2024高考英语二轮题海特训营4阅读理解细节理解四

PAGEPAGE1阅读理解-细微环节理解四1、

Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust(反垄断)regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsaresbeingraisedbythegiants(巨头)thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.

Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime,Thegiants'successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery,Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata).Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.

Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.

Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.

Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomoveformtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms'dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bormthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.

Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakeformit.Govemmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers'consent.

RestartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasyButifgovemmentsdon'twantsadataoconomybyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.1.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?A.Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket

B.Theycollectenormousprivatedata

C.Theynolongerprovidefreeservices

D.Theydismissedsomenew-borngiants2.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?A.Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensive

B.Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirms

C.Datacanstrengthengiants’controllingposition

D.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts3.Bypayingattentiontofirms’dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould

.A.killanewthreat

B.avoidthesizetrap

C.favourbiggerfirms

D.chargehigherprices4.Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants’controlofdata?A.Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.

B.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.

C.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.

D.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.2

、ElNino,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.

Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.

ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.

ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.

Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?

A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.

B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.

C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.

D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.

2.WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?

A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.

B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.

C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.

D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.

3.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat_________.

A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction

B.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid

C.victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensation

D.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst

4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin.

B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño.

C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño.

D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño.3、

WhileWeChatisChina'sbiggestmobilemessagingapp(应用软件),therearemanyequivalent(相当的)appsinothercountriesthatoffersimilarfeatures(特征).WhatsApp(US)

Users:morethan300million

Platforms:Android,10S,WindowsPhone,BlackBerry

Features:Textchat,push-to-talk,filesharing,locationsharing

Withmorethan300millionactiveusers,WhatsAppisoneofWeChat'sbiggestcompetitors.Developedbytwoex-Yahoo!employeesin2009,WhatsApporiginallyfocusedontextchat,butonAug6italsostartedpush-to-talkservice.It'snotedforitsaccessibility,easeofuseandtheabsenceofadvertisements.Theserviceisfreeforthefirstyear,afterwhich$0.99(6.06yuan)ischargedforone-yearsubscription.KakaoTalk(SouthKorea)

Users:morethan100million

Platforms:Android,iOS,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryandBada(anoperateingsystemdevelopedbySamsung)

Features:Textchat,groupchat,push-to-talk,groupcalls,filesharing

Withmorethan100millionusersinmorethan230countries,KakaoTalkisamulti-platform(多平台)textingapplicationthatallowsuserstosendandreceivemessagesforfree.WithKakaoTalk,userscanmessageeachotherone-ononeoringroupchatswithunlimitednumbersoffriends.Youcanalsochoosefrommorethan250animatedemoticons(表情符号)andsharethemwithfriends.Line(Japan)

Users:morethan200million

Platforms:Android,iOS,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryandPC

Features:Textchat,groupchat,push-to-talk,filesharing,locationsharing,gaming,stickers.

Linetopsthelistofthemostdownloadedfreeappsin52countries.Apartfromtextandvoicemessaging,Lineprovidesitsuserswithmorethan250originalstickersandemoticonstobuyfromitsownshop.Inthefirstquarterof2013alone.itmade$,7millionjustfromstickers.ThepopularappalsoallowsfriendstobattleeachotherintheLINEGame.1.Thefirstparagraphofthepassageisusedto_______.

A.introducethemostpopularmobilemessagingappsinChina

B.talkaboutnewfeaturesinthelatestmobilemessagingapps

C.drawreaders'attentiontovariouspopularmobilemessagingapps

D.explainhowmobilemessagingappshavebecomesopopular

2.Comparedwiththeothertwoapps,whichofthefollowingfeaturesmakesLinestandout?

A.Groupmobilegames.

B.Freestickersandemoticons.

C.Freedownloadoftheapp.

D.Textandgroupchat.

3.OneofthepopularfeaturesofWhatsAppisthatusers_______.

A.cansendandreceivemessagesforfree

B.canenjoylivevideochatswithingroups

C.don'tneedtoworryaboutunwantedads

D.regularlysetfreestickersandemoticons4、

DuringthepastSpringFestival,manychildrenmayhavereceivedredpacketsfromtheirfamilies.ButXingPu,a40-year-oldeconomist,isaskingthegovernmenttogiveredpacketstoeveryChinesecitizen.

Xingsuggestedthegovernmentgiveout1,000yuantoeachChinesesincethegovernmentincomehasincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.Hesaidhissuggestionwouldalloweveryonetodirectlyenjoythefruitsofthecountry’seconomicsuccess,helpthelower-incomegroupsdealwithrisingpricesandincreaseconsumption(消费)aroundthecountry.

Recentyearshaveseenthegovernmentcarryoutaseriesofpro-poor(扶贫)andpro-rural(惠农)policies(政策),includingincreasingspendingonpublichealth-careandcuttingdowntheagriculturaltax.Butthelower-incomegroupstillneedsmorehelp.

XingsaidhehasborrowedmanyideasfrompracticesincountriesliketheUnitedStatesandSingapore.Earlierthisyear,thegovernmentsofthetwonationsofferedcashhandouts(救济)totheircitizens.AsforinChina,“Wecanevenencouragetherichtodonatetheir1,000yuanredpackettothepoor,”saidXing.

AlthoughXing’ssuggestionhasgainedwidesupportamongordinaryChineseontheInternet,manyothereconomistscriticizeditasunpractical.“Tobetterusetheincreaseofmoney,handingoutmoneyisnotasolutionthatholdsgoodforalltime.Itcouldbebettertoimprovethepublicserviceorcutthepriceofenergyuseindailylife,”saidQiaoXinsheng,aneconomicprofessor.1.XingPusuggestedthatthegovernmentgiveout1,000yuantoeachChinesebecause________.

A.thepoorshouldgethelpfromtherich

B.thegovernmentshouldhelptherich

C.thegrowingeconomicpieshouldbesharedamongthepeople

D.thegovernmentdoesn’tknowhowtousethemoney

2.Whathasthegovernmentdonetohelpthelower-incomegroup?

A.Spendinglessonpublichealthcare.

B.Increasingtheagriculturaltax.

C.HandingoutmoneytoeveryChinese.

D.Carryingoutpro-poorandpro-ruralpolicies.

3.XingPu’sideasofgivingredpacketstoeveryChinesecitizenmainlycamefrom________.

A.childrenreceivingredpacketsfromtheirfamilies

B.theUSandSingaporegovernmentsofferingcashhandoutstotheircitizens

C.thegovernment’sincreasingspendingonpublichealthcare

D.therisingpricesinthecountry

4.AccordingtoQiaoXinsheng,whatisbetterthangivingoutmoney?

A.Supplyingfoodtoeveryoneeveryday.

B.Cuttingthepriceofenergyuseindailylife.

C.Controllingtherisingofprices.

D.Increasingthegovernmentincome.5、

Rockmusicinoneformoranotheristhemostpopulartypeofmusicallovertheworld.Butwherediditcomefrom?

RockbeganintheUSAintheearly1950s.Atthattime,“rhythmandblue”music

wasverypopularwithblackAmericans.“R&B”wasamixtureofblackreligiousmusicandjazz.Ithadstrongrhythmsthatyoucoulddancetoandsimple,fastwords.

NoticingthesuccessofR&Bmusic,whitemusiciansstartedtocopythesamestyle.Bythemid-1950s,thisnewwhiteR&Bmusic,calledrock’n’roll,hadbecomeverypopular.SingerslikeElvisPresleyandBillHaleyattractedmillionsofteenagefans.Theirmusicwasfastandloud.Manyolderpeoplethoughtthatrock’n’rollwasverydangerous.

Bytheearly1960s,evenrock’n’rollhadbecomeold-fashioned.Manyofthesongshadbeguntosoundthesame.ItwasatthattimethatanewgroupfromEnglandbecamepopular—theBeatles.

TheBeatlesfirststartedbysingingAmericanstylesongs,buttheysoondevelopedtheirownstyle,withmorecomplicatedtunes.Theyalsointroduceddifferentinstruments.GroupsliketheBeatleshadaveryimportantinfluenceonthestyleofpopularmusic.

Bytheearly1970s,rock’n’rollhaddevelopedintoanewformofmusic.Electronicshadreplacedtheamplifiedguitarsanddrumsofrock’n’roll.“Rock”hadarrived.

Rockmusichadcontinuedtochangeanddevelop.Ithadcombinedwithmusicfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Today,therearehundredsofdifferenttypesofrockmusic,andalmosteverycountryhasitsownformofrock.1.Whenhadrock’n’rollbecomeverypopular?

A.Bythemid-1950s.

B.Bytheearly1960s.

C.Bythemid-1960s.

D.Bytheearly1970s.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheBeatles?

A.ItwasnotanAmericangroup.

B.Thisgrouphadtheirownstyle.

C.ThisgroupmadeAmericanstylesongspopular.

D.Thestyleofpopularmusichadbeeninfluencedbythisgroup.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatElvisPresleyandBillHaley________.

A.weresingersof“R&B”

B.weresingersinthemid-1950s

C.weremembersoftheBeatles

D.werepopularwitholdpeople

4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.PopularMusic

B.TheHistoryofRockMusic

C.DifferentFormsofMusicinAmerica

D.TheBeatles6、

Iwasreadingtheseinterestingstoriesbehindagroupofgreatlogosintheworld.PersonallyNikeismyfavoriteone—it’ssosimple.AndIlikedthestoriesbehindthem,whichmademeforgetallotherthings.McDonald’s,Apple,MercedesBenzandAdidasowngreatlogosaswell,andtheyareamongmyfavorites.

Nike

IntheGreekmyth,Nikeisthegoddessofvictoryandthesourceofinspirationforsoldiers.ThislogorepresentsthewinginthefamousstatueoftheGreekgoddess.Nike’slogowasdesignedbyCarolynDavidsonin1971for$35,andwasregisteredasatrademarkin1995.

McDonald’s

Thelogowasdesignedin1962byJimSchindlertoresemblethearchshaped(拱形的)signsonthesideofthecompany’sthenwalk-uphamburgerstand.Lateron,thetwogoldenarcheswerecombinedtogethertoformtheM.TheMcDonald’snamewasaddedtothelogoin1968.

Apple

TherearedifferentstoriesbehindApple’slogo.ThefirstlogowasareferencetothereligiousstoryofAdamandEve,inwhichtheapplerepresentedthefruitoftheTreeofKnowledge.Oneyearlater,thesecondlogowasdesignedin1977byStevenJobsandRonaldWayne,anditdescribedSirIsaacNewtonsittingunderanappletree.Thislogodidn’tstaylong.OneyearlateritwasreplacedalmostimmediatelybygraphicdesignerRobJanoff’s“rainbowapple”,arainbow-coloredsilhouette(轮廓)ofanapplewithabitetakenoutofit.Andthentherainbow-coloredapplewasreplacedbytheone-coloredlogoin1998.Ithasnotbeenchangedsofar.

MercedesBenz

TheMercedesBenzlogo,whichwasoriginallycreatedbyGottliebDaimlerin1909,consistsofasimpledescriptionofathree-pointedstarthatrepresentsitsruleoftheland,theseaandtheair.ThecompanywasfoundedbyGottliebDaimlerandWilhelmMaybach.MercedesisthenameofMaybach’selderdaughter,whileBenzcameasaresultofacombinationwithBenz,Cie.andDMGin1926.1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestoriesofthegreatlogos?

A.Theyareboring.

B.Theyareattractive

C.Theyareoutofdate.

D.Theyarepractical

2.WhatdoesNike’slogostandfor?

A.Thegoddessofvictory

B.Thesourceofinspirationforsoldiers

C.ThewingoftheGreekgoddess

D.ThestatueoftheGreekgoddess

3.WecanlearnthatApple’spresentlogois______.

A.thereligiousstoryofAdamandEve

B.Newton’ssittingunderanappletree

C.abittenapplewithonlyonecolor

D.therainbow-coloredbittenapple

4.Whichofthefollowingtimeordersdescribesthebirthsofthegreatlogos?

A.Nike–McDonald’s–Apple–MercedesBenz.

B.MercedesBenz–McDonald’s–Nike–Apple.

C.MercedesBenz–Apple–Nike–McDonald’s.

D.Nike–MercedesBenz–McDonald’s–Apple.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A;2.C;3.B;4.D解析：1.推理推断题,依据其次段第一句中的“Suchsituation"可知答案在第一段,第一段示意出分化商业巨头的缘由是他们限制了数据市场,故答案为A项。

2.细微环节理解题.依据第三段最终两句可知答案是C项。

3.细微环节理解题.依据第五段其次、三句可知选B项。

4.推理推断题.依据第六段可知,大数据规则的松动可以让小公司获得更多的机会,故选D项。2答案及解析：答案：1.D;2.C;3.A;4.D解析：1.细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句ElNiñoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了海洋中水流方向的变更。故D正确。

2.细微环节理解题。依据其次段其次句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiño,onbalance,thantheylose.可知富有国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得到的好处要大于所得到的坏处。接着在第三句中列举了1997年的厄尔尼诺给美国经济带来的好处。故C项正确。

3.推理推断题。依据第四段第三句AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.依据ODI的观点,为应对厄尔尼诺政府应当做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺现象的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和复原。故A项正确。

4.目的意图题。本文主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响,并告知我们的政府应当做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和复原。再依据最终一句“SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.”各国政府要把削减损失放在优先的位置。也就是要事先做好打算。故D项正确。3答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.A;3.C解析：1.推理推断题。依据第一段的内容可推知,第一段在文章中起导入作用,以引起读者对各种移动沟通应用软件的关注,故选C项。

2.细微环节理解题。依据文章对三个不同移动沟通应用软件特色的介绍可知,日本的Line有gaming和stickers这两个特殊的功能,结合选项可知,故选A项。

3.细微环节理解题。依据WhatsApp(US)部分的It'snotedforitsaccessibility,easeofuseandtheabsenceofadvertisements.可知,WhatsApp受人欢迎的特点就是没有广告。故选C。4答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.D;3.B;4.B解析：1.细微环节题。依据Hesaidhissuggestionwouldalloweveryonetodirectlyenjoythefruitsofthecountry'seconomicsuccess,helpthelower-incomegroupsdealwithrisingpricesandincreaseconsumption(消费)aroundthecountry.可知XingPu建议政府给每个中国人发1000元是因为经济增长的果实应当大家共享。

2.细微环节题。依据Recentyearshaveseenthegovernmentcarryoutaseriesofpro-poor(扶贫)andpro-rural(惠农)policies,includingincreasingspendingonpublichealthcareandcallingofftheagriculturalt