高级英语马克吐温

MarkTwain—MirrorofAmerica

Groupmembers:孙慧、朱琳、刘娟、李颖余、李旭阳、吴超SamuelLanghorneClemens(November30,1835–April21,1910),wellknownbyhispennameMarkTwain,wasanAmericanauthorandhumorist,essayistandlecturer.MarkTwainisnotedforhisnovelsAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884),whichhasbeencalled“theGreatAmericanNovel”,andtheAdventuresofTomSawyer.IntroduceindetailWritingFeaturesComment

MajorworksMarkTwainwasborninFlorida,Missouri,onNovember30,1835.Hewasthesixthofsevenchildren.Onlythreeofhissiblingssurvivedchildhood.TwainwasborntwoweeksaftertheclosestapproachtoEarthofHalley'sComet.OnDecember4,1985,theUnitedStatesPostalServiceissuedastampedenvelopefor"MarkTwainandHalley'sComet."Introduceindetail

MarkTwainandHalley'sComet

WhenTwainwasfour,hisfamilymovedtoHannibal,Missouri,aporttownontheMississippiRiver.Atthattime,Missouriwasaslavestate,andyoungTwainbecamefamiliarwiththeinstitutionofslavery,athemehewouldlaterexploreinhiswriting.InMarch1847,whenTwainwas11,hisfatherdiedofpneumonia(肺炎).Thenextyear,hebecameaprinter‘sapprentice（学徒）.In1851,hebeganworkingasatypesetterandcontributorofarticlesandhumoroussketchesfortheHannibalJournal,anewspaperownedbyhisbrotherOrion.Whenhewas18,heleftHannibalandworkedasaprinterinNewYorkCity,Philadelphia,St.Louis,andCincinnati.Hejoinedtheunionandeducatedhimselfinpubliclibrariesintheevenings,findingwidersourcesofinformationthanhewouldhaveataconventional（老式旳）school.At22,TwainreturnedtoMissouri.AsayoungmanTwainworkedasariverboatpilotontheMississippiRiver.Whenhestartedhiswritingcareer,SamuelClemensadoptedthename“MarkTwain,”whichmeanttwofathoms,asafedepthforariverboat.In1861,SamuelClemensavoidedthebrewingCivilWarbygoingwest.HetookhisfirstwritingjobasreporterattheVirginiaCityTerritorialEnterprise.Attheageof34,hemarriedOliviaLangdonClemens.ShewasthedaughterofaNewYorkcoalmagnate,amemberofthecountry’swealthyelite.Shewouldalsofurnishhimherfamily’shomeinElmira,NewYork,aplacewherehevisitedoftenandwrotemanyofhisbest-lovedbooks.Becauseoffinancialproblems,ClemenslivedinEuropefrom1891-1901,butthiswasneitherhisfirstnorlasttripabroad.Infact,hewasaninveteratetraveler.Fromtheageof17tothelastfewweeksofhislifehewasalwaysdiscoveringnewplacesandrevisitingold.HecrisscrossedtheAtlanticmorethanadozentimesandalsosawTurkey,Palestine,Hawaii,Australia,India,andSouthAfrica.By1900TwainhadbecomeAmerica’sforemostcelebrity.Heachievedgreatsuccessasawriterandpublicspeaker.Hiswitandsatireearnedpraisefromcriticsandpeers,andhewasafriendtopresidents,artists,industrialists,andEuropeanroyaltyHisLaterLife

Therearemanytragiceventsinhislaterlife:thefailureofhisinvestments,hisfatiguingtravelsandlecturesinordertopayoffhisdebts,andaddedtothis,thedeathofhiswifeandtwodaughterswhichlefthimabsolutelyinconsolable.Somecriticslinkthesetragiceventswiththechangeofstyleinhislaterworks,fromanoptimistandhumoristtoanalmostdespairingdeterminist.WhenhediedonApril21,1910,newspapersaroundthecountrydeclared,“Thewholeworldismourning.”Bythen,SamuelClemenshadlongsinceceasedtobeaprivatecitizen.HehadbecomeMarkTwain,aproudpossessionoftheAmericannation.GraveofMarkTwainWoodlawnCemetery,Elmira,NYMajorworksworksLifeontheMississippi”《密西西比河上》ThisworkisamemoirbyMarkTwaindetailinghisdaysasasteamboatpilotontheMississippiRiverbeforeandaftertheAmericanCivilWarTheAdventuresofTomSawyer（汤姆索亚历险记)

ThisnoveltalkedaboutayoungboycalledTomSawyergrowingupalongtheMississippiRiver.Itdescribeschildrenpursuitofnoveltyandadventurelife.最伟大旳小朋友文学作品TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》Thisbookisabouthowtosettheslavesfreeandhowtocometrueone’sdreams

Themysteriousstranger(神秘旳陌生人)Heinsistedthatmandrophisreligiousillusionsanddependuponhimself,notProvidence(神)tomakeabetterworld.他指出人类应该摒弃宗教幻想，依托自己而不是上帝旳力量，去发明一种愈加完美旳世界。OtherworksTheManThatCorruptedHadleyburg《败坏了哈德莱堡旳人》RoughingIt《苦行记》TheAdventuresofTomSawyer《汤姆·索亚历险记》TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》马克·吐温四大名著RunningforGovernor《竞选州长》The

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《百万英镑》TheGildedAge《镀金时代》TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty《卡拉维拉斯县驰名旳跳蛙》Theinnocentabroad《傻子出国记》Literatureisanartoflanguage.MarkTwain’slanguageisartisticandlikeasharpweaponwithoutdoubt.MarkTwainisfamousforhishumorandsatire.Heusedtheartisticstyleofhyperbole（夸张法）onthebasisofthewesterntraditionalhumorandmadehiswritingfullofallegoriesthatlaybehindthehumor.MarkTwain’sWritingFeatures

MarkTwain’sWritingFeatureslocalcolorrepresentingsociallifethroughportraitsoflocalplaceswhichheknewbestdrawingfromhisownrichfundofknowledgeofpeopleandplaces

talltales(highlyexaggerated夸张)atextureofmostlocalcolorliterature,akindofhumorAMasterofLanguage

shortconcrete（详细）directineffectsimple,evenungrammatical

sentence&structureswords

Heusedcolloquial(口语化)language,vernacular（地方性）language,dialects（方言）Americandialect

“MarkTwainwasthefirsttrulyAmericanwriter,andallofussincearehisheirs,whodescendedfromhim.”（WilliamFaulkner）

MarkTwain’sWritingFeaturesAnAmericanlanguageMarkTwain’sWritingFeatures

humor

isofwittyremarksmocking（讥讽）atsmallthingsandmakingpeoplelaughisakindofartisticstyleusedtocriticizethesocialinjusticeABriefAssessment

MarkTwainisapartofAmerica.HispersonalsuccessandfailurewerethoseofAmerica.Hemoved,alongwithAmerica,frominnocencetoexperience.ErnestHemingway:AllmodernAmericanliterature