名师原创：Unit5 单元语法详解课件

Unit5Adelicateworld单元语法详解外研版新教材选择性必修二

原创Cao本单元重要语法→现在完成时的被动语态

◆原句再现a.Theyhavebeentrainedtofindeverylastone,withoutharmingthenativeanimals.(教材

P51)b.Accordingtoofficialstatistics,over3,000plantspecieshavebeenrecordedthere.(教材

P57)c.Additionally,around4,300insectspecieshavebeenrecorded.(教材

P57)d.Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeendonetoprotecttheecologyofShennongjia?(教材

P58)e.A“must”foranyonevisitingGuizhouProvince,FanjingMountainhasnowbeenaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageList,bringingthetotalnumberofUNESCOsitesinChinato53.(教材

P59)1.Mywatchhasjustbeenrepaired.2.Thevegetableshasbeenfrozenthiswintersofar.3.Thesedamagedbuildingshavealreadybeenrebuiltrecently.4.Allthechildrenhavealreadybeentakencareofinthevillage.5.Shehasbeentakentothehospital.6.Theyhavebeenadmittedintothekeyuniversity.◆

现在完成时被动语态的四种句式：肯定式;否定式;一般疑问式;特殊疑问式◆

现在完成时被动语态的基本结构：have/hasbeendone.句子主语为复数时，使用havebeendone;句子主语为单数时，使用hasbeendone.请观察以下句子※

肯定式:主语+have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他※否定式:主语+have/has+not+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他※

一般疑问式:Have/Has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他※特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词(组)+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他请观察以下句子1.ThisbookhasalreadybeentranslatedintoFrench.2.Wehaven’tbeentoldthedateofthemeetingsofar.3.Hasthemachinebeenrepairedyet?4.Howmanyyearshasthecomputerbeenusedtillnow?5.Howhavetheseproblemsbeensolved?◆现在完成时被动语态的含义※

动作已完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果※

主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系请观察以下句子a.Yourroomhasbeencleaned,soyouneedn’tcleanitnow.(clean动作已经完成,而且room与clean之间为被动关系)b.Thesevegetableshavebeenwatered,sowecangohome.(water动作已经完成,而且vegetables与water之间为被动关系)c.Theproblemhasjustbeensolvedbyourteacher.(solve动作已经完成,而且problem与solve之间为被动关系)d.Allthericeinthebowlhasbeeneatenup.(eat动作已经完成,而且rice与eat之间为被动关系)◆

现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法●表示过去一个被动的动作或状态,一直持续到现在,并有可能持续下去,常与for,over,inthepast…years或since引导的时间状语连用,或常见于“Howlong....?”句型中。请观察以下句子a.Thefilmhasbeenshownforalmostthreehours.b.Thecarhasbeenusedinthepasttwelveyears.(比较：Thecarwasusedinthepast.)c.Theseissueshavebeendiscussedoverthesedays.d.Theworkershavebeentrappedsincelastweek.e.Everythinghasbeenchangedsince1990.f.Thepoorhavebeentakengoodcareofsincehelivedhere.●表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果,常与yet,already,just,never,recently,before等副词连用，请观察以下句子a.I'msorry,butthelettershaven'tbeentypedyet.(结果是：现在还拿不到这些信件)b.Theworkhasalreadybeenfinished.(结果是：现在不用做这项工作了)c.Theclassroomhasjustbeencleaned.(结果是：现在不用再打扫了)d.Theyhave

neverbeenpraisedbytheirteacher.(结果是：目前还没被表扬)●常与“到目前为止”的状语连用，如：sofar,uptonow,untilnow,uptillnow等,请观察以下句子a.Alltheclotheshavebeenshown

forthreedays.b.Uptonow,thetaskhasn’tbeencompleted.c.Themuseumhasbeenvisited

uptillnow.d.Untilnow,thesebooksinEnglishhavebeenkeptthere.●

在“It/That/Thisisthefirst…timethat从句”中,从句中谓语用现在完成时或现在完成时的被动式，请观察以下句子a.It/Thisisthethirdtimethatthemoviehasbeenshownthisyear.b.

Itisthefirsttimethatthegirlhasbeenpunishedbyherfather.c.Itisthesecondtimethattheseoldmenhavebeencheated.◆现在完成时的主动语态变被动语态●只带一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语即可，请观察以下句子a.Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.(主动)→

Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.(被动)b.Hehasmadethreeplanemodelssofar.(主动)→Threeplanemodelshasbeenmadesofar.(被动)●带有双宾语的动词,如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,sell,make,sing,write,read,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动,请观察以下句子a.Wehavegivenhimthebook.(主动)b.Hehasbeengiventhebook.(被动)c.Thebookhasbeengiventohim.(被动)●带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补足语成为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的,被动语态中要用带to的不定式,请观察以下句子a.Ihavemademybrotherdocleaning.(主动)→Mybrotherhasbeenmadetodocleaning.(被动)b.Wehavehelpedthemgothroughthedifficulty.(被动)→Theyhavebeenhelpedtogothroughthedifficulty.(被动)c.Thebosshastoldthemtogotothecompanyatonce.(主动)→Theyhavebeentoldtogotothecompanyatonce.

(被动)●短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在现在完成时主动语态变为被动语态时，一般要保持短语的完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词，请观察以下句子

a.Allofthestudentshavereferredtothedictionary.→Thedictionaryhasbeenreferredto.

b.Thesevolunteershavetakengoodcareofthethreeoldmen.→Thethreeoldmenhavebeentakengoodcareof.c.Itissaidthatthepolicehavelookedintotheaccident.→Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.

d.Thegirlhasthoughtoftheexcitingstory.→Theexcitingstoryhasbeenthoughtof.◆考点训练1.--Flight302toLondon________until7:30tomorrowmorning.

--NowonderIhearsomanycomplaintsfromthepassengers.A.hasbeendelayed

B.delay

C.delayed

D.willbedelayed2.--Thewindowisdirty.--Iknow.It____for

weeks.

hasn'tclean

B.didn'tclean

C.wasn'tcleaned

D.hasn'tbeencleaned3.EveryyearmanyfarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_______

beforeleavingtheirhometowns.promised

B.werepromised

C.havepromised

D.havebeenpromisedADD●从A、B、C、D选出最佳选项4.--_____DavidandVicky_____married?

--Foraboutthreeyears.A.Howlongwere;being

B.Howlonghave;gotC.Howlonghave;been

D.Howlongdid;get5.Millionsofpoundsofdamage_____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.

A.hasbeencaused

B.hadbeencausedC.willbecaused

D.willhavebeencaused6.--Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow.--I’msorry,butit_______already.A.hastaken

B.took

C.wastaken

D.hasbeentaken7.--______theletter_____toMr..Black?--No.It’sstillonthedesk.A.Has;given

B.Will;begiven

C.Was;given

D.Has;beengivenCADD9.Sofar,

moon______bymanalready.A.isvisited

B.willbevisited

C.hasbeenvisited

D.wasvisited10.Withthehelpofhightechnology,morenewsubstances_____inthepastyears.A.

discovered

B.havediscoveredC.

hadbeendiscovered

D.havebeendiscovered11.Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit_______.Ahasruined

B

hadruined

ChasbeenruinedD

hadbeenruined12.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday______