2025年北京市丰台区高三二模英语试卷（含答案）

北京市丰台区2024~2025学年度第二学期综合练习(二)高三英语2025.05本试卷共11页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。笔试共三部分(100分)第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。At22,ClaraParker,fullofartisticdreams,enteredtheartcollege.Butsoon,facingfinancialhardship,Clarahadtoquitschooltofinda1.Butopportunitieswererare.Justwhenshewasalmosthopeless,sheheardalocalminewashiring.2thetough,male-dominatedenvironment,sheappliedandgotthejob,becomingtheyoungestandonlyfemaleintheteam.Hercolleagues,3ofherability,startedtowhisperthatsheshouldleave.ButClarawasdetermined.Shespentherbreaksstudyingthemachınerymanuals,askingthemoreexperiencedminersforadvice.Gradually,shebecame4forthejob.Eveninthemidstoftheexhaustingminingwork,Claraneverletgoofher5forart.Duringhershortlunchbreaks,she’dquicklydrawthefacesofherfellowminers,tryingto6thetirednessanddeterminationintheirevesThesesketcheswereanartisticoutletaswellasawayforherto7withthepeoplearoundher.Onweekends,usingthelimitedpaintsshecouldafford,she'dcreatemoreelabaratepaintingsofthemine'sinside.Eachstroke(笔画)ofthebrushwasameansbywhichshecould8theexperiencesoftheweekandfindmeaninginthetoughjob.Clara'sartnotonlybroughtatouchof9totheotherwisedepressingminingenvironmensbutalsounitedtheworkersinasharedappreciationforhertalent.Now,Claraisasymbolofstrength.Whiledreamingofreturningtoartschool,shefindsherhiddencapabilitiesandresilience,provingunexpectedjourneyscaninspire10.高三英语第1页(共11页)1. A.project B.task C.way D.job2. A.Incontrastto B.Thanksto C.Inspiteof D.Apartfrom3. A.doubtful B.certain C.aware D.proud1. A.known B.qualified C.responsible D.grateful5. A.concern B.appreciation C.respect D.passion6. A.catch B.distinguish C.remove D.measure7. A.joke B.compete C.connect D.trade8. A.process B.explain C.escape D.compared. A.freedom Bwisdom C.humour D.beauty10. A.acceptance B.growth C.honesty D.innovation第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AHuangXuhua(1924.2-2025.2)wasoneofthe11(quiet#yetmostremarkablenationalheroes.Duringtheearlyhardyears,he12(conductresearchonChina'snuclearsubmarineallyearround.For30yearswhenhewasevenabsentfromfamilyletters,hehadmadehugesacrifices.13?(respectwidely,hewasnamedthemanwhobuilttheunderwaterGreatWall.Hisselflessdedicationandoutstandingcontributionswillalwaysberemembered.Mymotherisinhospital,14(battle)cancer.Everyday,Imakeitapoint1(visit)herandbringalongabunchofflowers.Thismorningwasnodifferent,butshegotmadatme.Sheaskedmenottospendmoneyonflowers,insistingthatIuseittohelppeopleinneed.Atthatmoment,witnessedwasthebeautifulwayamother'slovecouldrippleoutintotheworld.TheChinesesolarcalendar17(divide)theyearinto24solarterms.GraininEar(芒种),theninthsolarterm,beginsonJune5thisyear.The8larrivedofGraininEarsignifiestheripeningofcrows.Itisalsoabusyperiodforfarmers.Thesystemof24solarterms19(establish)zhousandsofyearsago.toguideagriculturalproduction.Thecultureremainsusefultodaytodirectpeoplesfivesthroughspecialfoods,cultural20(ceremony)andhealthylivingtips.高三英语第2页(共11页)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMobilityissuesaffectover1in5Americans.Theseindividuals,andtheirlovedones,knowhowdecreasedmobilitycanresultinlossofindependence,painandanincreasedriskoffalls.Theyareoftenstuckathome,missingoutonavarietyofactivities,inabadcyclethatreducestheirqualityoflife.Inthepast,mobilitydeviceslikescoøters(小型摩托车)andpowerchairsweretooheavyandbigtotransporteasilyNow,carbonfibermaterialinventedfortheaerospaceprogramhasbeenusedtocreatemeutimatelightmobilitydeviceIt'scalledtheJourneyAirElite—aninnovationunnkeanythingelseavamabletoday.Atonly26pounds,theJourneyAirElitecombineslightweightportabilitywithworldclassperformance.Itssimple-to-usejoystick(操纵杆)andpowerfuldual-motor(双马达)drivesystemenableyoutoziparoundquicklyandsafelyft'seasytomove,nevertips,fitseasilythroughdoorways,andcangorightuptoatableordesk.Onceyouaredone,justonepullontheseathandlefoldsitup.Thefold-downbackrestmakesiteveneasiertostoreandtransport.Itfeaturesflat-freetiresandbackanti-tippersforaddedconvenienceandsafety.Justimaginehowthischaircanimproveyourlifeandmakeiteasierforlovedonesandcaregiverstoaccompanyyoutoactivitiesandeventsyouwouldhavemissedinthepast.Don'tspendanotherdaystuckathome.Calltoday,andahelpful,knowledgeableconsultantwillhelpyougetaJourneyAirEliteofyourveryown.Don'twait—callnow!Whatmakesitthebest?Ultra-lightweightyetdurableSpeedyandflexibleComfortableandeasy-to-operate8-milerangeonasinglechargePerfectfordining,shopping,sightseeingandlotsmoreCalltoll-freenow1-888-530-1718Pleasementioncode606621whenordering.21.TheJourneyAirElitefitspeoplewho.A.enjoyoutdooractivitiesB.loveaerospaceexplorationC.needtocarryheavydevicesD.havedifficultymovingaround高三英语第3页(共11页)22TheJourneyAirElitehas.Aadual-driveoperationsystemB.aneasilyfoldablebackseathandleC.flat-freetiresforspeedingupquicklyD.specialmaterialsforalightweightdesign23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.TopromotethesaleoftheJourneyAirElite.B.Tocomparedifferenttypesofmobilitydevices.C.Tooutlinethedevelopmentofmobilitydevices.D.TointroducethefunctionsoftheJourneyAirElite.BIgrewupinaplacestrickenbyextremepoverty.Peoplestruggleddailyjusttoputfoodonthetable.BythetimeIturnedsixteen,myfather'shardworkhadpaidoff.Hehadovereighthundredstudentsacrossthreecampuses,andfinally,wecouldaffordaTV.That'swhenIbecamefixatedontheideaofowningamagicpencil,inspiredbyaTVseries.Themaincharacter,Sanju,coulddrawanythinghedesired,anditwouldcometolife.Despitebeingsixteenandknowingdeepdownthatthemagicpencilwasnothingmorethanafantasyforkids,apartofmestilllongedforit.Atnight,Idreamedofusingittotransformthelivesofthosearoundme.Butasthedayspassed,thepencilwasneverthere.Oneafternoonmymotheraskedmetothrowawaysomepotatopeelsandeggshells.Iwalkedtotherubbishdump,wrinklingmynoseasIgotclose.AsItossedourrubbishontotheheap,Isawagirlmyage.Shewassortingrubbishintopiles,oneforcans,oneforbottles.Nearby,boyswerefishinginthepileformetalusingmagnetsonstrings..Laterthatday,I.draggedmyfathertoseethechildrenatthedump.Iposedaquestionabouttheirabsencefromschool.Hesharedthattheirearningsfromgatheringdiscarded(废弃的)thingssustainedtheirfamilies—schoolingwouldleavetheirlovedoneshungry.Aswewalkedbackhome,Isawtearsonhischeek.Untilthen,I'dpinnedallmyhopesonsomeunseen,miraculousforcetocomealongandwipeoutthesufferinginourworld.NowIknewIwouldhavetodosomething.AsmuchasIwantedtohelpthechildrenfromthedump,mymotherwantedtoneupeveryone.Shelefttheextrapotofriceandchickenforapoorfamilyinourneighborhood.Wesharedourhomewithafamilyofsevenwhohadfallenonhardtimes.Andalthoughmyfather'sschoolwasn'treallymakingaprofit,hegaveawaymorethanahundredfreeplacesindifferentgradestopoorchildren.Hewishedhecouldhavegivenawaymore.高三英语第4页(共11页)Inspiredbywhatmyparentshaddone,Istartedvolunteeringatlocalcommunitycenters,helpingchildrenwiththeirstudiesandorganisingfooddrivesforfamiliesinneed.Gradually,Irealisedthatwhileamagicpencutmightnotexist,thepowertomakeadifferencelaywithinus.Together,wecouldcreateakindofmagicthatwasreaıandrasting.24.Thegirlatthedumpsortedrubbishintopilesto.A.collectitemsforpersonalDIYhobbiesB.supportherfamilybysellingrecyclablesC.completeassignmentsonwasterecyclingD.locatethenecessitiesthatcouldbereused25.Tohelpotherpeople,theauthor'sfamily.A.cookedspecialfoodforthepoorB.donatedschoolprofitstochildrenC.builtfreehousesforthehomelessD.providedfreeeducationforchildren26.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Realmagiccomesfromkindnessandeffort.B.Educationhasthepowertotransformlives.CThosedoinggooddeedsdeserverewards.D.Endingpovertyrequiresjointefforts.CIneconomictheories,peoplearetypicallyrepresentedasanalyticalagentswholearnfrompastexperiencestooptimise(优化)theirperformance,eventuallyreachingaswablestateinwhichtheyknowhowtomaximisetheirearningsThisassumptionsurprrsedGarnierBrunatÉcolePolytechniqueinFrancebecause,asaphysicist,heknewthatinteractionsinnaturesuchasthosebetweenatomsoftenresultinchaosratherthanstability.Ttestwnethereconomistsarecorrecttoassumethatlearningfromthepastcanhelppeopleavoidchaos,Brunandhiscolleaguesdevisedamathematicalmode,foragamefeaturinghundredsofsimulatedplayers.Eachplayercanchoosebetween'twoactions,likebuyingorsellingastock.Theyalsointeractwitheachother,andtheplayers’decision-makingisunfluencedbywhattheyhavedonebefore——meaningtheyareabletolearnfromexperience.Theresearcherscouldadjustthepreciseextenttowhichaplayer'spastexperiencesinfluencedtheirsubsequentdecision-making.Theycouldalsocontroltheinteractionsbetweentheplayerstomakethemeithercooperateorcompetewitheachothermore.高三英语第5页(共11页)Withallthesecontrolknobsavailabletothem,Brunandhiscolleaguesusedmethodsfromstatisticalphysicstosimulatedifferentgamesituationsonacomputer.Insomesituations,theresearchersexpectedthatthegamewouldalwaysresultinchaos,withplayersunabletolearnhowtooptimisetheirperformance.Economictheorywouldalsosuggestthat,giventherightsetofparameters(参数),theplayerswouldsettleintoastablestatewheretheyhadmasteredthegame—buttheresearchersfoundthiswasn'treallythecase.Themostlikelyoutcomewasastatethatneversettled.TeammemberJeanMartin,alsoatÉcolePolytechnique,saysthat,intheabsenceofonecentralisedandall-knowingplayerwhocouldcoordinateeveryone,regularplayerscouldonlylearnhowtoreach“satisficing”states.Thatisalevelthatsatisfiedminimumexpectations,butnotmuchmore.Playersgainedmorethantheywouldhavedonebyplayingatrandom,solearningwasn'tuseless,buttheystillgainedlessthantheywouldhaveifpastexperiencehadallowedthemtotrulyoptimisetheirperformance.Martinsaysthegamemodelistoosimpletobeimmediatelyadoptedformakingreal-worldpredictions,butsheseesthestudyasachallengetoeconomiststodropmanyassumptionsthatcurrentlygointotheorisingprocesses,likemerchantschoosingsuppliersorbankssettinginterestrates.Thefindingcouldalsobeimportantforsimulatingprocesseslikeforagingdecisionsbyanimalsorforsomemachine-learningapplications,saysTobyGallaattheInstituteforCross-DisciplinaryPhysicsandComplexSystemsinSpain.27.Accordingtothepassage,whatinspiredBruntocarryoutthestudy?A.Thebeliefthatchaosisacommonoutcomeinnaturalsystems.B.Theconflictsbetweeneconomictheoriesandinteractionsinnature.C.Thesimilaritiesininteractionpatternsbetweenatomsandhumans.D.Theinabilityofeconomictheoriestopredictindividualbehaviours.28.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theresearchpurpose.B.Theresearchsubjects.C.Theresearchmethods.D.Theresearchdirection.高三英语第6页(共11页)29.WhatcanweinterfromMartin'swords?A.The“satisficing”stateisanidealoutcomeforplayersinthegame.B.Playerscanreachoptimalperformancewithenoughpastexperiences.C.Centralisedcontrolisessentialforplayerstoreachtheirfullpotential.D.Learningfrompastexperiencesisn'tsufficienttomaximiseone'sgains.30.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.EconomicTheories:AreThevReliableinPredictingStability?B.LearningfromMistakes:TheKeytoOptimalDecision-Making.C.AMathematicalModel:BreakingEconomicStabilityAssumptions.D.GameModelFindings:SpreadingInfluenceAcrossMultipleDisciplines.DInaneraofbigresearch,havingconfidenceinscientists,inervaduallyorcollectively,involvestrade-offs.Scienceisideallybuiltonevidencebutanreality,formostpeople,itisbasedontrust.Scientificevidenceishardtoaccess.Journalsaredifficulttogetandtheirarticles,writteninspecialisedlanguage,areonlyunderstandabletoafewfieldexperts.So,wetrustexperts’resultswithoutbeingabletoquestionthemourselves,believingthatifneeded,someoneknowledgeablewill.Historically,thereputationofindividualscientistshasbeenimportantinfacilitatingthespreadotscıentifictheoriesanddiscoveries.Ifascientistis,orcanappeartobe,trustworthy,somightthatscientist'sideas.Thiscanleadtooddconsequences.Recognisablescientistsreceivemorecreditandtrust,whileunrecognisablescientistsoftenhavetheirworkoverlooked.Thehistoryofscienceisfilledwithcaseswherebasicpaperswrittenbyretativelyunknownscientistswereneglectedforyears.ConsiderthecaseofJosephFourier,whoseclassicpaperonthepropagationofheathadtowait13yearstobepublished.Sincerecognisablescientistsreceivedisproportionate(不成比例的)credit,theirnamesbecomedisproportionatelyassociatedwithdiscoveries.StatisticsprofessorStephenStiglerformulated“Stigler’slawofeponymy”(斯蒂格勒命名法则),statingnoscientificdiscoveryisnamedafteritsoriginaldiscoverer.Forinstance,Pythagoraswasn'tthefirsttodiscoverthePythagoreantheorem,norwasEdwinHubblethefirsttoformulateHubble'slaw.高三英语第7页(共11页)However,modernscienceoperatesdifferently.Largecollaborative(合作的)projectsoftenproducepaperswithhundredsofauthors.Therecordforthenumberofauthorsonasinglescientificpaperiscurrently5,154.Furthermare,aneditorialboardcomposedofprojectgroupmembersactuallywrotethepapers.Thepaperswerethenplacedonanelectronicbulletinboardforcriticismandcommentbyall.Somemassivecollaborativeprojectsconstantlymaintainauthorlistsofhundredsofnames,whichareautomaticallysubmittedoneverypublication.Ifwecan'tidentifythethousandsinbigscienceprojectsorknowtheiractualauthors,whodowetrusx?I'dsaywetrust“science”itselfregardlessoftheindividualscıentısts’integrity.Wetrusttheorganisationsthatareconsideredscientific.Anyclickbaitnewsarticleswith“ScienceSays”inthetitleshowthisshiftfromtrustingindividualstotrustingthescientificenterprise.Thisshifttotrusting“science”itselfhasrisks.MisidentifyingexpertsortrustingdishonestonescanabusescientifieeredibilityAstrikingexampleisMerchantsofDoubt,whereexpertshidtruthsaboutacidrainandglobalwarming.Authorship,then,servesonelastfunction,whichinsomecasesonlybenefitsthehistorianlikeme:accountability.31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Themoralissuesinscientificauthorshipandaccountability.B.Theroleofindividualscientistsinmodernscientificresearch.C.Theevolutionoftrustinsciencefromindividualstoenterprises.D.Thechallengesofconfirmingscientificevidenceinthedigitalage.32.Whyis“Stigler’slawofeponymy”mentioned?A.Tojustifyanargument.R.Tointroduceanapproach.C.Tochallengeaconvention.D.Toevaluateanassumption.33.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat.A.modernsciencecollaborationchallengesthetrustinindividualscientistsB.thecurrenttrendoftrustingscienceoverlooksscientists'sacrificesC.authorshipoughttobefoundeduponintellectualcontributionsD.itisvitaltoidentifytheauthorsoflarge-scalescienceprojects34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheshifttotrustingscienceitself?A.Sympathetic.B.Cautious.C.Disapproving.D.Puzzied.高三英语第8页(共11页)第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Muchsmallerinsizethanthediameterofanaveragehumanhair,nanoplasticsareinvisibletothenakedeye.Linkedtocardiovascularandrespiratorydiseasesinpeople,nanoplasticscontinuetobuildup,largelyunnoticed,intheworld'sbodiesofwater.35Therefore,atisurgenttodevelopbetterwaystoremovenanoplasticsfromwater.Howeverthecallengeremainstodevelopacost-effectivesolutiontogetridofnanoplasticswhileleavingcleanwaterbehmd.36Recently,researcherscreatedacheapliquid-basedsolutionthatremovesmorethan98%ofthesemicroscopicplasticparticles(颗粒)fromwater.Theinnovativemethoduseswater-resistantsolvents(溶剂)madefromnaturalingredients.Itnotonlyoffersapracticalsolutiontothepressingissueofnanoplasticpollutionbutalsopavesthewayforturtherresearchanddevelopmentinadvancedwaterpurificationtechnologies.Thestrategyusesasmallamountofdesignersolventtoabsorbplasticparticlesfromalargeadumeofwater.Oncemixedwithwaterandallowedtoreseparate,thesolventfloatsbacktothesurface,carryingthenanoplasticswithinitsmolecularstructure.Currently,thecapacityofthesolventisnotwellunderstood.38Additionally,theywillexploremethodstorecyclethesolvent,enablingtheirreusemultipletimesifnecessary.39Thesolventsaremadefromsafe,non-toxiccomponents,andtheirabilitytoresistwaterpreventsadditionalpollutionofwatersources,makingthemahighlysustainablesolution.Fromasorentıtıcperspective,creatingettectiveremovalmethodsfostersinnovationinfiltrationtechologies,providesinsightsintonanomaterialbehavior,andsupportsthedevelopmentofinformedenvironmentalpolicies.A.That'swhereanewresearchcomesin.B.Thecostofproducingthesolventisstilltoohigh.C.Previousmethodsfailedtopurifyandrecyclethesmallparticles.D.Initially,thesolventsitsonthewater'ssurfacetnewayoilfloatsonwater.E.Infuturework,researchersaimtodeterminethemaximumcapacityofthesolvent.F.Thenewmethodoffersmultipleadvantagesthatarebothpracticalandscientificallysignificant.G.Ineycandamagewaterecosystemsandenterthefoodchain,threateningwildlifeandhumans.高三英语第9页(共11页)第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。“YouOnlyLiveOnce”(YOLO),aconceptmadepopularincontemporarysocietythroughsocialmedia,conveysthedesiretomakethemostofthepresentsituationandcastasideallworriesaboutthefuture.Thismindsetisconsideredtobethecharacteristicoftoday'syouth.However,doyoungpeopletrulyembodytheYOLOmentality,oraretheytooconcernedaboutplanningtheirfuturetoenjoythepresent?Someyoungpeopledotendtobeoverlyabsorbedinfutureplanningandmissoutonthepresent,largelyinfluencedbysocietalattitudesadvocatingthemeritsofworkingtowardsalifeplanandfuturegoal.InAsiansocieties,youngpeopleplantheirfuturescarefullytoensurefinancialsecurityforthelatterhalfoftheirlives.Thisoftenmeansgettinggoodeducationandjobs.So,manytakeextraclasses,losingfreetimeandhobbies.Theirexcessive(过度的)focusonacademics,whichneglectstheirpersonalnature,bringsmentalstressandstopsthemfromfollowingtheirpassions.Anotherfactordrivingyoungpeopletoexcessivelyplanforthefutureistheincreasingnumberofworldchallenges.Naturaldisasters,conflicts,wars,andpandemıcsareincreasing,makingthejobmarketunstable.Youngpeoplearenowmorepressuredtoconsidertheirfutureinthischangingworld.Asaresult,theydon'tenjoytheiryouthastheyshould.ResearchconductedbyUniversityCollegeLondonshowsoverhalfof16-25-year-oldsareworriedabouttheirfuture,with53%believingjobprospectsareworsening.Nevertheless,it'sencouragingtoseethatmoreyoungpeoplearesteppingoffthebeatenpathandembracingtheYOLOphilosophy.Thefutureisuncertain,andit'snaturalforyoungpeopletofeelanxious.However,livinginthemomentandenjoyingeachexperienceiscrucial.Afterall,isn'tlifemoreaboutthejourneythanthedestination?40.WhatmindsetdoesYOLOconvey?41.Whatarethetwomainfactorsthatcausesomeyoungpeopletofocusmoreonfutureplanning?高三英语第10页(共11页)42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Inordertofindtheirpassionsinlife,youngpeopleinAsiaplantheirfuturescarefully.43.Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Lifeismoreaboutthejourneythanthedestination.”inthepassage?(Inabout40words)第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算创建一个自媒体账号(self-mediaaccount)，向外国人介绍如何学习汉语。请给你的外国朋友Jim用英文写一封邮件，内容包括：1.账号的形式和内容；2.征求对方的意见。注意:1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,