhentheywonapoint.

Notknowingwhatwashappening,Mickeyranovertomysonexcitedly,4<Imadeit!Imadeit!Everybodywon!”

For£momentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwould7Ineednothaveworried.Iwatched,through

tears,myson8hishandintheclassichigh-fivcgestureandstartedshouting,WaytogoMickey!Waytogo

Mickey!”WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMickeyjoiningmysonto9himonhisgoal.

Laterthatnight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadwon,IsmiledasIreplied,“Itwasa10.

Everybodywon.”

I.A.wayB.positionC.leadD.back

2.A.LeaveB.PickC.ThrowD.Kick

3.A.missedB.scoredC.performedD.slipped

4.A.clearB.wrongC.specificD.decisive

5.A.silenceB.angerC.whisperD.laughter

6.A.ratherB.hardlyC.almostD.even

7.A.admitB.reactC.guessD.defend

8.A.drewbackB.putdownC.lookedatD.threwup

9.A.congratulateB.comfortC.consultD.instiuct

10A.reliefB.keyC.tieD.pity

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

A

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写I个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Inmyearlyyearsatschool,Ihadtroublewithsomesubjects.SometimesIwouldgetan"F"andthatwould

makeme11(real)scared.WhatIusedtodowastumthe"F”intoa"B"12(please)myparents.

However,itdidn'tworkoutandfinallyIwascaughtdoingthat.ThenIknewIhadtoacceptthatfailureandlearn

fromit,soI13(take)apositiveapproach.Naturallythatturnedintoa、'B"andthatUBMturnedintoan

“A”.

B

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Gatheracoupleoffriendsandtakealeisurelywalkthroughthestreets-thisis14manyyoungsters

enjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.Tothem,citywalkmeanswanderingaroundthecityonfool.Participantscan

followadistinctiveurbanroute.15(explore)thecityattheirownpace.Comparedwith

famous16(spot)andbigcrowds,theyprefertogainamoreinclusiveexperienceoftheplacestheyvisit.

C

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写I个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Technologyisconstantlyadvancing.17weimaginedityearsagocannotkeepupwithitspaceof

development.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,18thesetechnologiesarenow

successfullycomingintobeing.Anautonomouscar,also19(know)asaself-drivingcar,canperfonr.all

fnnclionsrelatedtoeverydaydriving;in(lparkingIfisatechnologythatsensestheenvironmentuponentering

thedestination,20(find)itswaywithouthumanintervention.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该

项涂黑。

A

Ahearingaidisasmallelectronicdeviceyouwearinorbehindyoureartomakesoundslouder.Ahearingaid

hasthreebasicparts:amicrophone,anamplifierandaspeaker.Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,

whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthemtoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepower

ofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.Therearethreestylesofhearingaids.

•Behind-the-ear(BTE)aidsareuseebypeopleofallages.“Mini"BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopen-fit

aidsfitbehindtheearcompletely,withanaiTowtubeintotheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,

somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound“pluggedup”.

•In-the-ear(ITE)aidsfitcompletelyinsidetheouterear.SomeITEaidsmayhaveaddedfeatures,suchasa

telecoilthatallowsuserstoreceivesouncthroughthecircuitryofthehearingaid,ratherthanthroughitsmicrophone.

•Canalaidsfitintotheearcanalandareavailableintwostyles.In-the-canal(1TC)aidsaremadetofitthesize

andshapeoftheearcanal.Completely-in-canal(CIC)aidsarehiddenintheearcanal.

Thehearingaidthatwillworkbesiforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.Priceisalsoakey

consideration.However,justbecauseonehearingaidismoreexpensivethananotherdoesnotnecessarilymeanihat

itwillbettersuityourneeds.Otherfeaturestoconsiderincludepartsorservicescoveredbytheguarantee,estimated

costsforrepair,andthehearingaidcompany'sreputationforqualityandsenice.

Formoreinformation,contact:nidcdinfo@.

21.Whathelpsstrengthenthepowerofelectricalsignalsinahearingaid?

A.Themicrophone.B.Theamplifier.

C.Thespeaker.D.Thetelecoii.

22.Ifpreferringahearingaidthatkeepstheearcanalopen,youcanchoose.

A.“Mini”BTEB.In-the-earaids

C.In-the-canalaidsD.Completely-in-canalaids

23.lbbuyasuitablehearingaid,youshould.

A.increaseyourestimatedcostsB.findtheonewithmorefeatures

C.giveintotheafter-saleservicesD.consideryourneedsandlifestyle

B

BrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoftenshoutingonthe

stieeicorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.Petersonwouldpasstheguyonhiswaytowork,buttheynever

spoke.

Oneday,PetersonwasreadingtheDookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredby

thebook'scompassionate（行同情心的）message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoing（ogooutside

andintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMattFaris.He'dmovedtoCaliforniatopursueacareerinmusic,but

heendeduplivingonthestreet.

“Itwasthestrangestthingtome“Petersonrecalled.sawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn'tshavedor

takenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme."AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,

hadn'tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintlaris'sportrait（肖］家）.banssaidyes.

ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-profitcrganizaiionfocusedonbefriendingand

paintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportraits,puttingtheincomeintowhathecallsa"love

account^^forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirleet.

ManyofPeterson'snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessitiesmedicalcare,hotelrooms,

and（bod.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittorecordanalbum（专辑）,realizinghismusicaldreams.Another

subject,Sondoval,whohadneverbeenabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter,usedthemoneytopayherdaugh匕r's

SinceFacesofSantaAnawasestablished,Petersonhaspainted41ofalltheportraits.Butthere'smoretothe

finishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho'sdownandout.He'sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstend

toconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymight

haveotherwisestereotyped（持固有观念）oroverlooked.4iPeopleoftentellme,kIwastheonethatwouldcrossthe

street.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,,MPetersonsays.UIdidn'tknowthatwouldhappen.^^

24.HowdidPetersonfeelaboutthehomelessmanafterreadingthebook?

A.Annoyed.B.Amazed.C.Concerned.D.Confused.

25.AftertalkingwithFaris,Petersondecidedto.

A.payforhisrentB.recordanalbum

C.gotoanartschoolD.painthisportrait

26.HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?

A.H?foundednnon-profitorgnnizntion.RHeboughtimmediatenecessitiesforthem.

C.Hedonatedmoneytorelatedorganizations.D.Hetaughtthemhowtorealizetheirdreams.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Prejudiceblocksdreams.B.Wealthcanmakepeoplewise.

C.Sympathycanbreakstereotypes.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

c

“WhenIstoppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldrecommendvisitorstogo

tosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustreceivedblankstares.Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthe

city,sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks/'saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,a

growingfieldoftenrefeiTedtoas“sensoryurbanism”.

Aroundtheworld,researcherslikeHowesareinvestigatinghownon-visualinformationdefinesthecharacter

ofacityandaffectsitslivability.Usingmethodsrangingfromlow-techsoundwalkstodatacollecting,wearables

（clothingorglassesthatcontaincomputertechnology）,andvirtualreality,they'refightingwhattheyseeasalimiting

visualpreferenceinurbanplanning.

“Justbeingabletocloseyoureyesfbr10minutesgivesyouatotallydifferentfeelingaboutaplace,''saysOguz

Oner,anacademicandmusician.HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribe

whattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawave。唁an

couldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassuiprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardly

hear,evenalongthewaterfront.

Althoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyet.thiskindofindividualfeedback（反

馈）aboutthesensoryenvironmentisalreadybeingpul（ouseinBerlin,wherequietareasidentifiedbycitizensusing

afreemobileapphavebeenincludedin:hecity'slatestnoiseactionplan.

Thebestwaytodeterminehowpeoplereacttodifferentsensoryenvironmentsisasubjectofsomedebatewithin

thefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservationandinterviewstodevelopasetofbestpracticesforgood

sensorydesigninpublicspaces.Otherresearchersaregoingmorehightech,usingwearablestotrackbiologicaldata

likeheart-ratevariabilitytorevealdifterentsensoryexperiences.

Asdatacollectionaboutpeople'ssensoryexperiencesbecomesmorewidespread,manyoftheseexpertswarn

thatconcernsaboutprivacyandsurveillance（监视）needtobetakenintoaccount.Issuesoffairnessandinclusion

alsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.^Sensoryawarenessis

notindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyand

socially/'saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.

DegencitestheexampleofaLondonneighborhoodwhereinexpensiverestaurantsforlocalyouthwerereplaced

bytrendycafes.4'Itusedtosmelllikefriedchicken,^^shesays,butnewerresidentsfoundthatsmellannoyingrather

thanwelcoming.tkNowitsmellslikethepopularItaliancoffee,cappuccinos.”

28.Theunderlinedphrase“blankstares''inParagraph1impliesthat.

A.Montrealislackinginvisualappeal

B.MontreaPsnon-visualinformationisignored

C.th?tourismofficersobjecttosensoryurbanism

D.therearetoomanytouristattractionstorecommend

29.Whatcanweleanifromthepassage?

A.Manymethodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.

B.Potentialconcernsaboutcollectingdatacanberelieved.

C.Peoplemayhiiltonoticesoundattractionseveninbetterlocations.

D.Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsensoryenvironment.

30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.People'sperceptionsoftheirsensorysurroundingsaresubjective.

B.Sensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevelopingsensoryfacilities.

C.Sensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecharacterofacity.

D.Choicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdependontourists.

D

Inthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardener'ssoncowpox（±F痘）andthen

deliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox（天花）totesthisassumptionihatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedto

cowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.Itworkedandcowpoxasthevaccine（疫苗）

washighlyefYective."Vaccination”,fromtheLatinwordforcow,soonbecamecommonplace.

Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionally

exposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.Thingshavechangedalot

sinceJenner'stime,ofcourse,whenitwasnotuncommonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,

there'sthecontinuoussensethatthere'ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsemeoneillonpurpose.

Butthisshouldn'tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbecomeincreasirgly

importantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatof

diseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.

Muchhasbeendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratorysyncytialvirus（RSV）,researchers

haveinvolvedadultswhoareatalowriskofsevereillness.Theseactshavealreadycutdownamassiverangeof

vaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworldwillsoonhavethefirstvaccinesagainstRSV,whichkillstensof

thousandsofnewbombabieseachyear.Butnotalldiseasesareliketheseones.Wedon'talwaysknowthedangers

volunteersmightface;wedon,talwayshavetreatmentsready.Whatthen?

Wecould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,andrelyonethertypesofresearch.Butthatdoesn't

alwayswork:sometimes,animaltestingistrickyanduninformative,becausethediseasedoesn'tdevelopinthesame

wayasitwouldinhumans.Incontrast,challengetrialscanbedeeplyinformativewithinweeks,withfarfewer

volunteers.Andthebenefitscanbesurpnsinglyhigh.Takethelatestpandemic.Attheendoflastyear,asthenuirber

ofdeathsisestimatedtohavereachedabout17.8million,it'salsoestimatedthat20millionhadbeensavedby

vaccines.Intheyearstocome,theywillhopefullysavemillionsmore.

Inordertomakesureweareasprotectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshouldtrytogetridof

themisbeliefinchallengetrials,makingthemamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofall

wouldbetomakesureparticipants'effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtrialstobefairandeffectiveandapplying

themwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillions

oflives.

31.TheauthortellsthestoryofEdwardJennermainlyto.

A.giveadefinitionofchallengetrials

B.introducethetopicofchallengetrials

C.highlighttheeffectivenessofhisvaccine

D.explaintheoriginoftheword"vaccination”

32.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Theissuesbehindchallengetrialscanbesolved.

B.Thedangersofchallengetrialsoutweighthebenefitstheybring.

C.Challengetrialscanbenefitnumerouslivesinspiteoftheirrisks.

D.Challengetrialscansethackthedevelopmentofvaccinetechnologies.

33Whatdocstheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Peopleshouldstillbecarefulaboutchallengetrials.

B.Amoreopenattitudeshouldbetakentowardschallengetrials.

C.Challengetrialsguaranteeparticipantsprotectionagainstthreats.

D.Morevolunteersinvolvedcanimprovetheaccuracyofchallengetrials.

44.WhichwouldhethebesttitleforIhepassage?

A.Shouldweusechallengetrialstofindcures?

B.Canchallengetrialsbeablocktomecicalprogress?

C.Canchallengetrialsbetheendofinfectiousdiseases?

D.Shouldwereplaceanimaltestingwithchallengetrials?

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂

黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Manyofussetgoals,butsometimeswefailtoachievethem.Therearemanycauseswhywedon'tmanageto

realizeourgoals.35Thereisaway,though,tohelpaddressthisproblem:setreminders.Peopleemploya

psychologicalstrategycalledcognitive（认知的）offloading,wherewcuseaphysicalactiontoreducedemandson

ourbrain.Specifically,wemayoutsourceourintentionsfrombeingstoredinourbrainstoremindersoutsideour

head36

Understandingthebenefitsofcognitiveoffloadingcanimproveourabilitytorememberandfollowthroughwith

ouriitentions.I*hebiggestbenefitissimplythatitimprovesniemoiyperformance.Itincreasestheprobabilitythat

wewillworktowardsthegoalsweneedtoreach.37"Themoreweoffloadunimportantinformation,such

asitemsonashoppinglist,themorewecanuseourbrainforthosemoresignificantcognitivetasks,suchascreativity,''

saidSamGilbert,professorattheUniversityCollegeLondon.

38Stilltherearepotentialnegativepartsforit.Wearemoreiikelytoforgetwhatweoffloadedifwe

noIcngeraccessourstorage,suchaswhenoursmartphonedies.Wealsotendtooffloadtheimportantthingswe

mostwantioremember.Inasurprisetestwheretheirreminderswerewipedclean,theparticipantsweremorelikely

toforgettheimportantitemsandrecall'heunimportantones,thatis,Ihemoreimportanttheintentionwewantlo

remember,ihemorelikelywearetooffloadit—andtoforgetit.

We'dbettertendtocreatereminderswhenwethinkweneedthem,butnotnecessarilywhenwedoneedthem.

39"Ifourunderstandingofourmemoryabilityiswrong,thissuggeststhatwewilleitheroveruseor

underusereminders."Gilbertsaid."Wecanlearnbynoticingthetimesthatwehaveforgottentodosomethingand

couldhaveusedreminderstohelp.”

A.Cognitiveoffloadinghasnoticeablebenefits.

B.Onecommonreasonisthatwesimplyibrgelthem.

C.Besides,itcanfreeupourlimitedcognitiveresources.

D.Agoodexamplecanhe（l（M：umentsonoursmartphonecalendars;.

E.Theprocessofcognitiveoffloadinghelpsusidentifyfalseinformation.

F.Ourbeliefsabouthowgoodourmemoryisdirectlyinfluencewhetherwesetthem.

G.Otherexpertssayil'stoosoontounderstandhowcognitiveoffloadingaffectsourbrains.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读卜面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Thewordl*motivation,'comesfromtheLatintermmotivus,movingcause”.Itisdescribedastheforcethat

drivesustopursueagoal,includingthedesiretocontinuepursuingmeaning,purpose,andalifeworthliving.Itfuels

competitionandboostssocialconnection.Itsabsencecanleadtomentalillnessessuchasdepression.

Peopleoftenhavemultiplemotivesforengaginginanyonebehaviour.Motivationmightbeextrinsic.That

meansapersonisinspiredbyoutsideforces—otherpeopleorrewards.Anythingpromisedforcompletingthetask

orreceivedasa