2021-2022学年重庆市七校高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）（不含听力音频）

2021-2022学年重庆市七校高二上学期期末考试英语试题本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。★注意事项：1．答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2．答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3．答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。4．所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）（改编）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthewomandothisafternoon?A.Goforawalk.B.Washherclothes.C.Goshopping.2.Whydidthegirlfailthetest?A.Shegotalltheanswerswrong.B.Sheleftthetestsheetblank.C.Shewrotetheanswersinthewrongplace.3.Whattypesofbooksdoesthemanlikereadingnow?A.Lovestories.B.Sciencefiction.C.Detectivestories.4.WhatwillCeliado?APlaybasketball.B.Findaplayer.C.Watchagame.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Listentosomelightmusic.B.Stopplayingsuchloudmusic.C.Lookattheplanesoverhead.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Atalibrary.B.Inapostoffice.C.Inabookstore.7.Howmuchshouldthemanpayintotal?A.$2.13B.$10.C.$12.30.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Schoolmates.C.Colleagues.9.Whydidthemanchangehisschool?A.Hisfamilymovedthere.B.Hewasanexchangestudent.C.Hedislikedhispreviousschool.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhydoesMichaelfeelsorry?A.Heforgothisgrandmother’sbirthday.B.Heishavingalotofproblemsinstudy.C.Hehasn’tcalledhisgrandmotherforalongtime.11.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Michael’sschoolaffairs.B.Michael’sbirthday.C.Michael’sgrandfather.12.HowdoesMichaelprobablyfeelwhenapplyingforthecollege?A.Confident.B.Disappointed.C.Worried.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anintroductionofazoo.B.Atriptoazoo.C.Kids’favoritetrip.14.Howlongdothespeakerswanttostay?A.About4hours.B.About5hours.C.About6hours.15.Wherewillthespeakersprobablyeatlunch?A.Athome.B.Atthezoo.C.Atarestaurant.16.Whatcantheyexperienceatthezoo?A.Catchinglittlebirds.B.Givingeggstosnakes.C.Givingfoodtoelephants.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whereisthetalkgiven?A.Atabirthdayparty.B.Ataroutinemeeting.C.Atanopeningofaclub.18.WhydoesthespeakergiveJoanMilleraspecialwelcome?ATothankherforhercoming.B.Towishherahappybirthday.C.Toinvitehertojointheclub.19.Whatcantheparticipantsdoafterlunch?A.Haveabirthdayparty.B.Chatwitheachother.C.Cleanthemeetingroom.20.Whatcanbeoneoftheclub’saims?A.Offeringcompanionship.B.Donatingfood.C.Expandingmembers.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（原创）ManyworkershavehadnochoicebuttoadapttoworkingfromhomeinrecentmonthssinceofficesshutdownduetotheCOVID-19pandemic(新冠疫情).Andthenoisysituationandendlesshouseworkmayresultinaterribleemotion.Anewoptioniswaitingforyou.ThatisWFH:workfromahotel.HotelFigueroAspecialprogramtitledWorkPerksaimstorepositionsomeof94-year-oldHotelFiguero’s268roomsasday-useoffices.AccordingtoManagingDirectorConnieWang,theset-uplaunchedinJuneandisagreatopportunitytogetoutoftheirhouseswithhigh-speedWi-Fi,unlimitedprintingprivilegesandfreeparking.The350-square-footroomssellfor$129perday,withanoptiontoextendtoanovernightstayforanadditional$20.TheWytheAboutiquehotelinBrooklyn.Thehotelrecentlyannouncedapartnershipwithco-workingofficespacecompanyIndustriousthroughwhichitisrecycling13second-storyguestroomstoserveasofficesforuptofourpeople.Eachoftheroomshasasmalloutdoorplatform,anddogsarewelcome.Pricingstartsat$200andgoesupto$275,dependingonhowmanypeopleusethespace.HotelsByDayYannisMoatifoundedHotelsByDaybackin2015.Thatcompanyhasgrowntoincludemorethan1,500hotels,andhasseenasignificantincreaseinthenumberofinquiriesforday-usebookingslately.Moatisaidthecurrentsituationwillforcehotelstoupgradethemselvestostayalive,andhepredictedthatofferingroomsforday-useonlyisoneofthedirectionstheywillgo.1.Howmuchdoesaroomcostfora24-hourstayinHotelFiguero?A.$129. B.$149. C.$200. D.$275.2.WhatmayespeciallyattractconsumerstoTheWythe?A.Itallowspetsin.B.Ithasthebestperfectlocation.C.Itprovidesworkerswithlargerrooms.D.Itchargesmoneycheaperthanotherhotels.3.WhatdoweknowaboutYannisMoati?A.HestartedaprogramtitledWorkPerks.B.Hehasupgradedatleast1,500rooms.C.Heusuallypredictseverythingcorrectly.D.HeisoptimisticabouttheWFHtrend.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则广告。疫情结束遥遥无期，但是许多美国人感觉在家里的日子已经过不下去了。这时，许多酒店抓住这一商机，推出了专供白天使用的房间作为房客的办公室，有高速Wi-Fi，有免费的停车位，还可以随便打印。文章介绍了三家酒店的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据HotelFiguero部分第二段中“The350-square-footroomssellfor$129perday,withanoptiontoextendtoanovernightstayforanadditional$20.”（这种350平方英尺的房间日租费用为129美元，多花20美元就可以过夜。）可知，在HotelFiguero过24小时（一天一夜）要花$129+$20=$149。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据TheWythe部分第二段中“Eachoftheroomshasasmalloutdoorplatform,anddogsarewelcome.”（每个房间都有一个室外小露台，而且可以带狗进入。）可知，TheWythe允许宠物进入，可能会特别吸引消费者。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Moatisaidthecurrentsituationwillforcehotelstoupgradethemselvestostayalive,andhepredictedthatofferingroomsforday-useonlyisoneofthedirectionstheywillgo.”（Moati说，当前的形势迫使酒店通过自我改造来维持生存，他还预测，提供专供白天使用的房间将会是酒店业发展的一个方向。）可知，Moati认为WFH(在酒店工作)是酒店发展的一种趋势，所以他对WFH(在酒店工作)的趋势持乐观态度。故选D项。B（原创）FireCaptKevinLloydarrivedatthesceneofacaraccidentinWestPoint,Utah,northofSaltLakeCity.Apregnantwomanandherscreaming2-year-olddaughterweretrappedinthecar.Whilehispartner,AllenHadley,wastendingtothedriver,Lloydcouldn’tgetthefrightenedgirltocalmdown.Hesawshewasholdingseveralbottlesofnailpolish,andthenhehadabetteridea.Heaskedherifshewantedtopainthisnails.Soonhereyeslitup.Atthesametime,Hadleyshoweduptocheckonthescene.Lloydhadcalmedherdownandwasintheprocessofgettinghisfingerspainted.ThenHadleyjustputhishandinthere.Thegirlbegantocolorhisnailspink.Bythistime,shewasnotonlycalm,butshewasalsohappy.Thegirl’smotherwasnotinjured.Shethankedthemforhelpingherdaughterfeelbetter,andtheyallchuckled,lookingatthenails,andtooksomephotos.Thefirefightersbroughtthephotosbacktotheheadquartersandshowedthemaround.Thedepartmentputthemuponthesocialmedia,andthousandsofpeopleresponded,withmanythankingthefirefightersforgoingoutoftheirwaytocalmdownafrightenedgirl.FireChiefMarkBecraftsaidhehadbeensurprisedatalltheattention.Hesaidhewasproudofhisfirefighters,andaddedthathehadknownmembersofthedepartmentwhohaddonemanythingsthatweren’tpartofthejob.Afterthefact,LloydandHadleyhadasmallmattertotendto:thelayersofpolishontheirnails.Theyboughtabottleofnailpolishremoverandusedalmostallofit.4.Whywasthe2-year-oldgirlfrightened?A.Hermotherwasseverelyinjured.B.Hernailswerehurtbythebottles.C.Shesufferedatrafficaccident.D.Shewasscaredtoseefirefighters.5.Whichistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“chuckled”inParagraph4?A.Hugged. B.Laughed. C.Bowed. D.Sighed.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethetwofirefighters?A.Courageous. B.Generous. C.Determined. D.Considerate.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.ATrafficAccident B.PinkNailsC.AFrightenedGirl D.TwoFirefighters【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在车祸现场，一个两岁的小女孩由于受到惊吓一直无法镇静下来，消防员为了让她镇静下来，就让她给自己涂指甲，后来他们拍了一些照片。其后，消防部门把当时的照片上传到社交媒体上，数千人给予回应，消防员的这种做法获得了好评。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“acaraccident”（车祸）以及“Apregnantwomanandherscreaming2-year-olddaughterweretrappedinthecar.”（一名孕妇和她尖叫着的2岁女儿被困在车里。）可知，小女孩害怕是因为她遭遇了车祸。故选C项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Thegirlbegantocolorhisnailspink.Bythistime,shewasnotonlycalm,butshewasalsohappy.”（女孩开始把他的指甲染成粉红色。这时，她不仅平静了，而且也很开心。）以及第四段“Shethankedthemforhelpingherdaughterfeelbetter”（她感谢他们帮助女儿感觉好些）可知，那位母亲感谢消防员安慰自己的女儿，看着被涂了粉红色指甲油的指甲，他们都笑了，推测划线单词表示“笑”，与laughed同义。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Bythistime,shewasnotonlycalm,butshewasalsohappy.”（这时，她不仅平静了，而且也很开心。）以及第五段“thousandsofpeopleresponded,withmanythankingthefirefightersforgoingoutoftheirwaytocalmdownafrightenedgirl”（数千人响应，许多人感谢消防队员特意让一名受惊的女孩平静下来。）可知，消防员让小女孩给自己涂指甲，这不仅使小女孩镇静下来，而且使她开心；在社交媒体上，很多人感谢消防员们设法安慰那个受了惊吓的小女孩，由此可推断，这两名消防员是为他人着想的。故选D项。【7题详解】标题判断题。通读全文，文章主要讲述了两位消防员在车祸现场让一个受惊小女孩给自己涂粉红色指甲油，使得小女孩镇静下来，消防员的这种做法获得了好评，所以“粉红色指甲油”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。C（改编）RichasaKingWilliamI,whoconqueredEnglandsome930yearsago,hadwealth,powerandanarmy.YetalthoughWilliamwasveryrichbythestandardofhistime,hehadnothinglikeaflushtoilet(抽水马桶),orridinglawnmower(除草机).Howdidhegetby?Historybooksarefilledwithwealthypeoplewhowerepoorcomparedtome.Ihavestormwindows,Croesusdidnot.EntirenationstrembledbeforeAlexandertheGreat,buthecouldn’tbuycatfood.CzarNicholaslackedanelectricsaw.GivenhowmuchbetteroffIamthansomanyfamousdeadpeople,you’dthinkI’dbecontent.Thetroubleisthat,likemostpeople,Icomparemywealthwiththatoflivingpersons:neighbors,schoolclassmates,famousTVpeople.ThegreedIfeeltowardmyfriendHoward’snewkitchenisnotreducedbythefactnokingseverhadarefrigeratorwithglassdoors.Thereisreallynorisingorfallingstandardofliving.Overthecenturiespeoplesimplyfinddifferentthingstofeelsadabout.You’dthinkthatsimplynothavingdiseasewouldputusinagoodmood,butno,wewantahotbathtoo.Ofcourse,onewaytoachievehappinesswouldbetorealizethatevenbytoday’sstandardsthethingsIownareprettynice.Myhouseissmallerthanthehousesofmanyinvestmentbankers,butevensoithasalotmoreroomsthanmywifeandIcankeepclean.Besides,topeoplelookingbackatourerafromacenturyortwointhefuture,thesebankers’fancycountertopsandmyownwornFormicawillseemequallyshabby.Ican’tkeepupwithmyneighborsrightnow.Butjustwait.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1&2?A.Whataluxurylifetheyonceled!B.Thereweresomanygreatrulersinhistory.C.Theycouldeasilygainwealththanaveragepeople.D.Theymightnotliveinasatisfactorywayintheeyesofthewriter.9.Howmanyhistoricalfiguresarementionedtocomparelivesinthepastandpresent?A.2. B.3. C.4 D.510.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorproposesto______.A.tellustobecontentwithlife B.encourageustostruggleforwealthC.recommendlivinginasimpleway D.teachustolearnlessonsfromlife11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardslife?A.Indifferent. B.Cautious. C.Uncertain. D.Positive.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。无论一个人多么的富有，但是用未来人的角度来看，其生活质量都不是很好的，因此作者建议大家要对未来充满信心，也要满足当下的生活。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“YetalthoughWilliamwasveryrichbythestandardofhistime,hehadnothinglikeaflushtoilet(抽水马桶),orridinglawnmower(除草机).”（然而，尽管以当时的标准来看，威廉一世非常富有，但他没有像冲水马桶或割草机这样的东西。）和第二段“Historybooksarefilledwithwealthypeoplewhowerepoorcomparedtome.”（历史书里有很多富人，但他们比我穷。）可知，尽管威廉一世在他那个时代很富有，但是他没有像抽水马桶、除草机这一类现代人生活才出现的东西，所以在作者看来，他们的生活方式可能并不令人满意。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。通读全文，文章提到了WilliamI（威廉一世），Croesus（克罗伊斯），AlexandertheGreat（亚历山大大帝），CzarNicholas（沙皇尼古拉斯），总计四位历史人物，来对比过去和现在。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ofcourse,onewaytoachievehappinesswouldbetorealizethatevenbytoday’sstandardsthethingsIownareprettynice.”（当然，获得幸福的一个方法是认识到，即使按照今天的标准，我拥有的东西也相当不错。）可知，作者建议我们要对当前拥有的东西感到满意，对生活感到满足。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Besides,topeoplelookingbackatourerafromacenturyortwointhefuture,thesebankers,fancycountertopsandmyownwornFormicawillseemequallyshabby.”（此外，对于那些在未来一两个世纪回顾我们这个时代的人来说，这些银行家们华丽的工作台面和我家的装饰材料看起来同样破旧。）可知，作者认为生活会随着时代的发展而进步，所以作者对待生活的态度是积极乐观的。故选D项。D（改编）Plantbreeding(育种)isthescienceofchangingthecharacteristicsofplantsinordertoproducedesiredones.Genesinaplantarewhatdeterminewhattypeofcharacteristicsitwillhave.Plantbreederstrytocreateaspecificoutcomeofplantsandpotentiallynewplantvarietiesbychangingthegenesoftheplantsthroughbreeding,whichismakingnewplantsfromparentsofdifferentvarietiesorspecies.Peopleallovertheworldarearguingaboutitsbenefitsanddisadvantages.Somepeopleusethetechnologytoproducedesiredcharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Otherpeopleareconcernedthatthegeneticallyengineeredplantsmayharmtheenvironmentandworriedthattheymaybedangerousforpeopletoeat.Therearemanyreasonsforchangingplantsinthisway.Internationaldevelopmentagenciesbelievethatbreedingnewcropsisimportantforensuringfoodsecuritybydevelopingnewvarietiesthatarehigheryielding,disease-resistant,drought----tolerantorregionallyadaptedtodifferentenvironmentsandgrowingconditions.Forexample,somegeneticallyengineeredplantscanlivethroughfrostordraught.Asaresult,farmerscanmakemoreprofitbecausefewerplantswilldie.Somegeneticallyengineeredplantsaremorenutritious.Theyhavelessfat,tastebetterorstayfresherthannon-geneticallyengineeredplants.Thiswillallowpeopletobuybetter-qualityfruitandvegetables.Somecanresistnaturalpestsandvirusesspreadbyinsects.Thisreducestheamountofchemicalneededtokillpests,whichishelpfultotheenvironment.However,geneticallyengineeredplantscancauseunexpectedproblems.Geneticallyengineeredplantsthatresistpestsmaypassonthatcharacteristictoawildrelative.Thismaycausethewildplanttospreadfast,becausepestsarenotnaturallykillingit.Theycanalsoharmanimals.Atypeofcornhasbeendevelopedwhichkillsaspeciesofinsectthatdestroysit.Thepollen(花粉)fromthiscorn,however,canalsokillmonarchbutterflies----themostbeautifulofallbutterflies,whichdonotharmthecorn.Geneticengineeringisaverynewscienceandwehavealottolearnaboutthegooditcandoandthedamageitcancause.Themainconcernisthatnotenoughtestsarebeingdonetoensureitissafe.12.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheobjectiveofplantbreeding?A.Tochangethegenesofplants.B.Toproducepreferableplantvarieties.C.Tobeautifytheenvironment.D.Toassessthevalueofthepractice.13.Whycouldplantbreedingensurefoodsecurity?A.Becausefoodisofbetterquality.B.Becausedroughtandfrosthardlyhappen.C.Becausefarmerscanmakemoremoney.D.Becausehigherproductionisguaranteed.14.Howcansomegeneticallyengineeredplantsbenefittheenvironment?A.Lessharmfulchemicalsareused.B.Theycanadapttodifferentenvironments.C.Somebeautifulbutterfliesarekilled.D.Thefoodtheyproducetastebetterorstayfresher.15.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthetext?(①=Paragraph1,②=Paragraph2,③=Paragraph3,④=Paragraph4，⑤=Paragraph5，⑥=Paragraph6)A. B.C. D.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了植物育种。人类运用科学技术改变植物特性，培育出了具有优良特点的植物后代，他们能确保粮食的安全性，但同时也带来一系列不可预知的后果。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第一段第一句“Plantbreeding(育种)isthescienceofchangingthecharacteristicsofplantsinordertoproducedesiredones.(植物育种是一门科学，通过改变植物的特质以培育出人们想要的品种)”可知，植物育种的目的是培育具有优良特点的植物后代。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Somegeneticallyengineeredplantsaremorenutritious.Theyhavelessfat,tastebetterorstayfresherthannon-geneticallyengineeredplants.Thiswillallowpeopletobuybetter-qualityfruitandvegetables.Somecanresistnaturalpestsandvirusesspreadbyinsects.Thisreducestheamountofchemicalneededtokillpests,whichishelpfultotheenvironment.（一些转基因植物更有营养。它们比非转基因植物脂肪更少，味道更好或更新鲜。这将使人们能够买到质量更好的水果和蔬菜。有些可以抵抗自然害虫和由昆虫传播的病毒。这减少了杀虫所需的化学制品的数量，这对环境是有益的）”可知，植物育种技术下的作物营养价值高，口感好，质量好，且因其抗病抗虫还减少了化学杀虫剂的使用量，从而减少了植物上的化学杀虫剂的残留，所以植物育种技术可以确保作物的安全性。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Somecanresistnaturalpestsandvirusesspreadbyinsects.Thisreducestheamountofchemicalneededtokillpests,whichishelpfultotheenvironment.(有些可以抵抗自然害虫和由昆虫传播的病毒。这减少了杀虫所需的化学制品的数量，这对环境是有益的）可知，转基因品种可以增强对害虫的抵抗力，少用化学杀虫剂即保护环境。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据全文段落发展来看，第一段“Plantbreeding(育种)isthescienceofchangingthecharacteristicsofplantsinordertoproducedesiredones.(植物育种是一门科学，通过改变植物的特质以培育出人们想要的品种)”，第二段“Peopleallovertheworldarearguingaboutitsbenefitsanddisadvantages.(全世界的人都在讨论它的好处和坏处)”，可知第一、第二段为引出话题：植物育种的利弊。第三段中心句“Therearemanyreasonsforchangingplantsinthisway.(以这种方式改变植物有很多原因)”，第四段“Thiswillallowpeopletobuybetter-qualityfruitandvegetables.Somecanresistnaturalpestsandvirusesspreadbyinsects.Thisreducestheamountofchemicalneededtokillpests,whichishelpfultotheenvironment.(这将使人们能够买到质量更好的水果和蔬菜。有些可以抵抗自然害虫和由昆虫传播的病毒。这减少了杀虫所需的化学制品的数量，这对环境是有益的)”可知，第三、第四段都是讲述了植物育种的好处。第五段中心句“However,geneticallyengineeredplantscancauseunexpectedproblems.(然而，基因工程植物可能会引起意想不到的问题)”可知，第五段讲述了植物育种带来的弊端。最后一段“Geneticengineeringisaverynewscienceandwehavealottolearnaboutthegooditcandoandthedamageitcancause.(基因工程是一门非常新的科学，关于它的好处和危害，我们还有很多要学习)”可知，第五段为总结全文。C项符合本文的语篇结构。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）（改编）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesaftertheirstudysession.____16____.Nowwewillexploresomeno-costwaysthatcanhelpyouimproveyourlearning.____17____.Perhapstheylookattheirphoneorcomputer.Theymightevenplayavideogameorwatchtelevision.Butresearchsuggeststhatrestingafteryoustudymayhelpyourememberwhatyoustudies.AstudypublishedinthejournalPLOSOneexaminedhowwellolderpeoplewhowereingoodhealthcouldremembercertainwords.Intwodifferentexperiments,researchersfoundthatolderadultswhorestedfor10minutesafterlearningnewwordshadbettermemoryofthosewords.“Aperiodofwakefulrestimmediatelyafternewlearningincreasesfreerecallofverbalmaterial,”theresearcherswrote.“____18____.”Inadditiontowakefulrest,sleepisalsoimportantforlearning.AreportonthewebsiteofHarvardMedicalSchoolexplainsthatapersonlackingsleepcannotfocusattentionandthereforecannotlearnefficiently.____19____.Thatisessentialforlearningnewinformation.RobertStickgoldisadoctorandsleepexpertatHarvardMedicalA.NewmemoriescanbehardtokeepB.TheresultswerestrongevenaftersevendaysC.NowyouhavetwosuggestionsforhowtolearnnewinformationD.ManystudentsoftengostraighttoanotheractivityafterfinishingstudyE.Byreducingyouractivityafterstudy,yourbraingetsachancetorestF.ItalsosayssleepitselfhasaroleinstrengtheningmemoryG.Butwhatyoudoafterstudyingcouldhaveaneffectonhowwellyoulearn【答案】16.G17.D18.B19.F20.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两种在学习之余巩固学习成果的方法：清醒的休息和睡眠。【16题详解】上文“Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesaftertheirstudysession.”（许多学生学习时很少考虑课后会发生什么）说明很多学生不考虑课后的问题，以及下文“Nowwewillexploresomeno-costwaysthatcanhelpyouimproveyourlearning.”（现在我们将探索一些可以帮助你提高学习的免费方法。）说明将为学生提供提高学习的方法，设空处承上启下，应说明学习后所做的事情可能会影响学习，G项“但是你在学习后做的事情可能会影响你的学习效果”符合题意。故选G。【17题详解】下文“Perhapstheylookattheirphoneorcomputer.Theymightevenplayavideogameorwatchtelevision.”(他们可能会看手机或电脑，甚至也可能玩视频游戏或看电视。)说明学生完成学习之后可能会做的事情，D项中anotheractivity是关键词，说明学生所做的活动，D项“许多学生通常在完成学业后直接参加另一项活动”符合题意。故选D。【18题详解】上文““Aperiodofwakefulrestimmediatelyafternewlearningincreasesfreerecallofverbalmaterial,”theresearcherswrote.”(研究人员写到“学习新知识后，立即进行一段清醒的休息可以增加对语言材料的自由回忆。”)说明清醒的休息会产生好的效果，增加对语言材料的自由回忆，B项“即使在七天后，结果仍然很明显”进一步说明效果，符合题意。故选B。【19题详解】上文“AreportonthewebsiteofHarvardMedicalSchoolexplainsthatapersonlackingsleepcannotfocusattentionandthereforecannotlearnefficiently.”(在哈佛医学院网站上的一篇报道称，一个缺乏睡眠的人不能集中注意力，因此也不能高效地学习。)说明缺乏睡眠不利于学习，空处应继续说明睡眠对于学习的影响，F项中sleep是关键词，说明睡眠对增强记忆方面有作用，F项“它还说睡眠本身在增强记忆方面也有作用”符合题意。故选F。【20题详解】下文“Whenwefirstformmemories,they’reinaveryrawandfragileform.”(当我们最初形成记忆时，它们是非常原始和脆弱的)说明最初形成的记忆是不容易保留的，A项“新的记忆可能很难保持”符合题意。故选A。第II卷第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）（原创）WhenZouHongyanwelcomedherson—DingDingtotheworldin1988,terriblebirthcomplications(病发症)lefthimdisabledforlife.Doctoradvisedhertogivehimup,aviewthatevenherownhusbandshared,astheybelievedtheboywouldleadapainful,____21____life.Zou,however,____22____doctor’sadvice,divorcedherhusband,and____23____savingherbabyboy.Zoutookonatleastthreejobsatthesametimeto___24___herfamily.Inhersparetime,she____25____tookhersontoarecoveryhospital.Meanwhile,shelearnedhowtomassage(按摩)hismusclesandwouldplayintelligence____26____andpuzzleswithhim.Themotheralsoinsistedfromthestartthathersonwouldlearnto____27____hisdisabilitiesasfaraspossible.Forexample,Dinghadproblemscoordinating(协调)his____28____movements,andfounditdifficulttousechopsticks.____29____manyrelativessaiditwasperfectlyunderstandable,Zoukepton___30___himtodoso.“Ididn’twanthimtofeel_____31_____ofhisphysicalproblems.”Shesaid,“Iwasquitestrict_____32_____him,sohecouldcatchupwithotherswherehehaddifficulties.”Becauseofmother’spersistenceandendlesslove,DingDingsucceededinhis_____33_____studies.In2011,hegraduatedwithadegreeinenvironmentalsciencefromPekingUniversity.In2016,afterworkingfortwoyears,Dingwas“IneverdaredtodreamofapplyingtoHarvard.”Dingsaid,“_____35_____wasmymotherwhoneverstoppedencouragingmetogiveitatry.WheneverIhaddoubts,shewouldguidemeforward.”21.A.meaningful B.informal C.vital D.worthless22.A.ignored B.believed C.advocated D.thanked23.A.calledon B.insistedon C.approvedof D.gavein24.A.adopt B.support C.devote D.maintain25.A.regularly B.unusually C.merely D.gradually26.A.roles B.games C.exams D.music27.A.accept B.oppose C.overcome D.stand28.A.head B.gesture C.waist D.hand29.A.Since B.If C.While D.Unless30.A.reminding B.training C.committing D.informing31.A.ashamed B.amused C.tired D.excited32.A.to B.about C.with D.in33.A.scientific B.effective C.potential D.academic34.A.admitted B.obtained C.obeyed D.applied35.A.She B.That C.It D.What【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.B25.A26.B27.C28.D29.C30.B31.A32.C33.D34.A35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位叫做邹红艳的母亲得知自己的儿子丁丁生病之后不离不弃，一直悉心照顾孩子，最终，丁丁从北大毕业，并去哈佛法学院学习，这一切都要感谢他的母亲。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生建议她放弃他，这一观点甚至连她自己的丈夫都同意，因为他们认为男孩会过着悲惨的、没有价值的生活。A.meaningful有意义的；B.informal非正式的；C.vital至关重要的；D.worthless没有价值的。根据上文“terriblebirthcomplicationslefthimdisabledforlife”可知，丁丁一出生就患有疾病，所以此处表示他们认为男孩会过悲惨的、没有价值的生活。故选D项。22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，邹不理睬医生的建议，与丈夫离婚，坚持拯救她的男孩。A.ignored不理睬；B.believed相信；C.advocated支持；D.thanked感谢。根据上文“Doctoradvisedhertogivehimup”以及下文“and____3____savingherbabyboy”可知，邹红艳选择不理睬医生的建议，坚持拯救自己的儿子。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，邹不理睬医生的建议，与丈夫离婚，坚持拯救她的男婴。A.calledon拜访；B.insistedon坚持；C.approvedof赞成；D.gavein屈服。根据下文“savingherbabyboy”可知，此处表示邹红艳坚持拯救自己的儿子。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：邹同时做了至少三份工作来供养家庭。A.adopt采用；B.support供养；C.devote投入；D.maintain维护。根据上文“tookonatleastthreejobs”可知，邹红艳做至少三份工作是为了供养家庭，supportherfamily表示“供养她的家庭”。故选B项。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在空闲时间，她会定期带她儿子去康复医院。A.regularly定期；B.unusually不寻常地；C.merely仅仅；D.gradually逐渐地。根据下文“tookhersontoarecoveryhospital”以及常识，丁丁得病了，所以邹红艳会定期带他去康复医院治疗。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同时，她学会如何按摩儿子的肌肉，还会陪儿子玩智力游戏和拼图游戏。A.roles角色；B.games游戏；C.exams考试；D.music音乐。根据下文“andpuzzles”可知，此处表示她会陪儿子玩智力游戏和拼图游戏。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位母亲也从一开始就坚持要求儿子尽可能去学习克服自己的残疾障碍。A.accept接受；B.oppose反对；C.overcome克服；D.stand忍受。根据下文“Ididn’twanthimtofeel_____11_____ofhisphysicalproblems”可知，邹红艳不希望丁丁因为身体问题感到羞愧，所以此处表示她坚持要求儿子克服残疾障碍。故选C项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：丁丁的手部运动不协调，用起筷子来非常困难。A.head头部；B.gesture手势；C.waist腰部；D.hand手。根据下文“founditdifficulttousechopsticks”可知，丁丁使用筷子很困难，结合常识，可知丁丁的手部运动不协调。故选D项。【29题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然很多亲戚说这种情况完全可以理解，但是邹仍然坚持训练儿子握筷。A.Since自从；B.If如果；C.While尽管、虽然；D.Unless除非。结合语境，空处表示“虽然”，应用while引导引导让步状语从句。故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然很多亲戚说这种情况完全可以理解，但是邹仍然坚持训练儿子握筷。A.reminding提醒；B.training训练；C.committing承诺；D.informing告知。根据上文“____9____manyrelativessaiditwasperfectlyunderstandable”可知，虽然很多亲戚说明情况可以理解，但是邹红艳仍然希望丁丁学会用筷子，坚持训练儿子握筷。故选B项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不想他因为身体疾病感到羞愧。A.ashamed感到羞愧的；B.amused好笑的；C.tired疲倦的；D.excited兴奋的。根据下文“ofhisphysicalproblems”可知，此处表示因为身体疾病感到羞愧。故选A项。【32题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我对他非常严厉，这样他就可以在遇到困难的时候赶上其他人。Ato到；B.about关于；C.with和；D.in在……中。根据语境，此处表示邹红艳对丁丁非常严厉，bestrictwith为固定搭配，表示“对……严厉”。故选C项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于母亲的坚持和无穷无尽的爱，丁在他的学术研究方面取得成功。A.scientific科学的；B.effective有效的；C.potential潜在的；D.academic学术的。根据下文“In2011,hegraduatedwithadegreeinenvironmentalsciencefromPekingUniversity.In2016,afterworkingfortwoyears,Dingwas_____14_____intoHarvardLawschool.”可知，丁获得北大学位，后来又被哈佛大学录取，可知他在学术研究方面取得成功。故选D项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年，在工作了两年后，丁被哈佛法学院录取。A.admitted准许进入；B.obtained获得；C.obeyed服从；D.applied申请。根据“HarvardLawschool”，此处表示丁被哈佛法学院录取，beadmittedinto表示“被录取”。故选A项。【35题详解】考查固定句型。句意：是我的母亲，她从不停止鼓励我尝试。A.She她；B.That那；C.It它；D.What什么。分析句子，本句为强调句，使用固定句型“Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分.”，强调mymother。故选C项。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）（原创）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。LastSundayafternoon____36____(witness)thecompetitivevolleyballfinalontheplayground,____37____sparkedstudents’burningpassionforsports.Onthevolleyballcourt,allthestudentsinGradeThreegot____38____(active)involvedinthegame.Withcheerleadersandvolleyballfansenthusiastically____39____(cheer)round,playerswerefiercelycompeting____40____thechampionship.Finally,thechampionteam____41____(present)withanawardandtheleaderaddressedanexcitingspeech.Hearingthespeech,allthepeoplefelt____42____(inspire).____43____moststudentsthoughthighlyofwasthatitnotonlyprovidedaplatf