英语教学课件Module 3 Life now and then Unit 3 Language in use

Module3LifenowandthenUnit3LanguageinusePeoplearewealthier

today,andtheylive

longerthantheydidinthepast.Butpeopledon’ttakeasmuchexerciseastheyusedto.

Morepeoplehavecars,andtheywalkorusetheirbikesless.Weeatbetterandwelivelonger.Languagepractice一、形容词和副词的句法功能1.形容词的句法功能Linahasahealthylifestyle.位于名词前作定语

Thatquestionsoundsstupid.位于连系动词之后作表语Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.作宾语补足语注意：当形容词修饰复合不定代词(something,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody等)时，形容词要放在复合不定代词的后面。2.副词的句法功能(1)副词一般作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。(2)often,usually,always,sometimes,never等频度副词位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。GrammarⅠ:

形容词与副词

形容词和副词的句法作用1.形容词的用法形容词一般放在名词之前作定语，或放在系动词之后作表语，或作宾语补足语。形容词作定语，一般都是放在名词之前，但若修饰不定代词something,anything等则后置。Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.(宾补）

Theywerekind

andnice.(表语）

Canyouseetheoldtreethere?(定语）

Isthereanythingfunnyinthepapertoday?

作定语，常置于被修饰词的前面。

Heisagoodactor.2.作表语，置于(连)系动词后面。

Thebabyisstillasleep.Willyoupleasemakelessnoise?3.作宾语补足语，置于宾语后面。

Haveyougoteverythingreadyforthemeeting?形容词在句中的作用及位置alive,afraid,awake,alone,asleep等表语形容词作定语需后置。Whoisthegreatestmanalive?谁是当今最伟大的人物？仔细观察下面句子，你能找到有关形容词的规律吗？Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事要告诉你。英语单词中something,anything,nothing等不定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词放在不定代词后面。away，long，wide，high，deep，old等词附有数量词语说明时需后置。Theroadisabout50metreswide.这条路大约50米宽。Heisamanfullofenergy.他是一个充满活力的人。形容词+介词短语或不定式短语作定语需后置。Theweatherhereisverypleasant.这里的天气很宜人。形容词作表语位于连系动词之后。形容词作宾语补足语，位于宾语之后。Thenewsmadehermotherveryangry.这消息使她妈妈很生气。Tiredandhungry,hereturnedhome.他又累又饿地回到家里。形容词或形容词词组作状语使用时，可放在句首、句中或句尾。副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。常用的有：ago,before,now,then,soon,already,yet,here,there,up,down,above,below,inside,outside,where,very,much,so,too,quite,enough,easily,quietly,also,too,only等。在句中用作状语、表语、定语、宾补等成分。2.副词的用法Ourschoolisverybeautiful.Itwasratherhotthatday.Hestudiesmuchhardernow.1.副词修饰形容词、副词时，放在它所修饰的词的前面。一、副词在句中的位置2.频度副词、程度副词可放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实意动词之前。ShehasneverbeentoBeijing.

她从未去过北京。Theystayedathome

lastnight.昨晚他们在家。Lastnight(时间副词)theystayedathome(地点副词).3.时间副词和地点副词一般位于句尾。如两种副词同时出现，一般地点副词放在时间副词之前，也可将时间副词放在句首。Pleaselistencarefully.请认真地听讲。Pleaselistentomecarefully.请认真地听我讲。4.方式副词修饰及物动词可在及物动词前或宾语后，修饰不及物动词在修饰的动词后或在介词+宾语后。Thepeoplehereareveryfriendly.这里的人都很友好。1.副词作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词后。一、副词在句中的作用Thelightisstillon.电灯还在亮着。Herofficeisjustabove.她的办公室就在上面。2.副词作表语表示位置，位于系动词后。I’mpleasedtoseeyouback.看到你回来我很高兴。3.副词作宾语补足语位于宾语后。Reviewtheparativedegreeandsuperlativeadjectivesandadverbs.

大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。GrammarⅡ:构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加er,esttall

greattaller

greatertallest

greatest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以le结尾的双音节词只加r,stnice

large

ablenicer

larger

ablernicest

largest

ablest1).构成

单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加er,est来构成比较级和最高级。以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母，再加er,estbig

hotbigger

hotterbiggest

hottest少数以er,ow结尾的双音节词末尾加er,estclevernarrowcleverer

narrowercleverest

narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级carefulmorecarefulmostcareful3).形容词、副词等级的用法1.原级的用法

只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too。Heistootiredtowalkon.他太累了走不动了。MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.

我哥哥跑得太快了,我跟不上他。2.原级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”。TomisasoldasKate.汤姆和凯特一样大。“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”。TomrunsasfastasMike.汤姆和跑得一样快。(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙…”。Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.这个房间没有那个大。“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙…”。Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.他走得没有你走得慢。

形容词和副词的比较等级1.常用的比较级的句型：1)A+谓动词+比较级+than+B.MaryisyoungerthanBetty.HegotupearlierthanIdidthismorning.2)主语+动词+the比较级+ofthetwo.(说明：在ofthetwo这样的比较范围或特指哪一个时,比较级前要加the)Tomisthetallerofthetwo.Lilyrunsfasterofthetwo.(3)“the＋比较级...,the＋比较级...”“越……，越……的”。Thestrongerourcountrygets,thehappierthepeoplewillbe.(4)“A＋be＋形容词比较级＋thananyother＋可数名词单数”＝“A＋be＋形容词比较级＋thantheother＋可数名词复数”，“A比其他任何……都……”，表示在同一范围内进行比较。Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.=Heistallerthantheotherboysinhisclass.1.the+最高级+of/in…常用的最高级表达方式：Jimisthetallestofthethree.吉姆是三个人中最高的。

Heisthemostdiligentstudentinhisclass.他是班上最勤奋的学生。最高级的句型2.选择疑问句ItisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.

这是我所读过的最有趣的一本书。3.the+最高级+定语从句Whoisthetallest,Tom,JackorBill?

汤姆、杰克和比尔,谁个子最高？比较级和最高级的修饰语应置于其所修饰的形容词或副词之前。常见的比较级修饰语有much,still,alot,even,far等。Heworksmuch

harderthanthen.他比那时工作要努力得多。比较级和最高级的修饰语Thisisbyfar

themostexpensivebagintheshop.

这是目前这家商店里最贵的包。常见的最高级修饰语有almost,byfar,far,much等。Completethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsinbrackets.Formanypeople,lifeisalot(1)______(easy)today.Medicineanddietareimproving,andpeoplearegetting(2)_________________(healthy)andliving(3)________(long).Butmunicationischanging(4)____________(fast)ofall.healthier/morehealthylongereasierfast/thefastest课堂活动01Today,withtheInternet,peoplecanmunicate(5)___________(easily)thaneverbeforewithfriendsallovertheworld.

Notallthechangesare(6)_____(good)ones.Morepeopledrivecarsinsteadofridingbikes,sotheyarenotas(7)____(fit)astheywere.Increasingtrafficmakestheroads(8)____________(crowded)thanever,anditalsomakespollution(9)______(bad).Wemustallworkhardertoreducepollution.moreeasilygoodfitmorecrowdedworseWorkinpairs.Lookatthetwopicturesandtalkabouthowthetownhaschanged.Usethewordsintheboxtohelpyou.02big,building,busy,house,modern,more,shop,street,tall,traffic,tree2.Therearemorecarsinthestreettodaythanitwas50yearsago.3.Thestreetsaremuchwiderandcleaner.4.Theenvironmentismuchbetter.5.Peoplearemuchbusierthanbefore.6.Thelifeismuchbetterthanbefore.7.Therearemoreshopsthanbefore.1.Thebuildingsaremuchtaller,muchmorebeautifulandmuchnewer.Thesampleanswers

Completethesentenceswiththewordsorexpressionsinthebox.1.We________havetimetogoonholiday.2.Wedonothavemuch_________timebecausewehaveimportantexamsthisyear.seldom

spare

heat,morethan,seldom,spare,speakup3.Nevergooutinthe______ofthedaywithoutahat.4.Youhaveto__________becausethestudentsinthebackcannothearyou.5.MrSmithis__________ateacher.Mostofhispupilsthinkofhimastheirfriend.heatspeakup

morethan

03Readtheemailandfindthreeexamplesthatshowlifewasharderinthepastthanitistoday.FROM:GranTO:ChristineSUBJECT:ThelivesofchildreninVictorianBritainDearChristine,YouaskedmeforhelpaboutyourschoolprojectthelivesofchildreninVictorian04Britain.Iwasalsointerested.Isearchedonlineandfoundoutthefollowing.InVictorianBritain,thousandsofpeoplecametothecitiestoworkinthefactories.Insteadofthegreen,opencountryside,peoplelivedinverysmallhouses,verycloseto

eachother,withnospaceforchildrentoplay.Familiesinthosedayswerequitebig.Often,therewerefourorfivechildreninonefamily,andtheyallhadtosleepinhousesofjusttworooms.Sometimes,awholestreethadtoshareoneoutsidetoilet.Canyouimaginethat?Mostofthebigcitiesweredirtyandunhealthy.Thepollutionfromfactoriesfilledtheair.Peopleputtheirrubbishoutsideinthestreets.Asaresult,thereweremanyillnesses.Andlifewasharderforchildreninthosetimes.Theydidn’talwaysgotoschool,becausetheyhadtoworkinstead.Manychildrenstartedworkinfactorieswhentheywereonlyfourorfiveyearsold.Theyworkedtwelvehoursadayindangerousjobsforverylittlemoney.Manywerehurtinaccidentswithmachines.Ihopethisishelpful.Writetomeifyouneedmoreinformation.Withlove,GranReadtheemailagain.Findsentencesthattellus:1.Therewasnotenoughlivingspaceforpeople.2.Mostofthebigcitiesweredirtyandunhealthy.3.Lifewasharderforchildreninthosetimes.05Writeexamples.Peoplelivedinverysmallhouses,veryclosetoeachother,withnospaceforchildrentoplay._______________________.3.________________________.LearningtolearnWhenyoudoalisteningorreadingexercise,youshouldreadtheinstructionscarefully.Thenyoucanfocusyourattentionjustontheinformationyouneed.Youdon’thavetounderstandeveryword.Listenandpletethetable.

GrandmotherMotherAgetostartschool

Agetostartwork

Agetogetmarried

Numberofchildren

Agetostopworking

8yearsold

14yearsold

18yearsold

fourchildren

50yearsold

6yearsold

22yearsold

24yearsold

onechildren

55yearsold

06Mygrandmotherhadeightbrothersandsisters.Shestartedschoolwhenshewaseightyearsoldandleftwhenshewasfourteen.Shedidn’tgotouniversity.Shestartedworkaftersheleftschool.Sheworkedveryhardinafactory.Shewenttoworkateighto’clockinthemorningandfinishedatsixo’clockintheevening.Sheworkedsixorevensevendaysaweekandhadonlyafewholidays.Shegotmarriedwhenshewaseighteenandhadababythefollowingyear.Shehadfourchildren.Shecontinuedworkinguntilshewasfiftyyearsold.ListeningMaterialMymotherstartedschoolwhenshewassixyearsold.Ateighteen,shewenttouniversity.Shestartedworkwhenshewastwentytwo.Sheworksasateacher.Sheworksfivedaysaweekandhasalongholidayinsummerandwinter.Shegotmarriedwhenshewastwentyfourandhadababythenextyear.Sheonlyhasonechild—me!Mymotherwillcontinuetoworkuntilshe’sfiftyfive.CarsThemoderncarhaschangedlifeagreatdeal.Beforetheinventionofthecar,peoplehadtotravelbyrail,onhorsebackorbyhorsedrawncarriage,oronfoot.Usinghorsesfortravelwasslow,andofcoursewalkingwasevenslower.Carsallowpeopletotravellongdistancesquickly,infortandconvenience.Thecaralsosolvedanenormousproblemcausedbyusinghorsesfortransportincities:manure!Thereweresomanyhorsesinlargecitiesthatitwasalmostimpossibletogetridofthemanure.Modernpeopleareusedtotheideathatcarscausepollution,butthefirstcarsactuallymadecitiescleaner!Workingroups.Readthemotionofthedebate.Healthismoreimportantthanwealth.Nowdecidewhoisforthemotionandwhoisagainstit.Youcanusesomeofthefollowingideas:Moduletask:Organisingadebate1.—WhatdoyouthinkofTom’sspeaking?—Noonedoes____inourclass.A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best2.—Whatacarefulboyyouare!—Thankyou.Infact,Tomdoeseverything___thanme.A.morecarefullyB.morecarefulC.muchcarefulBA一.单项选择。课堂训练3.—Thed