考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案医学类

考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案医学类ValetaYoung,81,aretireefromLodi,

Calif.,suffersfromcongestiveheartfailureandrequiresalmostconstant

monitoring.Butshedoesn'thavetodriveanywheretogetit.Twiceadayshesteps

ontoaspecialelectronicscale,answersafewyesornoquestionsviapushbuttons

onasmallattachedmonitorandpressesabuttonthatsendstheinformationtoanurse'

sstationinSanAntonio,Texas."It'salmostadirectlinktomydoctor,“says

Young,whodescribesherselfascomputerilliteratebutsaysshehasnoproblems

usingtheequipment.Youngisnottheonlypatientwhoisdealingwithherdoctor

fromadistance.Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology,

withmorethan25firmscompetingtomeasureremotely----andtransmitbyphone,

Internetorthroughtheairwaves----everythingfrompatients'heartratestohow

oftentheycough.Promptedbothbytheriseinhealth-carecostsandthe

increasingcomputerizationofhealth-careequipment,doctorsareusingremote

monitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.InMarch,St.Francis

UniversityinPittsburgh,Pa.,partneredwithacompanycalledBodyMediaonastudy

inwhichruraldiabetespatientsusewirelessglucosemetersandarmbandsensorsto

monitortheirdisease.Andlastfall,Yahoobeganofferingsubscriberstheability

tocharttheirasthmaconditionsonline,usingaPDA-sizerespiratorymonitorthat

measureslungfunctionsinrealtimeande-mailsthedatadirectlytodoctors.

Suchhomemonitoring,saysDr.GeorgeDailey,aphysicianattheScrippsClinic

inSanDiego,“couldsomedayreplacelessproductivewaysthatpatientstrackchanges

intheirheartrate,bloodsugar,lipidlevels,kidneyfunctionsandevenvision.

Dr.TimothyMoore,executivevicepresidentofAlereMedical,whichproducesthe

smartscalesthatYoungandmorethan1,otherpatientsareusing,saysthatalmost

anyvitalsigncould,intheory,bemonitoredfromhome.But,hewarns,thatmight

notalwaysmakegoodmedicalsense.Headvisesagainstperformingelectrocardiograms

remotely,forexample,andalthoughheacknowledgesthatremotemonitoringof

blood-sugarlevelsanddiabeticulcersontheskinmayhaverealvalue,hepoints

outthattherearenotrulyindependentstudiesthatestablishthevalueofhome

testingfordiabetesorasthma.Suchstudiesareneededbecausethetechnology

isstillinitsinfancyandmedicalexpertsaredividedaboutitsvalue.Butonone

thingtheyallagree

youshouldneverrelyonanyremotetestingsystemwithoutclearingitwithyour

doctor.注⑴本文选自Time;8/9/24,pll-11,l/2p,2c;注⑵本文习题命题

模仿对象24年真题text1;HowdoesYoungmonitorherhealthconditions[A]

Bysteppingonanelectronicscale.[B]Byansweringafewyesornoquestions.

[C]Byusingremotemonitoringservice.[D]Byestablishingadirectlinktoher

doctor.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedinremotemonitoring[A]car

[B]telephone[C]Internet[D]theairwavesTheword“prompted”(Line

1,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.[A]made[B]reminded[C]

aroused[D]drivenWhyisDr.TimothyMooreagainstperforming

electrocardiogramsremotely[A]Becauseitisalessproductivewayofmonitoring.

[B]Becauseitdoesn'tmakegoodmedicalsense.[C]Becauseit'svaluehasnot

beenprovedbyscientificstudy[D]Becauseitisnotallowedbydoctors

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext[A]Computerilliterateis

advisednottouseremotemonitoring.[B]Thedevelopmentofremotemonitoring

marketisrathersluggish.[C]Remotemonitoringismainlyusedtotrackchronic

diseases.[D]Medicalexpertsagreeonthevalueofremotemonitoring.答

案CADBCDr.WiseYounghasnevermetthehundredsofthousandsofpeoplehehas

helpedinthepast1years,andmostofthemhaveneverheardofWiseYoung.Ifthey

didmeethim,however,they7dwanttoshakehishand----andtheremarkablething

aboutthatwouldbethesimplefactthatsomanyofthemcould.AllthepeopleYoung

hashelpedwerevictimsofspinalinjuries,andtheyowemuchofthemobilitythey

havetodaytohislandmarkwork.Young,51,headoftheW.M.KeckCenterfor

CollaborativeNeuroscienceatRutgersUniversityinNewBrunswick,N.J.,wasborn

onNewYearzsDayattheprecisemidpointofthe2thcentury.Backthen,thethinking

aboutspinal-cordinjurywasstraightforward

Whenacordisdamaged,it'sdamaged.There7snothingthatcanbedoneafter

aninjurytorestorethefunctionthatwassosuddenlylost.Asamedicalstudent

atStanfordUniversityandaneurosurgeonatNewYorkUniversityMedicalCenter,

Youngneverhadmuchreasontoquestionthatreceivedwisdom,butin198hebegan

tohavehisdoubts.Spinalcords,heknew,experienceprogressivedamageafterthey7

reinjured,includingswellingandinflammation,whichmayworsenthecondition

ofthealreadydamagedtissue.Ifthatsecondaryinsultcouldberelievedwithdrugs,

mightsomefunctionbepreservedYoungspentadecadelookingintothequestion,

andin199heco-ledalandmarkstudyshowingthatwhenhighdosesofasteroidknown

asmethylprednisoloneareadministeredwithineighthoursofaninjury,about2%

offunctioncanbesaved.Twentypercentishardlyeverything,butitcanoftenbe

thedifferencebetweenbreathingunassistedorrelyingonarespirator,walkingor

spendingone'slifeinawheelchair."Thisdiscoveryledtoarevolutionin

neuroprotectivetherapy,??Youngsays.Aglobalrevolution,actually.Morethan

5,peoplearoundtheworldsufferspinalinjurieseachyear,andthesedays,

methylprednisoloneisthestandardtreatmentintheU.S.andmanyothercountries.

ButYoungisstillnotsatisfied.Thedrugisanelixirforpeoplewhoarenewly

injured,butthereliefitoffersisonlypartial,andmanyspinal-injuryvictims

werehurtbeforeitbecameavailable.Young7sdreamistohelpthosepeopletoo

----torestorefunctionalreadylost----andtothatendheisstudyingdrugsand

growthfactorsthatcouldimproveconductionindamagednervesorevenprodthe

developmentofnewones.Toensurethatalltheneuralresearchersaroundtheworld

pulltogether,hehascreatedtheInternationalNeurotraumaSociety,foundedthe

JournalofNeuralTraumaandestablishedawebsite(carecure,rutgers.edu)that

receivesthousandsofhitseachday."Thecureforspinalinjuryisgoingto

beacombinationoftherapies,Youngsays."It'sthemostcollaborativefield

Iknow."Perhaps.Butincreasinglyitseemsthatifthecollaboratorshadafield

general,hisnamewouldbeWiseYoung.注(1)本文选自Time;8/2/21,p54;注

(2)本文习题命题模仿对象24年真题text3;------By"theremarkablethingaboutthat

wouldbethesimplefactthatsomanyofthemcould”(Linethree,Paragraph1),

theauthormeans.[A]Theremarkablethingisactuallythesimple

fact.[B]Manypeoplecoulddotheremarkablethings.[C]Whenmeetinghim,

manypeoplecoulddothesimplebutremarkablething.[D]Theremarkablething

liesinthesimplefactthatsomanypeoplecouldshakehandswithhim.Howdid

peoplethinkofthespinal-cordinjuryatthemiddleof2thcentury[A]

pessimistic[B]optimistic[C]confused[D]carefreeBysaying

“Twentypercentishardlyeverything,,(Line3,Paragraph3)，theauthoristalking

about.[A]thedrug[B]thefunctionoftheinjuredbody[C]

thefunctionofthedrug[D]theinjuryWhywasYoungunsatisfiedwithhis

achievement[A]Thedrugcannothelpthepeoplewhohadspinalinjuryinthepast.

[B]Histreatmentisstandard.[C]Thedrugonlyoffershelptoasmallnumber

ofpeople.[D]Thedrugonlytreatssomepartsoftheinjury.Towhichof

thefollowingstatementsistheauthorlikelytoagree[A]WiseYoungdoesnot

meetmanypeople.[B]WhenYoungwasyoung,hedidnothavemuchreasontoask

questions.[C]Ifthereneedsaheadofthespinal-injuredfield,Youngmight

betherightperson.[D]Young'sdreamisonlytohelpthepersonswhowereinjured

atearlytimes.答案DABACScientistshaveknownformorethantwodecades

thatcancerisadiseaseofthegenes.SomethingscramblestheDnainsideanucleus,

andsuddenly,insteadofdividinginameasuredfashion,acellbeginstocopyitself

furiously.Unlikeanordinarycell,itneverstops.Butdescribingtheprocessisn'

tthesameasfiguringitout.Cancercellsaresoradicallydifferentfromnormal

onesthatit7salmostimpossibletountanglethesequenceofeventsthatmadethem

thatway.Soforyearsresearchershavebeenattackingtheproblembytakingnormal

cellsandtryingtodeterminewhatchangeswillturnthemcancerous----alwayswithout

success.Untilnow.AccordingtoareportinthecurrentissueofNature,ateam

ofscientistsbasedatM.I.T.'sWhiteheadInstituteforBiomedicalResearchhas

finallymanagedtomakehumancellsmalignant----afeattheyaccomplishedwithtwo

differentcelltypesbyinsertingjustthreealteredgenesintotheirDNA.Whilethese

manipulationsweredoneonlyinlabdishesandwon'tleadtoanyimmediatetreatment,

theyappeartobeacrucialstepinunderstandingthedisease.Thisisa“landmark

paper,“wroteJonathanWeitzmanandMosheYanivofthePasteurInstituteinParis,

inanaccompanyingcommentary.Thedramaticnewresulttracesbacktoa

breakthroughin1983,whentheWhitehead7sRobertWeinbergandcolleaguesshowed

thatmousecellswouldbecomecancerouswhenspikedwithtwoalteredgenes.Butwhen

theytriedsuchalterationsonhumancells,theydidn,twork.Sincethen,scientists

havelearnedthatmousecellsdifferfromhumancellsinanimportantrespect

theyhavehigherlevelsofanenzymecalledtelomerase.Thatenzymekeepscaplike

structurescalledtelomeresontheendsofchromosomesfromgettingshorterwitheach

roundofcelldivision.Suchshorteningispartofacell7sagingprocess,andsince

cancercellskeepdividingforever,theWhiteheadgroupreasonedthatmakinghuman

cellsmoremouselikemightalsomakethemcancerous.Thestrategyworked.The

scientiststookconnective-tissueandkidneycellsandintroducedthreemutatedgenes

----onethatmakescellsdividerapidly;anotherthatdisablestwosubstancesmeant

toreininexcessivedivision;andathirdthatpromotestheproductionoftelomerase,

whichmadethecellsessentiallyimmortal.They7dcreatedatumorinatesttube.

“Somepeoplebelievedthattelomerasewasn'tthatimportant,,,saystheWhitehead7

sWilliamHahn,thestudy7sleadauthor.uThisallowsustosaywithsomecertainty

thatitis."Understandingcancercellsinthelabisn'tthesameasunderstanding

howitbehavesinalivingbody,ofcourse.Butbyteasingoutthekeydifferences

betweennormalandmalignantcells,doctorsmaysomedaybeabletodesignteststo

pickupcancerinitsearlieststages.Thefindingcouldalsoleadtodrugstailored

toattackspecifictypesofcancer,therebylesseningourdependenceon

tissue-destroyingchemotherapyandradiation.Beyondthat,theWhiteheadresearch

suggeststhatthisstubbornlycomplexdiseasemayhaveasimpleorigin,andthe

identificationofthatoriginmayturnouttobethemostimportantstepofall.注

⑴本文选自Time;8/9/99,p6,3/5p,2c注⑵本文习题命题模仿对象22年真题

text4Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthat.[A]

scientistshadunderstoodwhathappenedtonormalcellsthatmadethembehave

strangely[B]whenacellbeginstocopyitselfwithoutstopping,itbecomes

cancerous[C]normalcellsdonocopythemselves[D]theDNAinsideanucleus

dividesregularlyWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothe

text[A]ThescientiststracedthesourceofcancersbyfiguringouttheirDNA

order.[B]Atreatmenttocancerswillbeavailablewithinayearortwo.[C]

Thefindingpaveswayfortacklingcancer.[D]Thescientistssuccessfullyturned

cancerouscellsintohealthycells.Accordingtotheauthor,oneoftheproblems

inpreviouscancerresearchis.[A]enzymekepttelomeresfromgetting

shorter[B]scientistsdidn'tknowthereexisteddifferentlevelsoftelomerase

betweenmousecellsandhumancells[C]scientistsfailedtounderstandthe

connectionbetweenacell'sagingprocessandcelldivision.[D]humancells

aremouselikeWhichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“tailored”(Line

4,Paragraph5)[A]madespecifically[B]usedmainly[C]targeted

[D]aimedTheWhiteheadresearchwillprobablyresultin.[A]

athoroughunderstandingofthedisease[B]beatingoutcancers[C]solving

thecancermystery[D]drugsthatleavepatientslesspainful答案BCBA

DWhenEllenM.Roche,24,volunteeredfortheasthmaexperiment,shedidn7

texpecttobenefitfromit----exceptforthe$365she'dbepaid.Unlikeclinical

trials,inwhichmostpatientshopethatanexperimentaltherapywillhelpthem,

thisstudywasdesignedjusttoanswerabasicquestion

howdoesthewayanormallungreactstoirritantsshedlightonhowanasthmatic

lungrespondsTofindout,scientistsledbyDr.AlkisTogiasofJohnsHopkins

UniversityhadRocheandotherhealthyvolunteersinhaleadrugcalledhexamethonium.

AlmostimmediatelyRochebegantocoughandfeelshortofbreath.Withinweeksher

lungsfailedandherkidneysshutdown.OnJune2Rochedied----adeathmademore

tragicbythepossibilitythatitwaspreventable.LastweekthefederalOfficefor

HumanResearchProtections(OHRP)ruledthatHopkins1ssystemforprotectinghuman

subjectsissoflawedthatvirtuallyallitsU.S.-supportedresearchhadtostop.

TheworstpartisthatHopkins,oneofthenation7spremiermedicalinstitutions,

isnotalone.TwoyearsagotheinspectorgeneraloftheDepartmentofHealthand

HumanServiceswarnedthatthesystemsafeguardinghumansubjectsisindangerof

ameltdown.Theboardsthatreviewproposedstudiesareoverburdened,understaffed

andshotthroughwithconflictsofinterest.Oversightissoporousthatnooneknows

howmanypeoplevolunteertobehumanguineapigs(21millionayearisaneducated

guess)，howmanyarehurtorhowmanydie."Thousandsofdeathsareneverreported,

andadverseeventsinthetensofthousandsarenotreported,,,saysAdilShamoo,

amemberoftheNationalHumanResearchProtectionsAdvisoryCommitteeandprofessor

attheUniversityofMaryland.GregKoski,headofOHRP,hascalledthe

clinical-trialssystemdysfunctional."TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsare

nothingshortofdevastating.Afterathree-dayinspectionlastweek,OHRPconcluded

thattheHopkinsscientistsfailedtogetinformationonthelinkbetween

hexamethoniumandlungtoxicity,eventhoughdatawereavailablevia“routine”

Internetsearchesandintextbooks.Thedrugisnotapprovedforuseinhumans;the

hexa-methoniumTogiasusedwaslabeled[F]0RLABORATORYUSEONLY.Thereviewboard,

OHRPcharges,neveraskedfordataonthesafetyofinhaledhexamethoniuminpeople.

TheconsentformthatRochesignedstatesnowherethathexamethoniumisnotapproved

bytheFDA(theformdescribesitasa“medication")anddidn'twarnaboutpossible

lungtoxicity.Hopkinsitselfconcludedthatthereviewboarddidnotdoallit

couldtoprotectthevolunteers,andsuspendedall1ofTogias7sstudies.Still,

theuniversity----whose$31millioninfederalgrantsfor2,humanstudiesmadeit

thelargestrecipientofgovernmentresearchmoneylastyear----isseething.

“Hopkinshashadover1yearsofdoingclinicaltrials,“saysDr.EdwardMiller,

CEOofJohnsHopkinsMedicine."Wehavehadonedeathinallofthoseyears.Wewould

havedoneanythingintheworldtopreventthatdeath,but[suspendingthestudies]

seemsoutofproportion."Hopkinscallstheshutdownofitsexperiments

uunwarranted,unnecessary,paralyzingandprecipitous."OHRPislettingtrials

continuewhereitisinthebestinterests“ofsubjects.Therestofthestudies

canresumeonceHopkinssubmitsaplantorestructureitssystemforprotecting

researchsubjects.Howquicklythathappens,saysagovernmentspokesman,depends

onHopkins.注(1)本文选自Newsweek;7/3/21,p36;注(2)本文习题命题模仿对

象25年真题Text1;Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopic

by[A]explainingaphenomenon[B]justifyinganassumption[C]stating

anincident[D]makingacomparisonThestatement“TheOHRPfindingson

Hopkinsarenothingshortofdevastating.”(Line1,Paragraph3)impliesthat

[A]TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsaremuchtooimpressive.[B]TheOHRPfindings

onHopkinsaremuchtooshocking.[C]TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsaremuchtoo

convincing.[D]TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsaremuchtoostriking.Themain

reasonsforRoche'sdeathareasfollowing,exceptthat.[A]the

protectingsystemhasn'tbeensetup[B]thereviewboardhasneglectedtheir

duty[C]theresearchteamwasnotresponsibleenoughforitsvolunteers

[D]thepossibilityoflungtoxicitywasoverlookedTheOHRPhasfoundthat

[A]Hopkinshasloosecontrolovertheexperiment.[B]thevolunteersknewnothing

abouttheexperiment.[C]thereissomethingwrongwitheveryaspectofthe

experiment.[D]thereexistmanyhiddentroublesinhumansubjectssafeguarding

system.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph[A]Hopkinshadnofault

inthisaccident.[B]HopkinsseemednottoquiteagreewithTheOHRP

[C]Togias'sstudiesshouldn(tbesuspended.[D]Hopkinswantedtobegintheir

experimentsassoonaspossible.答案CBACBYouhopintoyourcar,but,wait,

wherearethekeysYoumeetsomeonenew,buthernameisgonebeforethehandshake)

sover.Thosearefailuresofyourshort-term,or“working,“memory---theplace

youfileinformationforimmediate,everydayretrieval.Itisn'tperfect.But

researchersareincreasinglyconvincedthatthehormoneestrogencouldplayakey

roleinmaintainingandperhapsevenimprovingmemory.LastweekateamofYale

scientistsprovideddramaticnewevidencethatbolstersthetheory.UsingMRIs一

一detailedsnapshotsofthebrain----researchersfoundthatwomentakingestrogen

showsignificantlymoreactivityinbrainareasassociatedwithmemorythanwomen

onaplacebo."Thisisveryexciting,“saysYale'sDr.SallyShaywitz."Itmeans

thatthebraincircuitryformemoryhadaltered."Aftermenopause,whenestrogen

levelsplummet,somewomenbecomeforgetful.Pastresearchhasdemonstratedthat

thosewhotakeestrogendobetteronmemoryteststhantheirnonmedicatedpeersdo.

ThehormonemayevenreducetheriskofAlzheimer7s.Thenewstudy,publishedin

lastweek7sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,isthefirsttovisually

comparetheneurocircuitryofmemorybothonandoffestrogen.Thedrugmadeabig

differencetoparticipantBernadetteSettelmeyer

“AllofasuddenIwasrememberingthings."Thewomen(whoseaverageage

was51)laydowninabrain-imagingmachinewheretheywereshowntwotypesof

information

nonsensewords("BAZ"or"DOB")totestverbalmemoryandgeometricpatterns

toassessvisualmemory.Aftera2-second“storage“period,participantssawa

mixofoldandnewandwereaskedifanythinglookedfamiliar.Duringeachstageof

thetest---asthewomenencoded,storedandretrieveddata----researcherstook

picturesoftheirbrains.The46womenunderwentthetesttwice----oncewhiletaking

astandarddailydoseofestrogenandagainwhiletakingaplacebo.Beyondthepower

ofestrogen,thedifferenceinMRIssuggeststhattheadultbrainmaintains

“plasticity”---theabilitytorewireitself----evenasitages.Thereisstill

plentyofresearchtobedone.Scientistscan'tyetbesureestrogenisdirectly

responsibleforbettermemoryperformance.Despitethedifferenceinbrainactivity

onandoffestrogen,participants7scoresdidnotchange.Researcherssaythatis

probablybecausethetasksweresosimple(thewomengotmorethan9percentcorrect

overall)。

Otherstudiesonestrogenandcognitionareshortterm----andtheirfindingshave

beeninconsistent.Andscientistsstillcan'tanswerthequestionfacingmillions

ofwomen

shouldItakehormone-replacementtherapyThenewstudymaymakeestrogenmore

appealing,butitshouldbejust“onepartoftheequation,,,saysShaywitz.Still,

it7samemorableone.注（1）本文选自Newsweek;4/19/99,p5;注（2）本文习

题命题模仿对象22年真题Text3;Thefollowingaretheexamplesofthefailures

ofshort-termmemory,exceptthat.[A]youarenotsurewhetheryou

'velockedthedoorornot[B]youcannotrecallallyourpreviousexperience

[C]youcannotfindthekeytoyourcarwhenstartingit[D]youforgetthename

ofastrangerbeforethegreetingisoverItcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

women'sworkingmemorycouldprobablybeimprovedif.[A]theyoveruse

estrogen[B]theyparticipateintheexperiment[C]theirmindsarekept

active[D]theestrogenlevelisraisedTheexperimentinvolving46ladies

showsthat.[A]thewomenshouldtakeanormaldoseofestrogen[B]the

women'sbrainsstillhavetheabilityofcreation[C]theestrogenlevel

determinestheirmemorybadorgood[D]theestrogenmakesthebrainworkmore

activelyWecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat.[A]the

connectionbetweenestrogenandmemoryisstillanopenstudy[B]thehormone

estrogenplaysakeyroleinimprovingmemory.[C]thelowlevelestrogenmakes

awomanforgetful[D]raisingtheestrogenlevelcanimprovethewomen's

short-termmemoryFromthetextwecanseethewriterseems.

[A]objective[B]optimistic[C]sensitive[D]gloomy答案BDDAA

At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreat

intellectualachievementsofthe2thcentury.Bornwithanextremelyrareandusually

fataldisorderthatleftherwithoutafunctioningimmunesystem（the“bubble-boy

disease,??namedafteranearliervictimwhowaskeptaliveforyearsinasterile

plastictent），shewastreatedbeginningin199witharevolutionarynewtherapy

thatsoughttocorrectthedefectatitsverysource,inthegenesofherwhiteblood

cells.Itworked.Althoughherlastgene-therapytreatmentwasin1992,sheis

completelyhealthywithnormalimmunefunction,accordingtooneofthedoctorswho

treatedher,W.FrenchAndersonoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Researchers

havelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutant

geneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore."Therewill

beagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,“Andersonsays,“within

5years."It'snotentirelyclearwhymedicinehasbeensoslowtobuildon

Anderson7searlysuccess.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudgetofficeestimates

itwillspend$432millionongene-therapyresearchin25,andthereisnoshortage

ofpromisingleads.Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthat

don'tcausehumandisease."ThevirusissortoflikeaTrojanhorse,“saysRonald

CrystalofNewYorkPresbyterian/Wei11CornellMedicalCollege."Thecargoisthe

gene."AttheUniversityofPennsylvania7sAbramsonCancerCenter,immunologist

CarlJunerecentlytreatedHIVpatientswithageneintendedtohelptheircellsresist

theinfection.AtCornellUniversity,researchersarepursuinggene-basedtherapies

forParkinsonzsdiseaseandararehereditarydisorderthatdestroyschildren7s

braincells.AtStanfordUniversityandtheChildren7sHospitalofPhiladelphia,

researchersaretryingtofigureouthowtohelppatientswithhemophiliawhotoday

mustinjectthemselveswithexpensiveclottingdrugsforlife.Animalexperiments

haveshowngreatpromise.Butsomehow,thingsgetlostinthetranslationfrom

laboratorytopatient.Inhumantrialsofthehemophiliatreatment,patientsshow

aresponseatfirst,butitfadesovertime.Andthefieldhasstillnotrecovered

fromthesetbackitsufferedin1999,whenJesseGelsinger,an18-year-oldwith

araremetabolicdisorder,diedafterreceivinganexperimentalgenetherapyatthe

UniversityofPennsylvania.Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnished

furtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge.

Thissummer,researchersattheSalkInstituteinSanDiegosaidtheyhadcreated

a“marathonmouse“byimplantingagenethatenhancesrunningability;already,

officialsattheWorldAnti-DopingAgencyarepreparingtotestathletesforsigns

of“genedoping."Buttheprincipleisthesame,whetheryou'retryingtohelp

ahealthyrunnerrunfasterorallowamuscular-dystrophypatienttowalk."Everybody

recog