上海牛津高一下 不定式

GrammarinfinitiveUnit21To-infinitive2做演讲很累。我想问您一个很难的问题。爱因斯坦收到很多邀请，邀他去阐述自己的理论。他的母亲逼迫他离开家。为了容纳更多人，上海音乐厅被扩建。老实说，我很高兴。他似乎坐在那里，专注地思考着。Togivelecturesistiring.I’dliketoaskyouadifficultquestion.Einsteinreceivedmanyinvitationstoexplainhistheories.Hismotherforcedhimtoleavehome.Toseatmorepeople,theShanghaiConcertHallwasmadelarger.Totellyouthetruth,Iwashappy.Heseemedtobesittingthereandthinkinginconcentration.3动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成不定式在句中可做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语和独立结构等，但不能单独作谓语。

ThefunctionsofTo-infinitive41.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用51._________和_________都可以作主语动名词多指抽象的，概念性的动作，或者是多次经常性的行为不定式多表示具体的动作，尤指是某一次的动作。Eg:___________________________

isdangerous.玩火很危险。另外，并行结构问题__________isbelieving.______istobelieve.眼见为实。Playingwithfire/ToplaywithfireSeeingToseetodosthdoingsth1.作主语62.动词不定式做主语时，为了句子平衡，通常用it做形式主语，而把不定式放在谓语之后。例如：

It’s+adj.(easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,betteretc.)forsb.todosth.It’s+adj.(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate,silly,selfishetc.)ofsb.todosth.73、Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthehomeworkeveryday.作主语我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。Ispendthreehoursfinishingthehomeworkeveryday.84、Itcostssbsomemoneytodosth.----Itcostme100yuantogettheTVsetrepaired.9大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流可以互相讨论下，但要小声点105、Itis+n.(forsb)todosth.ItismypleasuretohelpyouwithyourEnglish.

作主语good/badmanner,pity,shame,pleasure11_________hasnotbeendecidedyet.

什么时候动身还没有决定呢。_____________ortakeatrainisstillaproblem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题6.“疑问词+todo”WhentoleaveWhethertodrive12二、不定式作宾语(1)请牢记下列小诗：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine/makeupone’smind/bedetermined,learn,want/wouldlike/desire,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan/prepare,agree,ask/beg,help,afford,strive,attempt等也要用不定式作宾语。例如：①Shepretended__________(notsee)mewhenIpassedby.②Weagreed___________(meet)herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.③Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate–runcompaniesarestriving_______(make)theirproductsmorecompetitive.nottoseetomeettomake13todo/doing忘记去做某事忘记已经做过某事记住去做某事记得曾经做过某事后悔/遗憾要做某事后悔做过某事停下来去做另一件事停止做某件事情努力/试图做某事尝试着做某事意欲/想/企图做某事意味着做某事接着做另一件事继续做同一件事不能帮助做某事情不自禁地做某事14Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(2)think/consider/find/makeit+adj.+todoThe

chairman

thought

___

necessary

to

invite

Professor

Smith

to

speak

at

the

meeting.(05全国)

A.

that

B.

it

C.

this

D.

him153、动词＋疑问词+todo

Idon’tknow____________next.

Shecan’tdecide_________________.

作宾语

2、她不能决定买哪本书。

1、我不知道接下来该做什么。whattodowhichbooktobuy=Shecan’tdecidewhichbooksheshouldbuy.know,findout,learn,wonder…161.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining2.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffDC173.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned4.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsBB181、动词+宾语（sb./sth.)+todosth.1、Theteacheraskedhertoanswerthequestion.2、Thedoctortoldmetohaveagoodrest.

对宾语进行补充说明

常用动词有：beg,request,invite,ask,tell,get,require,desire,urge,allow,advise,push,drive,press,force,threaten,warn,want,wish,expect,wouldlike/love,作宾补特别注意：hope,demand,suggest，refuse,welcome等不能用不定式作宾补。19特例：allowpermitforbidencourageadviserecommendHerecommendedmetochangemywayoflife.Irecommended(you)meetinghimfirst.Herparentsencouragehertoloseweight.doingsb.todo202、动词+宾语+(tobe)adj.他们都相信这篇报道是真实的。They

all

believe

the

story

_________.我们都感到这个计划是不明智的。We

all

felt

the

plan

___________.认为他是最佳人选发现中国人很幸福tobetruetobeunwise21吾看三室两厅一感觉一感：feel二听：hear,listento三使：make,let,have五看：see,notice,watch,lookat,observeJohn’smothermakeshimplaythepianoeveryday.被动（除let）：John_________playthepianoeveryday.ismadeto3、动词+宾语+不带to的不定式特别注意1：感官动词+do/doing特别注意2：havesb.doing让人持续做某事have/getsth.done让别人干某事，遭受到havesthtodohavesthtobedone特别注意3：makeoneselfunderstood/heard使自己被听到/被理解224、不定式用在but,except,otherthan后时,如果这些词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么不定式不带to,相反则带to.Hedidnothingbut___(wander)onthestreet.Wehadnothingtodobut/otherthan_____(wait).

Ican’tchoosebut________(laugh).注意：另外在can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,can’tbut后面的不定式也要省略to。23不定式在句型S.besaid/thought/considered/found/known/believed+todo/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavedone/tohavebeendoing

中作主语补足语。Thefluisbelieved____________(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.Bellwasbelieved__________(invent)thetelephone.Sheissaid________(write)abook,butIdon’tknowwhenshewillfinishit.tobecausedtohaveinventedtobewriting241.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donotto2.The

greedyinn-keeperoncemadethepoorhero____twiceaday.（2001上海）A．dance

B．dances

C．danced

D．to

dance253.----Is

Bob

still

performing?

----I’mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.

（2005全国高考江苏卷）

A.

to

have

left

B.

to

leave

C.

to

have

been

left

D.

to

be

left26

todo/tobedone表将来Thecar__________isforhissister.即将被买的车是送给他姐姐的。Thehomework_________isassignedbyMiss.Gu~即将要写的作业是英语老师布置的。tobeboughttobedone作定语272.用来修饰被序数词，最高级或no,all,any等修饰的词.Shewasthefirst______________.她是第一个知道真相的人。Youaretheonlyone____________.你是唯一一个迟到的人。toknowthetruthtobelate283.一些名词后加不定式Hisattempttoexplaintheworkingsofuniverseledtothedevelopmentofnuclearenergy.Hereceivedmanyinvitationstoexplainhistheory.294.不及物动词，或者不定式修饰的词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，要带上相应的介词Ineedapentowrite______.Shewantsachairtosit____.Heislookingforaroomtolive___.Thereisnothingtoworry_____.withoninabout30()1.Ifthebuildingproject________bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.A.beingcompletedB.iscompletedC.tobecompletedD.completedC31目的状语

注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用inorderto或soastodosth作状语322.结果状语①Onlytodo表示出人意料、意想不到的结果Wehurriedtotherailwaystationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.②enoughtodo,too…todo结构Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Heistooexcitedtonotlaugh.33不定式相当于名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”。这些名词：work,plan,proposal,task,mission,ambition,hobby,suggestion,aim,通常用不定式做表语解释其内容是什么。Ourworkistoservethepeople.Hishobbyistocollectstamps.Myambitionistoworkforafirm.Yourfirstmissionistostopweeping.作表语34

2.系动词remain，seem后的表语

remain__________尚待被怎样…..remain_________仍然保持做某事的状态remain_________仍然(未)…tobedonedoing_done(undone)35(1)Itremains_______(see)whetheryouareright.(2)Aftertheearthquake,veryfewhousesremained_______(stand)．(3)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain_______untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.seatedB.seatingC.tositD.sat

seem__________似乎要….

seem____________似乎正在……。seem_____________似乎已经……

(1)Sheseems__________herhomework.她好像做完了她的家庭作业。(2)Itseems______________.好像要下雨了。(3)Heseems______________hishomework.他好像正在做作业.todotobedoingtohavedone36七.独立成分,修饰全句totellyouthetruthtobehonesttobeginwithtoconcludetobesuretobefrank37否定式：nottodo38动词不定式的时态1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.㈠.一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）与谓语动词几乎同时发生或不强调时间性，或之后发生。39㈡.进行式(tobedoing)1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.2.Hepretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercamein.

强调不定式所表示的动作正在进行。40㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语之前。411.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper__________inbroaddaylight

yesterday.A.beingrobbedB.havingbeenrobbedC.tohavebeenrobbedD.robbedC42(4)完成进行式tohavebeendoing

例如：完成进行式表示动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。

Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.

我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。43动词不定式的语态㈠.主动式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.2.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示动作的执行者时.44㈡.被动式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.2.Heclaimed____inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadly

D.tohavebeenbadlytreated.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.45Idon’twant________likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesoundedA46课堂精练1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake2.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelieved________inafire.A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyedcD473.Asaresultofmylaziness,Ifailed________myworkintime.A.andfinished

B.tofinish

C.andfinishing

D.tofinished4.Robertissaidto__________abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingBA48Myjobwastowashbottles,whichwouldthenbefilledwithwine,or_______thefilledbottlesinboxes.A.toputB.puttingC.havingputD.beingput

A491.Joestoppedeatingchocolate,andhewentback___________again.A.tosmokingB.tosmokeC.smokingD.smoke2.Helenhadtoshout_________abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheardBD503.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_______thefilmstarhadalreadyleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told4.Thedriverturnedhiscarsharplytothelefttogivethewaytotherunningbullonly_______atreebytheroad.A.toknockintoB.knockingintoC.toknockatD.knockedoverBA51课堂精练1.Wearenotallowed__________outdoorswithsomeotherchildren.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.toplayD.beplaying2.Myfamilyconsiders________acomputer,whichisconsidered________agreathelpinourworkandstudy.A.tobuy;tobeB.buying;beingC.tobuy;beingD.buying;tobeCD523.---Willyouhaveanybody_________theflowers?----Yes,I’llhavetheflowers_________.A.plant,plantedB.toplant,plantedC.plant;tobeplantedD.toplant,plant4.Thiscompanywasthefirst____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.producedAB535.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake6.Helenhadtoshout______abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheardCD547.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen_______,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard

D551.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.

A.lear