2025届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试题 含解析

2024学年高三年级第二次质量调研英语试卷Ⅰ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RacetotheFrozenNorthOnApril6,1909,sixdeterminedmenstoodatthetopoftheworld,claimingvictoryoveroneofEarth’slastgreatfrontiers—theNorthPole.Theirleader,RobertE.Peary,capturedthehistoricmomentinphotographsashisteamproudlyhelduptheirflags.AmongthemwasMatthewHenson,anexperiencedexplorer___1___skillshadbeenvitaltotheirsuccess.Heheldauniqueflag,___2___(sew)togetherfromdifferentpiecesoffabric,whilefourexpertInuithuntersstoodbyhisside.Theyguidedtheteamthroughtheendlessfrozenwilderness.Reachingthisice-coveredworldwasnoteasy.Manyhadtriedbeforethem,only___3___(force)backbyterribleconditions.Peary’ssuccesswasnotjustluck—itwascarefulstrategy,perseverance,andthestrengthofhisteam.Hereliedheavily___4___Henson,whohadjourneyedwithhimthroughtheArcticbefore.Hensonwasn’tjustanexplorer;hewasasurvivalist,trainedbytheInuit(因纽特人)intheartofhandlingtheice.Butnoamountofskill___5___makeovercomingtheArcticanyeasier.Thewindscreamedlikeawildbeast,andthetemperaturedroppedtoafreezingminus60degreesFahrenheit.Hensonlaterwroteinhisjournal,“Freezingofthewholefrontpartofthefaceisanordinaryoccurrence.”Iceformedontheirskin,___6___(bite)deeperwitheveryburstofwind.Frostbite(冻疮)wasaconstantthreat.Pearyhimselfhadlosttoesonearlieradventures.Despite___7___theyendured,theykeptpushingforward.Theirfoodwassimplebutpackedwithenergy:pemmican,adensemixtureofdriedmeat,animalfat,andberries.___8___itdidlittletosatisfytruehunger,itdidkeepthemalive.Theirdayswerelongandexhausting.Yettheyrefusedtostop.Then,atlast,theyarrived.Thevast,icyemptiness___9___(stretch)ineverydirection.Henson,movingquicklyahead,wasthefirsttomarktheirachievement.WhenPearyarrived,theyplantedtheirflags,securingtheirplaceinhistory.Theimpossible____10____(conquer).【答案】1.whose2.sewn3.tobeforced4.on5.could6.biting7.what8.Although##Though9.stretched10hadbeenconquered【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了1909年4月6日，RobertE.Peary带领的团队到达北极的艰难历程，着重介绍了团队成员MatthewHenson以及他们在途中所面临的恶劣环境和克服的种种困难。【1题详解】考查关系代词。句意：在他们当中有MatthewHenson，一位经验丰富的探险家，他的技能对他们的成功至关重要。“1skillshadbeenvitaltotheirsuccess”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“MatthewHenson”，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰“skills”，表示“他的技能”，所以用关系代词“whose”。故填whose。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他举着一面独特的旗帜，这面旗帜是由不同的织物缝制在一起的，而四位因纽特猎人则站在他身边。“2(sew)togetherfromdifferentpiecesoffabric”是后置定语，修饰“flag”，“flag”与“sew”之间是被动关系，即“旗帜被缝制”，所以用过去分词“sewn”。故填sewn。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在他们之前有许多人尝试过，结果却被恶劣的条件逼了回来。only3(force)backbyterribleconditions”是结果状语，“Many”与“force”之间是被动关系，且表示出乎意料的结果，用“onlytobedone”结构，所以填“tobeforced”。故填tobeforced。【4题详解】考查介词。句意：他非常依赖Henson，Henson之前曾和他一起在北极地区旅行过。“relyon”是固定搭配，意为“依赖，依靠”，所以填“on”。故填on【5题详解】考查情态动词。句意：但再多的技能也无法使征服北极变得更容易。根据语境，这里表示“能够”的意思，且是过去的情况，用“could”表示过去的能力或可能性。故填could。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：冰在他们的皮肤上形成，每一阵风都让冻伤更加严重。“6(bite)deeperwitheveryburstofwind”在句中作伴随状语，“Ice”与“bite”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词“biting”。故填biting。【7题详解】考查连接词。句意：尽管他们忍受了很多，但他们还是继续前进。“Despite7theyendured”中，“7theyendured”是一个宾语从句，作“Despite”的宾语，从句中缺少宾语，用“what”引导，表示“所……的事物”。故填what。【8题详解】考查连词。句意：尽管它几乎不能满足真正的饥饿，但它确实让他们活了下来。根据前后句的逻辑关系，这里表示让步，“尽管”食物不能满足饥饿，但能维持生命，所以用“Although”或“Though”引导让步状语从句。首字母大写。故填Although/Though。【9题详解】考查时态。句意：广阔的冰原向四面八方延伸。文章讲述的是过去的事情，这里描述到达北极时看到的景象，用一般过去时，“stretch”的过去式是“stretched”。故填stretched。【10题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：不可能的事情已经被征服了。Theimpossible”与“conquer”之间是被动关系，“征服”发生在“抵达”之前，需用过去完成时，且主语theimpossible与conquer之间是被动关。故填hadbeenconquered。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.capabilitiesB.dismissC.examineD.ignoranceE.matchF.misrepresentationG.passionateH.pointI.plugJ.relievingK.worryingTheHackersWhoProtectYourSecurityHaveyoueverlockedyourselfoutofyourhouseandhadtotrytobreakin?Firstyougetasenseofaccomplishmentinsucceeding.Butthencomesthe____11____realizationthatifyoucanbreakintoyourownplaceasanamateur,aprofessionalcoulddoitfivetimesfaster.Soyoulookfortheweak____12____inyoursecurityandfixit.Well,that’smoreorlesshowtheDefConhackers(黑客)conferenceworks.Everyyear,hackersmeetinLasVegastotesttheirknowledgeand____13____.Mentiontheword“hacker”andmanyofuspictureaseventeen-year-oldstudentsittinginabedroom,illegallyhackingintothegovernmentsystems.Butthatisactuallya(n)____14____ofwhatmosthackersdo.TheactivitiesthattakeplaceatDefConhaveanenormousimpactonourdailylives.Here,computeraddictswhocan’tbreakthehabitorresistthechallengeoffindingsecuritygaps____15____allkindsofsystems,fromtheinternettomobilecommunicationstohouseholddoorlocks.Andthentheytrytohackthem.Indoingso,theydousallagreatservicebypassingontheirfindingstoindustry,whichcanthen____16____thesecurityholes.Ifyou’reamongthosewho____17____theDefConattendeesasabunchofsocialmisfits,thenyouprobablyhavethesamepasswordfor90percentofyouronlineexistence,whichisrisky.Evenifyouthinkyou’rebeingcleverbyusingyourgrandmother’sbirthdatebackwardsasapassword,you’reno____18____forthesepeople.Thereisnogreater____19____tobefoundonlinethanthatofanaverageInternetuser.I’mhappytoadmitthatI’moneofthem.I’malsoawarethatthereareotherpeopleouttherewhoaretryingtogetmoreandmoreaccesstoourpersonaldata.Sadly,wehavefewtoolstoprotectourselves.Butthereisagroupofpeoplewhoare____20____aboutonlinefreedomandhavethemeanstohelpusprotectourprivacy.ManyofthemcanbefoundatDefCon.【答案】11.K12.H13.A14.F15.C16.I17.B18.E19.D20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是DefCon黑客大会的相关情况以及黑客并非都是非法入侵者。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：随后，一个令人担忧的意识涌上心头：如果你这个业余人士都能闯入自己的家，那么专业人士的速度可能会快上五倍。由下文“ifyoucanbreakintoyourownplaceasanamateur,aprofessionalcoulddoitfivetimesfaster”可知，空后所说的意识到的内容是令人担忧的，空格处意为“令人担忧的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词realization，是worrying，故选K。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：于是，你开始寻找安全系统中的薄弱环节并加以修复。由前面的“lookfortheweak”和下文“inyoursecurityandfixit”可知，句子表示“你开始寻找安全系统中的薄弱环节并加以修复”，空格处意为“要点，核心问题”，是point，此处用单数，故选H。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：每年，黑客们都会在拉斯维加斯聚会，测试他们的知识和能力。由上文“hackersmeetinLasVegastotesttheirknowledgeand”可知，句子表示“黑客们都会在拉斯维加斯聚会，测试他们的知识和能力”，空格处意为“能力”，是capabilities。故选A。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：但这实际上是对大多数黑客行为的歪曲。由上文“illegallyhackingintothegovernmentsystems”可知，句子表示“这实际上是对大多数黑客行为的歪曲”，空格处意为“歪曲”，是misrepresentation。故选F。【15题详解】考查动词。句意：在这里，那些无法戒掉寻找安全漏洞这一习惯或无法抗拒这一挑战的计算机爱好者们，会检查各种系统，从互联网到移动通信，再到家用门锁。由下文“allkindsofsystems,fromtheinternettomobilecommunicationstohouseholddoorlocks”可知，句子表示“那些无法戒掉寻找安全漏洞这一习惯或无法抗拒这一挑战的计算机爱好者们，会检查各种系统”，空格处意为“检查”，是examine，句子描述经常性，习惯性动作，时态用一般现在时，主语addicts是复数，因此examine用原形，故选C。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：通过这样做，他们实际上为我们所有人提供了巨大的服务，因为他们将自己的发现传递给相关行业，这些行业随后可以填补安全漏洞。由上文“theydousallagreatservicebypassingontheirfindingstoindustry”可知，句子表示“他们实际上为我们所有人提供了巨大的服务，因为他们将自己的发现传递给相关行业，这些行业随后可以填补安全漏洞”，空格处意为“填补”，是plug，can是情态动词，因此空格处用原形，故选I。【17题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你和那些轻视DefCon参会者、认为他们是一群社会不适应者的人一样，那么你可能90%的在线账户都使用同一个密码，这是非常危险的。由空后“theDefConattendeesasabunchofsocialmisfits”可知，句子表示“轻视DefCon参会者”，空格处意为“轻视”，是dismiss，由have是原形可知，句子时态是一般现在时，who指代的先行词those是复数，因此dismiss用原形，故选B。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：即使你认为自己很聪明，把祖母的生日倒过来作为密码，但与这些人相比，你根本不是他们的对手。由上文“whichisrisky”可知，句子表示“你认为自己很聪明，把祖母的生日倒过来作为密码，但与这些人相比，你根本不是他们的对手”，空格处意为“对手”，是match，空前有no，空格处用单数，故选E。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：在网上，没有比普通互联网用户更无知的存在了。由上文“I’malsoawarethatthereareotherpeopleouttherewhoaretryingtogetmoreandmoreaccesstoourpersonaldata”可知，句子表示“没有比普通互联网用户更无知的存在了”，空格处意为“无知”，用名词作宾语，是ignorance，是不可数名词，故选D。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：但有一群人对网络自由充满热情，他们有办法帮助我们保护自己的隐私。由下文“havethemeanstohelpusprotectourprivacy”可知，句子表示“有一群人对网络自由充满热情，他们有办法帮助我们保护自己的隐私”，空格处意为“热情的”，用形容词作表语，是passionate，故选G。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Imagineaworldwheremachinesdon’tjustrespondtocommandsbutactuallyunderstandhowyoufeel.Yourphonesensessadnessinyourvoiceandsuggestscallingafriend;yourcomputerseesyou’retiredandremindsyoutorest.Sounds____21____?Notanymore.EmotionAI—thetechnologythatallowsmachinestorecognizeandinterprethumanemotions—isalreadyhere.ForRanaelKaliouby,thisideawas____22____.Yearsago,whenshemovedfromEgypttotheUK,sheandherhusbandkeptintouchthroughtextmessages.Butsomethingwas____23____:Nomatterhowmanywordstheyexchanged,hecouldn’tseetheexhaustiononherfaceorhearthesadnessinhervoice.Thatexperienceplantedaseedinhermind:Whatiftechnologycouldbridgethatemotional____24____?Drivenbythisvision,sheco-foundedAffectiva,acompanyspecializinginemotion-detectingAI.Theconceptissimpleyetpowerful.Machinesaretrainedtorecognizeemotionsthroughfacialexpressions,toneofvoice,andevenbodylanguage.Affectiva,____25____,workswithmarketingfirmstoanalyzehowpeoplereacttoadvertisements.Meanwhile,companieslikeBehavioralSignalsfocusonvoiceanalysis,usingtoneandspeechpatternstodiscoveremotionsincustomerservicecalls.Thepotential____26____arevast,fromeducationtohealthcaretodriversafety.Buthere’sthecatch:recognizinganemotionisn’tthesameas____27____it.Afurrowedbrow(皱眉)—doesitmeananger,deepthought,orjustbadlighting?Ascowl(怒视)couldsignalfrustration,butitmightjustas____28____indicateconcentration.Andthenthere’s____29____—whatlookslikeexcitementinonepartoftheworldmightbemistakenforanxietyinanother.Beyondaccuracy,there’sabiggerquestion:ShouldAIbe_____30_____tomakedecisionsbasedonemotions?SomepoliceforceshavealreadyexperimentedwithemotionAItoassesswhetherpeopleappear“suspicious.”Criticsarguethisisa_____31_____game,especiallysincestudiesshowAIcanbeprejudiced,sometimesinterpretingemotionsdifferentlybasedonraceorgender.The_____32_____thingsocietyneedsisfaultytechnologyinfluencingimportantdecisionslikehiring,lawenforcement,ormentalhealthdiagnoses._____33_____,theprogressisundeniable.CarmanufacturersaredevelopingAIsystemsthatmonitordrivers’emotionsand_____34_____iftheyappeardistractedortired.Inclassrooms,researchersareexploringwaysAIcouldfigureoutwhenstudentsarestrugglingordisengagedandadjustlessonsinrealtime.So,wheredoesthatleaveus?EmotionAIisfascinating,fullofpromise—butalsofullofrisks.Butonethingiscertain:thelinebetweenhumanandmachineisbecoming_____35_____witheachpassingday.21.A.reasonable B.futuristic C.familiar D.necessary22.A.personal B.ridiculous C.complex D.collective23.A.unusual B.missing C.pointless D.accessible24.A.wound B.variety C.tension D.gap25.A.bycontrast B.inaddition C.insummary D.forexample26.A.applications B.obstacles C.transformations D.investments27.A.conveying B.controlling C.understanding D.redirecting28.A.barely B.slowly C.severely D.easily29.A.improvement B.pressure C.disorder D.culture30A.requested B.trusted C.forbidden D.improved31.A.casual B.dangerous C.strategic D.boring32.A.urgent B.confusing C.last D.right33.A.Still B.Rather C.Subsequently D.Consequently34.A.wait B.leave C.intervene D.ignore35.A.lessclear B.lessartificial C.morecrucial D.moredefinable【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.D26.A27.C28.D29.D30.B31.B32.C33.A34.C35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨情感AI的技术潜力及其伦理挑战，揭示人机交互边界的模糊性与风险。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的手机感知到你声音中的悲伤，建议你给朋友打个电话；你的电脑发现你疲惫不堪，提醒你休息一下。听起来很科幻，未来才能发生？但这一切已成现实。A.reasonable合理的；B.futuristic未来感的，科幻的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.necessary必要的。根据上文“yourcomputerseesyou’retiredandremindsyoutorest.”及下文“Notanymore”可知，前文描述机器感知情绪的场景属于未来科技，后文提到加以否定，说明该技术已实现。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对RanaelKaliouby而言，这个想法源于她的亲身经历。A.personal个人的；B.ridiculous荒谬的；C.complex复杂的；D.collective集体的。根据下文“Yearsago,whenshemovedfromEgypttotheUK,sheandherhusbandkeptintouchthroughtextmessages.”可知，后文讲述Rana的个人经历，需形容词修饰idea，体现“个人构想”。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但总缺少些什么：无论他们交换多少文字信息，对方始终看不到她脸上的倦容，也听不出她声音里的悲伤。A.unusual不寻常的；B.missing缺失的；C.pointless无意义的；D.accessible可获取的。根据下文“Nomatterhowmanywordstheyexchanged,hecouldn’tseetheexhaustiononherfaceorhearthesadnessinhervoice.”可知，后文指出丈夫无法感知她的疲惫和悲伤，说明交流中“缺失”某些情感线索。固定搭配：somethingwasmissing意为“缺少某物”符合句意。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这段经历在她心中埋下一颗种子：如果技术能填补这种情感鸿沟会怎样？A.wound伤口；B.variety多样性；C.tension紧张；D.gap鸿沟，缺口。根据下文“Nomatterhowmanywordstheyexchanged,hecouldn’tseetheexhaustiononherfaceorhearthesadnessinhervoice.”可知，前文提到无法感知情绪，因此后文提出用技术“弥合情感鸿沟”。故选D。【25题详解】考查副词短语词义辨析。句意：例如Affectiva公司与营销机构合作，分析人们对广告的情绪反应。A.bycontrast相比之下；B.inaddition此外；C.insummary总之；D.forexample例如。这里以Affectiva为例说明技术应用，所以使用举例过渡词。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术的应用前景极为广阔，涵盖教育、医疗到驾驶员安全等领域。A.applications应用；B.obstacles障碍；C.transformations转变；D.investments投资。根据下文“fromeducationtohealthcaretodriversafety.”可知，后文列举广告分析、语音识别等具体用途，这些是应用场景。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但关键在于：识别情绪不等于理解情绪。A.conveying传达；B.controlling控制；C.understanding理解；D.redirecting重定向。根据上文“Buthere’sthecatch:recognizinganemotion”可知，前文强调“识别情绪”，后文讨论“理解情绪”的复杂性，构成逻辑递进。故选C。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一个怒视可能代表沮丧，但也同样可能只是专注的表现。A.barely几乎不；B.slowly缓慢地；C.severely严重地；D.easily容易地。这里表达怒视可能“轻易被误解”为专注，easily修饰误判的可能性。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外还有文化差异——某种表情在A地区代表兴奋，在B地区可能被误读为焦虑。A.improvement改进；B.pressure压力；C.disorder紊乱；D.culture文化。根据下文“whatlookslikeexcitementinonepartoftheworldmightbemistakenforanxietyinanother.”可知，后文提到不同地区对同一表情的解读差异，涉及文化差异。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：除准确性外，更值得深思的是：我们该信任AI基于情绪做决定吗？A.requested被要求的；B.trusted被信任的；C.forbidden被禁止的；D.improved被改进的。根据下文“especiallysincestudiesshowAIcanbeprejudiced,sometimesinterpretingemotionsdifferentlybasedonraceorgender.”可知，后文提到“偏见风险”，因此这里讨论是否应“信任AI做决策”，前后呼应。故选B。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：批评者认为这是危险的游戏，尤其有研究表明AI可能存在偏见，不同种族或性别的情绪解读结果会有差异。A.casual随意的；B.dangerous危险的；C.strategic战略的；D.boring无聊的。根据下文“especiallysincestudiesshowAIcanbeprejudiced,sometimesinterpretingemotionsdifferentlybasedonraceorgender.”可知，后文指出AI偏见可能导致歧视，素以这里强调伦理风险。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：社会最不需要的，就是有缺陷的技术影响招聘、执法或心理健康诊断等重要决策。A.urgent紧急的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.last最后的；最不需要的；D.right正确的。根据下文“faultytechnologyinfluencingimportantdecisionslikehiring,lawenforcement,ormentalhealthdiagnoses.”可知，这些是社会最不需要的东西。故选C。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，技术进步不可否认。A.Still尽管如此；B.Rather相反；C.Subsequently随后；D.Consequently因此。根据上文“Beyondaccuracy,there’sabiggerquestion”及下文“theprogressisundeniable”可知，前文讨论风险，后文承认技术进步，需要表转折的副词。故填A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：汽车制造商正在开发能监测驾驶员情绪的系统，一旦发现分心或疲劳便会主动干预。A.wait等待；B.leave离开；C.intervene干预；D.ignore忽略。根据上文“CarmanufacturersaredevelopingAIsystemsthatmonitordrivers’emotions”可知，上文提到系统监测司机状态因此要发出警告，之后要开始干预驾驶行为以保证安全。故选C。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但有一件事是肯定的：人类和机器之间的界限正变得越来越不清晰。A.lessclear更模糊；B.lessartificial更不人工；C.morecrucial更关键；D.moredefinable更可定义。根据上文“Imagineaworldwheremachinesdon’tjustrespondtocommandsbutactuallyunderstandhowyoufeel.Yourphonesensessadnessinyourvoiceandsuggestscallingafriend;yourcomputerseesyou’retiredandremindsyoutorest.”及“So,wheredoesthatleaveus?EmotionAIisfascinating,fullofpromise—butalsofullofrisks.”可知，情感本是人类专属领域，现在却被机器介入，技术充满希望也充满风险，因此这里强调人机界限“日益模糊”，呼应上文点明主题。故选A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Soapbubbles(泡泡)arelikelittlefloatingwonders.They’relight,delicate,andfullofsurprises.And,ofcourse,theyshinewithbeautifulcolours!Butifyoulookclosely,you’llnoticesomethingodd—bubblesshowpink,green,yellow,andsometimesblue,butwherearetheothercolours?Whydon’tweseebrightred,deeppurple,orwarmorangefloatingintheair?Thesecretbehindabubble’scoloursliesinitsthinfilm.Theoutersurfacereflectslight,andsodoestheinnersurface.Lightmoveslikeawaveinthissituation.Justlikeripples(涟漪)onapond,thelightreflectedfromtheinsidetravelsabitfartherandmayormaynotmatchupwiththelightreflectedfromtheoutside.Ifthewavesstrengtheneachother,thecolourofthatwavelengthbecomesvisible.Sofar,sogood—thisprocesscancreatemanycolours.Butwhere’smyredbubble?Thelightwavesspreadingfromthebubblecontainallthecoloursoftherainbow.However,wedon’tseethemseparatelybecausethesoapfilm’sthicknessoftenproducesamixofcolours.Interestingly,thethicknessthatenhancesredalsoenhancesviolet(紫色).Butinsteadofseeingboth,weonlyseepink.Thevioletwaveripplesfourtimesbeforeexiting,whiletheredwaveripplesthreetimes.Yet,bythetimetheyleavethebubble,theymeet.Pinkseemslikeasinglecolour,butitdoesn’tactuallyexistintherainbow—ourbrainscreateitbymixingredandviolet.Ifthebubble’ssurfacebecomesslightlythinner,theredandvioletwavescanceleachotherout,leavingonlygreen,whichisarealrainbowcolour.Asthefilmgetseventhinner,redandgreenappeartogether(bothripplingabouttwice),butbluedisappears,soweseeyellowinstead.Weonlyseecolourswhenthesoapfilmisverythin—justoneortwolightwavelengthsthick.Thismeansthereareonlyafewpossiblecolourcombinations,andredaloneisn’toneofthem.So,noredbubblesforme.Itmightbefrustratingtohear,“That’sjusthowitis,”butinthiscase,Idon’tmind.Everysoapbubblefollowsthesamerules,nomatterhoworwhereit’smade.It’sactuallycomfortingtoseetheuniverseworkinginsuchaconsistentway.Pinkandgreenbubblesaresimplynature’sdesign.36.Lightreflectedfromtheouterandinnerlayersofabubbleinteractsby______.A.combiningintostrongerlightB.eitheraddingtogetherorreducingeachotherC.absorbingeachothertomakeasinglecolourD.passingthroughthebubblewithoutchanging37.Whydoweneverseeaperfectlyredsoapbubble?A.Redlightalwaysmixeswithothercolours.B.Redistooweaktobeseenonabubble’ssurface.C.Thebubble’ssurfaceabsorbsredlightcompletely.D.Thesoapinthebubblepreventsredlightfromreflecting.38.Whatpointdoesthewritermakeinthelastparagraph?AIt’snicethatthenaturalworldisfilledwithuncertainties.B.It’sgoodthatthenaturalworldfollowsclearscientificrules.C.It’ssadthatwedonothingtochangethecoloursofsoapbubbles.D.Itisfrustratingtoseethesoapbubblesworkinginaconsistentway.39.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Whylightissoappealing.B.Howsoapbubblesaremade.C.Howlightcreateswondersinnature.D.Whysomecoloursdon’tappearinsoapbubbles.【答案】36.B37.A38.B39.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是肥皂泡呈现颜色的原理，以及为什么我们看不到某些颜色（如红色）的肥皂泡。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Justlikeripplesonapond,thelightreflectedfromtheinsidetravelsabitfartherandmayormaynotmatchupwiththelightreflectedfromtheoutside.Ifthewavesstrengtheneachother,thecolourofthatwavelengthbecomesvisible.(就像池塘里的涟漪一样，从内部反射出来的光线会多走一段距离，可能与从外部反射出来的光线相遇，也可能不相遇。如果这两股波浪相互增强，那么那个波长的颜色就会变得可见。)”可知，从气泡的外层和内层反射的光通过加或减相互作用。故选B。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“However,wedon’tseethemseparatelybecausethesoapfilm’sthicknessoftenproducesamixofcolours.Interestingly,thethicknessthatenhancesredalsoenhancesviolet.Butinsteadofseeingboth,weonlyseepink.(然而，我们不能单独看到它们，因为肥皂膜的厚度经常会产生混合的颜色。有趣的是，增强红色的厚度也增强了紫色。但我们看不到两者，只看到粉红色。)”可知，我们从来没有看到一个完美的红色肥皂泡是因为红光总是和其他颜色混在一起。故选A。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Everysoapbubblefollowsthesamerules,nomatterhoworwhereit’smade.It’sactuallycomfortingtoseetheuniverseworkinginsuchaconsistentway.Pinkandgreenbubblesaresimplynature’sdesign.(每个肥皂泡都遵循同样的规则，不管它是在哪里或如何制造的。实际上，看到宇宙以如此一致的方式运行是令人欣慰的。粉色和绿色泡泡是大自然的设计。)”可知，作者在最后一段提出的观点是自然界遵循明确的科学规则是件好事。故选B。【39题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Butifyoulookclosely,you’llnoticesomethingodd—bubblesshowpink,green,yellow,andsometimesblue,butwherearetheothercolours?Whydon’tweseebrightred,deeppurple,orwarmorangefloatingintheair?(但如果你仔细观察，你会发现一些奇怪的事情——气泡显示粉红色、绿色、黄色，有时是蓝色，但其他颜色在哪里？为什么我们看不到鲜红色、深紫色或暖橙色在空中飘浮？)”可知，本文主要讲的是肥皂泡呈现颜色的原理，以及为什么我们看不到某些颜色（如红色）的肥皂泡，因此D选项“Whysomecoloursdon’tappearinsoapbubbles.(为什么有些颜色不出现在肥皂泡里。)”是文章的主旨。故选D。(B)HulaDancingHulaisatraditionalNativeHawaiiandancethathasbeenpracticedforcenturies,servingmultiplepurposessuchasstorytelling.religiousexpression,andentertainment.ItisadeeplyculturalandartisticformofmovementthatreflectsHawaiianhistory,values,andbeliefs.MusicalInstrumentNativeHawaiianscraftedtheirmusicalinstrumentsusingmaterialsfoundintheirenvironment,suchasseeds,wood.gourds,andshells.Theseinstrumentsweredesignednotonlytocreatesoundbutalsotoreflectthenaturalbeautyandharmonyoftheislands.Eventoday,manyHawaiianscontinuethepracticeofmakingtheseinstrumentsbyhand,preservingthetraditionaltechniquespasseddownthroughgenerations.HulaBasicsLocateaflat,smoothsurfacetoensurestability.Removeyoursocksandshoesforbettercontrol.Positionyourfeetapproximatelyfourinchesapart,maintainingabalancedstand.Slightlybendyourkneesandrestyourhandsonyourhips(髋部).Initiatemovementwithyourrightfootbysteppingtotheright,bringingyourleftfootalongsideit.Takeanothersteptotheright,thengentlytapyourleftfootbesideyourright.Repeattotheleft.Oncecomfortablewiththefootwork,addarmmovements.Whenyoustepright,bendyourleftamandraiseittoyourchestwithyourelbow(手肘)straightout.Extendyourrightarmstraightouttotheside.Dotheoppositewhenyoustepleft.HandGesturesThehandgesturesinhuladancingserveasavisuallanguage,enhancingthestorytellingaspectoftheperformancebysymbolizingelementsofnatureandemotions.·TorepresentRAIN,gracefullyliftbotharmsaboveyourhead,thenlowerthemslowlyinfrontofyouwhiledelicatelymovingyourfingers,imitatingfallingraindrops.·ForFLOWER,liftyourhandswithyourfingertipspressedtogether,creatingtheshapeofablossom.·ToillustrateWIND.extendyourlefthandforwardwhilecirclingyourrighthandaboveyourheadtwice.·ToshowtherisingSUNorMOON,beginwithyourhandstogetheratwaistlevel,thenmoveeacharmoutwardandupwardinasmootharc(弧线)overyourhead.Finally,formtheshapeofthesunormoonbybringingyourfingertipstogether.40.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthesignificanceofhuladancing?A.ItreflectsHawaiians’character.B.IthelpskeepHawaiianculturealive.C.ItrelatesHawaiianstomodernsociety.D.ItrepresentsHawaiianpeople’screativity.41.Whichofthefollowingisadistinctfeatureofhuladancing?A.Dancersrelyonfastmovementswithnosetform.B.Dancersjumpandturntoshowthewonderofnature.C.Dancersremaininoneplacewhilemovingtheirhands.D.Dancersusespecificstepsandarmmovementstogether.42.Thefollowingpicturesshowsomehandgesturesinhuladancing.WhichtwoofthemrepresentFLOWERandWIND,respectively?A.2and3. B.1and4 C.2and4. D.1and3.【答案】40.B41.D42.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍夏威夷草裙舞，涵盖其文化意义、舞蹈基础，以及特色的舞步、手势与乐器知识。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“HulaisatraditionalNativeHawaiiandancethathasbeenpracticedforcenturies,servingmultiplepurposessuchasstorytelling,religiousexpression,andentertainment.ItisadeeplyculturalandartisticformofmovementthatreflectsHawaiianhistory,values,andbeliefs.(草裙舞是一种传统的夏威夷本土舞蹈，已经传承了几个世纪，具有多种用途，如讲故事、宗教表达和娱乐。它是一种具有深厚文化和艺术内涵的舞蹈形式，反映了夏威夷的历史、价值观和信仰。)”可知，草裙舞作为一种有着悠久历史的传统舞蹈，承载着夏威夷的文化、历史、价值观和信仰等。由此推知，它有助于让夏威夷文化得以延续下去，即帮助保持夏威夷文化的活力。故选B。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据HulaBasics部分“Oncecomfortablewiththefootwork,addarmmovements.Whenyoustepright,bendyourleftarmandraiseittoyourchestwithyourelbow(手肘)straightout.Extendyourrightarmstraightouttotheside.Dotheoppositewhenyoustepleft.(一旦对步法感到适应，就加上手臂动作。当你向右迈步时，弯曲你的左臂并将其举到胸前，手肘伸直。将你的右臂伸直向一侧伸展。当你向左迈步时，做相反的动作)”可知，草裙舞的一个明显特点是舞者要将特定的舞步和手臂动作结合起来。故选D。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据HandGestures部分“ForFLOWER,liftyourhandswithyourfingertipspressedtogether,creatingtheshapeofablossom.(对于‘花’，抬起你的手，使指尖压在一起，形成一朵花的形状)”可知，图片1中指尖压在一起形成花的形状，符合“花”的手势；“ToillustrateWIND,extendyourlefthandforwardwhilecirclingyourrighthandaboveyourheadtwice.(为了表现‘风’，伸出你的左手向前，同时右手在头顶上方绕圈两次)”可知，图片3中左手向前伸出，右手在头顶绕圈，符合“风”的手势。所以代表“花”和“风”的手势分别是图片1和图片3。故选D。(C)Intheearly20thcentury,HenryFordrevolutionizedindustrialproductionbyintegratingmovingproductionlineswithmasslabor,greatlyloweringmanufacturingcostsandtransformingtheautomobilefromaluxuryitemintoanaccessiblemeansoftransportation.Today,asimilarshiftisunfoldingintheserviceindustry,asdigitalplatformsusetechnologicaladvancementsandon-demandlabortodeliverservicesthatwereonceexclusivetothewealthy.CompaniessuchasUber,Handy,andInstacarthavespecialconsumeraccess,enablingindividualstosecurepersonaldrivers,householdassistance,andgrocerydeliverieswithminimaleffort.However,thescopeoftheon-demandeconomyextendsfarbeyondconvenienceservices.Increasingly,essentialprofessionalareas,includinghealthcare,legalconsultation,andbusinessadvisoryservices,arebeingrestructuredthroughdigitalplatforms.StartupslikeMedicast,Axiom,andFfacilitateinteractionsbetweenindependentprofessionalsandclientsinneedofspecializedexpertise.Althoughstillemerging,thiseconomicmodelisexpandingatanunparalleledpace:Uber,establishedin2009,nowoperatesinover50countriesandhadalreadyreachedavaluationof$40