湖北省新八校协作体2025届高三下学期5月联考英语试题 含解析

年湖北省“新八校”协作体高三5月模拟考试高三英语试卷注意事项：答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。第一部分听力共两节，满分分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节共5小题每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt??A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wherecanthemanfetchashelffrom?A.Astorageroom.B.Afactory.C.Ashop.2.Whyisthewomanworried?A.Shefailedtheexam.B.Hermotherwillscoldher.C.Shedidn’tachievehergoal3.Whatcolorwasthewoman’sbedroombefore?A.Green.B.Blue.C.Pink.4.WhatisStevedoingnow?A.Swimming.B.Fishing.C.TV.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afire.B.Ahouse.C.Thewoman’sdaughter.第二节共小题每小题分，满分分)第1页/共24页听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第、7题。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Doctorandpatient.C.agentandclient.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Seeadoctor.B.aboattrip.C.Pay$150first.听第7段材料，回答第8至题。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemovie?A.It’samazing.B.It’sdisappointing.C.It’sworthwatching.9.Whatmadethewomanconfusedaboutthemovie?A.Theplot.B.Thescenery.C.Thespecialeffects.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisfamiliarwiththecharactersofthemovie.B.Shereadalotbeforewatchingthemovie.C.Shelikesgoingtothetheater.听第8段材料，回答第至题。Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.herwheretobuysouvenirs.B.Goonholidaywithherfamilyhere.C.GivehersomeadviceontouringinCairo.12.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?A.HevisitedtheSphinx.B.Helearnthowtorideacamel.C.HewenttotheKhanal-Khalilifair.13.Whatwillthemandotomorrow?A.LeaveCairo.B.GoboatingontheNile.C.theEgyptianMuseum.听第9段材料，回答第至题。14.Whydofilmstarsearnmuchmoneyaccordingtotheman?A.Theirworkishard.B.Theyspendmuchtimetraining.C.Theymakealotoffilmseachyear.15.Whatdoesthemansayaboutfilmstars?A.MostoftheirfilmsdowellattheboxB.Manyofthemcan’thugehouses.第2页/共24页C.Theyearnmoreandspendmore.16.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardscelebritiesintheend?A.Envious.B.Critical.C.Sympathetic.听第段材料，回答第至题。17.WhenwillMonicaworkinthelibrary?A.From8:45a.m.to5:15p.m.B.From9:15a.m.to4:45p.m.C.From9a.m.to5p.m.18.WhatcanMonicadowhileworkinginthelibrary?A.Readbooks.B.Havedrinks.C.tostudents.19.WherecanMonicahavesandwichesforlunch?A.Inacanteen.B.Inacommonroom.C.Inan20.Whydoesn’tthespeakerrecommendcafesinthetowncenter?A.Lunchtimeislimited.B.Theyarecrowded.C.Theyareexpensive.第二部分阅读理解共两节，满分分)第一节共小题每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThesedays,streamingismorestraightforwardthanever.IfyouhaveanewerTV,allyouhavetodoisselectofthebuilt-inappsandsignuptostartwatching.HereisasummaryofthehighlyrecommendedmajorservicesandthebigshowsandmoviestheyTViscomposedofthe100-pluslivechannels(or30-plusSpanishnetworksundertheSpanishPlan)youcanfindoncable.Ifashowormoviehasairedononeofthosenetworks,fullseasonsarelikelyavailableforfreeviavideoondemandorforpurchase.AnylivesportsairingoncablechannelslikeESPN,FSlandCBSSportsNetworkarestreamingheretoo.musthaveaGoogleaccounttosubscribe.Price:$72.99/month;$34.99/monthfortheSpanishPlan.Anytwodevicescanstreamatonce.Apple’sistheonlymajorservicewithexclusivelyoriginalprogrammingandnoads.Thatmeansitonlythenewcutting-edgeseriesandfilmsproducedbyAppleStudiosthattendtocapbest-ofyear-endsummary,includingTedLasso,TheMorningShow,Severance,PrehistoricPlanet,MastersoftheAirandKillersofthe第3页/共24页FlowerMoon.Price:$9.99/month.Anytwodevicescanstreamatonce.Max’spredecessor,HBOGo,wasmorealibraryforHBOtoshelvepastseasonsofitshitssuchasGameofThronesandTheSopranos.Since2022,whenparentcompanycombinedwithDiscovery,it’snolongerHB-Only.cansearchthroughDiscoverytitleslikeHouseHunters,ChoppedandSayYestotheDressalongsideHBOtriumphsTrueDetective,TheWireandTheWhiteLotus.Price:$9.99/monthforonedeviceatoncewithads;$15.99/monthfortwodevicesatoncead-free;$19.99/monthforthreedevicesatoncead-free.1.WhatdoweknowaboutTV?A.GameofThronesisavailable.B.AGoogleaccountisnotnecessary.C.TheSpanishPlanisforfree.D.Sportsfanscanenjoyfirst-handexperience.2.WhatsetsAppleTV+apartfromotherstreamingservices?A.Freepastseasonhits.B.Diverselivechannels.C.Originalprograms.D.Highsubscriptioncost.3.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyouwanttostreamonthreedeviceswithoutads?A.$34.99/month.B.$19.99/month.C.$15.99/month.D.$9.99/month.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】Max和AppleTV在内的三种视频流媒体服务平台的特点以及他们的订阅价格。【1题详解】部分的“AnylivesportsairingoncablechannelslikeESPN,FSlandCBSSportsNetworkarestreamingheretoo.(在ESPNfslan和CBS体育网络等有线电视频道播放的任何现场体育节目都可以在这里播放。)”可知，体育粉丝可以通过此平台看直播赛事，获得一手体验，故选D。【2题详解】部分“Apple’sistheonlymajorservicewithexclusivelyoriginalprogrammingandnoads.(苹果是唯一一家提供独家原创节目、没有广告的主流服务。)”可知，AppleTV+是唯一拥有独家原第4页/共24页创节目且没有广告的主要平台，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据部分“$19.99/monthforthreedevicesatoncead-free.(每月19.99美元，同时使用三台设备，不含广告。)”可知，如果你想在没有广告的情况下在三台设备上播放流媒体，你应该支付19.99美元/月。故选B。BLifecanfeelterriblyunfair.Andyetforsomepeople,whenlifehandsthemtheworstpossiblecircumstance,theyareattheirabsolutebest.JessieJoyReesisjustsuchaperson.Theblonde-haired,Californiakidwiththebigpersonalityasfunasadayatthebeachbecamethevoiceofcourageforkidswithcancer.Athleticandenergetic,Jessiehadherwholeworldinfrontofher,untilshewasdiagnosedwithaninoperablebraintumor(肿瘤)inDoctorsestimatedthatshehadjust1%chanceofsurvivalandlessthanayeartolive.noothertreatmentoptions,herfamilyenteredJessieforaclinicaltrial.Forweekssheunderwent30roundsofradiotherapy.Amazingly,thepainanduncertaintyneverlessenedhershine,andJessiealwaysremainedpositivethroughoutitall.Threeweeksintohertreatment,Jessieaskedanuncharacteristicallymaturequestionforsuchayounggirl.Lookingoutattheotherchildrenwhowerealsogoingthroughcancertreatment,sheaskedherparents:“Howcanwehelpthem?”Jessie’sheartwasbiggerthananytumor.“Shewasdeterminedtomakeothercancerkidshappy,”herfatherEriktenderlyremembers.“Howcouldwenothelp?”Though12-year-oldJessiehadaslightchanceofbeatingcancer,sheresolvedtomakethemostofhertime.Themorningafterherdiagnosis,Jessiewasatthekitchentablepackingbagsoftoysforothercancerpatients.Thepackagesbecamehospital-safeplasticjarswithtoys,craftsandactivitiestosurprisechildrenwhiletheyareinthehospitalfortreatment.JoyJars,namedafterJessie’smiddlename,containalittlebitoffunduringordinarydays,butmostlytheycontainalittlebitofJessie’spositiveattitudethatfillstheroomeverytimeoneisopened.JessieJoyRees,aspecialsoulwhocouldradiatesomuchgoodinsoshortatime,passedawaylessthanayearfromherdiagnosis:Butherparentskeepthejoyalive.Morethan400,000JoyJarshavebeendeliveredtochildrenundergoingcancertreatmentinall50statesandover50countries,witheachstampedwithherlifephilosophy“NeverEverGiveUp”.Nomatterhowlongorshortourlivesturnouttobe,thereisalwaysroomforalittlejoy.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJessiefromparagraph2?A.Shehadaslimchancetobecuredofthebraincancer.第5页/共24页B.Sherefusedtoacceptanyformofmedicaltreatment.C.Shehadareputationallovertheworldforhercourage.D.ShewasfondofhavingfunonthebeachinCalifornia.5.WhatinspiredJessie’screationofJoyJars?A.Herintentiontogetridofherphysicalpain.BHerneedtoraisefundsforhermedicaltreatment.C.Herwishtobringemotionalsupporttofellowpatients.D.Hergoaltopromoteherlifephilosophyaroundtheworld.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJessie?A.Ambitiousandresponsible.B.Sympatheticandoptimistic.C.Cooperativeandintelligent.D.Aggressiveandpioneering.7.Whatdoesthearticlewanttotellus?A.Alifewithoutpassionisalifehalf-lived.B.Joyandsorrowarenext-doorneighbors.C.Acandlelightsothersandconsumesitself.D.Whenlifegivesyoulemons,makelemonade.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位12岁身患癌症的小女孩面对病魔依旧积极乐观，并且通过制作乐罐将快乐和希望带给其他正在对抗癌症的小孩的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Doctorsestimatedthatshehadjust1%chanceofsurvivalandlessthanayeartolive.(医生估计她只有1%的生存机会，不到一年的生命)”以及第四段“Though12-year-oldJessiehadaslightchanceofbeatingcancer,sheresolvedtomakethemostofhertime.(虽然12岁的杰西有一点点战胜癌症的机会，但她决心充分利用自己的时间)”可知，Jessie被治愈的机会渺茫，故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Shewasdeterminedtomakeothercancerkidshappy(她决心让其他癌症儿童快乐)”和第四段中“Themorningafterherdiagnosis,Jessiewasatthekitchentablepackingbagsoftoysforothercancerpatients.(确诊后的那个早晨，杰西在厨房的桌子旁为其他癌症患者打包玩具)”可知，Jessie制作JoyJars的第6页/共24页目的是为了给患癌的孩子们带来快乐，提供情感上的支持，故选C。【6题详解】推理推断题。根据第二段“Amazingly,thepainanduncertaintyneverlessenedhershine,andJessiealwaysremainedpositivethroughoutitall.(令人惊讶的是，痛苦和不确定从未减弱她的光芒，杰西始终保持积极的态度)”可知，Jessie是一位乐观的女孩；根据第三段“Lookingoutattheotherchildrenwhowerealsogoingthroughcancertreatment,sheaskedherparents:“Howcanwehelpthem?”(看着其他同样在接受癌症治疗的孩)Jessie是一位有同情心的人，因此可用sympathetic和optimistic描述Jessie。故选B。【7题详解】Though12-year-oldJessiehadaslightchanceofbeatingcancer,sheresolvedtomakethemostofhertime.Themorningafterherdiagnosis,Jessiewasatthekitchentablepackingbagsoftoysforothercancerpatients.Thepackagesbecamehospital-safeplasticjarswithtoys,craftsandactivitiestosurprisechildrenwhiletheyareinthehospitalfortreatment.JoyJars,namedafterJessie’smiddlename,containalittlebitoffunduringordinarydays,butmostlytheycontainalittlebitofJessie’spositiveattitudethatfillstheroomeverytimeoneisopened.(虽然12个早晨，杰西在厨房的桌子旁为其他癌症患者打包玩具。这些包裹后来变成了医院里安全的塑料罐子，里是以杰西的中间名命名的，它们在平常的日子里能带来些许乐趣，但更重要的是，每打开一个罐子，里面都蕴含着杰西那积极向上的态度，这种态度能充满整个房间)”可知，Jessie在短暂的生命中传播了快乐，她D选项“Whenlifegivesyoulemons,makelemonade.(有利）)”。故选D。CInapaperpublishedonMarch13inScience,researchersatStanfordUniversityusedmachinelearningtoanalyzedataoficemovementsinAntarcticaforthefirsttime.TheirworkrevealssomeofthefundamentalphysicsgoverningthemovementsoftheAntarcticicesheetandcouldhelpimprovepredictionsabouthowthecontinentwillchangeinthefuture.TheAntarcticicesheet,Earth’slargesticemassandnearlytwicethesizeofAustralia,keepssealevelsstablebystoringfreshwaterasice.understandthemovementoftheAntarcticicesheet,whichisshrinkingmorerapidlyeveryyear,existingmodelshavetypicallyreliedonassumptionsaboutice’smechanicalbehaviorfromlab第7页/共24页experiments.“ButAntarctica’siceismuchmorecomplicatedthanwhatcanbereproducedinthelab,”saidLai,aprofessorofgeophysicsintheuniversityandseniorauthoronthepaper.“Iceformedfromseawaterhasdifferentproperties,andicesheetsmaycontainlargecracks,airpockets,orotherinconsistenciesthatmovement.”Laiandhercolleaguesbuiltamachinelearningmodeltoanalyzethemovementswithsatelliteimageryandairplaneradar.Theyfoundthatthepartsoftheiceshelvesclosesttothecontinentarebeingcompressed(压缩)andthatthemodelsintheseareasarefairlyconsistentwithlabexperiments.However,mostmodelshaveassumedthatAntarcticicehasthesamephysicalpropertiesinalldirections.Infact,asicegetsfartherfromthecontinent,itstartstobepulledouttosea.Theforcecausestheicetohavedifferentphysicalpropertiesindifferentdirections—aconceptcalledanisotropy(各向异性).“Ourstudyuncoversthatmostoftheiceshelfisanisotropic,”saidfirststudyauthoraresearcherinLai’slab.“Iceinthe5%compressionzonealmosthasthesamepropertywhilefortherest—theextensionzone,itis.Nowbasedonthisnewmethod,weknowthatmodelspredictingthefutureevolutionofAntarcticashouldbeanisotropic.”Next,researchersintendtocontinuetoperfecttheiranalysiswithadditionaldatafromtheAntarcticcontinentandmayusethesefindingstounderstandthestressesthatmaycausecracks.TheyhopetheirmethodswillassistwithmorescientificdiscoveriesandleadtonewcooperationwiththeEarthsciencecommunity.8.Whatisthepurposeofmachinelearningintheresearch?A.PredictingthefuturechangesofAntarcticaice.B.AnalyzingthethicknessoftheAntarcticicesheet.C.KnowingthemovementoftheAntarcticicesheet.D.Studyingthephysicalpropertiesoficefromseawater.9.Whyareexistingmodelsoficemovementnotaccurateenough?A.Theyrelytoomuchonthedatafromsatellites.B.Theystresstheimpactofairpocketsandcracks.C.TheyignorethedifferentpropertiesinAntarcticice.D.TheyfailtomeasurethesizeoftheAntarcticicesheet.10.Whatisindicatedintheunderlinedsentence?A.Icebehavesvariablyinalldirections.B.Mosticeshelvesareintheextensionzone.第8页/共24页C.Iceincompressionzonematcheslabresults.D.Iceshelvesarepulledoutofthecontinenttosea.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearchers’futureplans?A.Theywillbuildmoresatellitemodels.B.Theywillabandontheircurrentmethods.C.TheywillapplythemethodstotheEarthscience.D.Theywillseekmoredatatoimprovetheiranalysis.【答案】8.C9.C10.AD【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了斯坦福大学研究用机器学习分析南极冰运动及后续计划。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“InapaperpublishedonMarch13inScience,researchersatStanfordUniversityusedmachinelearningtoanalyzedataoficemovementsinAntarcticaforthefirsttime.TheirworkrevealssomeofthefundamentalphysicsgoverningthemovementsoftheAntarcticicesheetandcouldhelpimprovepredictionsabouthowthecontinentwillchangeinthefuture.(在3月13究人员首次使用机器学习来分析南极洲冰运动的数据。他们的工作揭示了一些控制南极冰盖运动的基本物理学原理，并有助于改进对南极洲未来变化的预测。)”以及第二段中“understandthemovementoftheAntarcticicesheet,whichisshrinkingmorerapidlyeveryyear,existingmodelshavetypicallyreliedonassumptionsaboutice’smechanicalbehaviorfromlabexperiments.(为了了解每年都在迅速缩小的南极冰盖的运动情况，现有的模型通常依赖于实验室实验中对冰的力学行为的假设。)”可知，机器学习在这项研究中的目的是了解南极冰盖的运动。故选C。【9题详解】“ButAntarctica’siceismuchmorecomplicatedthanwhatcanbereproducedinthelab,”saidLai,aprofessorofgeophysicsintheuniversityandseniorauthoronthepaper.“Iceformedfromseawaterhasdifferentproperties,andicesheetsmaycontainlargecracks,airpockets,orotherinconsistenciesthatmovement.”()”以及第四段中“However,mostmodelshaveassumedthatAntarcticicehasthesamephysicalpropertiesinalldirections.()有的冰运动模型不够准确是因为它们忽略了南极冰的不同特性。故选C。第9页/共24页【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Infact,asicegetsfartherfromthecontinent,itstartstobepulledouttosea.Theforcecausestheicetohavedifferentphysicalpropertiesindifferentdirections—aconceptcalledanisotropy(各向异性).“Ourstudyuncoversthatmostoftheiceshelfisanisotropic,”saidfirststudyauthoraresearcherinLai’slab.“Iceinthe5%compressionzonealmosthasthesamepropertywhilefortherest—theextensionzone,itisnotthecase.Nowbasedonthisnewmethod,weknowthatmodelspredictingthefutureevolutionofAntarcticashouldbeanisotropic.”(事实上，随着冰层离大陆越来越远，它开始被拉向海洋。这种力使冰在不同方向上具有不同的物理特性——5%压缩区的冰几乎具有相同的特性，而其余的——延伸区，事实并非如此。现在，基于这种新方法，我们知道预测南极洲未来演变的模型应该)”可知，现在的研究发现冰架是各向异性的，也就是冰在各个方向上的表现是不同的，5%压缩区的冰几乎具有相同的特性，而其余的——延伸区，冰在各个方向上的表现是可变的。故选A。【题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Next,researchersintendtocontinuetoperfecttheiranalysiswithadditionaldatafromtheAntarcticcontinentandmayusethesefindingstounderstandthestressesthatmaycausecracks.TheyhopetheirmethodswillassistwithmorescientificdiscoveriesandleadtonewcooperationwiththeEarthsciencecommunity.(接下来，研究人员打算利用来自南极大陆的更多数据继续完善他们的分析，并可能利用这些发现来了解可能导致裂缝的应力。他们希望他们的方法将有助于更多的科学发现，并与地球科学界建立新的合作。)”可知，研究人员未来的计划是他们将寻求更多的数据来改进他们的分析。故选D。DNeurons(神经元)havehistoricallybeenthecellmostassociatedwithmemory.Butfaroutsidethebrain,kidney(肾)cellscanalsostoreinformationandrecognizepatternsinasimilarwaytoneurons,researchersreportNovember7inNatureCommunications.Inexperiments,thekidneycellsshowedsignsofa“massed-spaceThiswell-knownfeatureofhowmemoryworksinthebrainfacilitatesstoringinformationinsmallgroupsovertime,ratherthanabiggroupatonce.Inneurons,whenachemicalsignalpassesthrough,thecellstartsproducingCREB,aproteincentraltomemoryprocessing.Theproteinthenturnsonmoregenesthatfurtherchangethecell,kick-startingthemolecular(分子的)memorymachine.KukushkinandcolleaguessetouttodeterminewhetherCREBinnon-neuronalcellsrespondstoincomingsignalsthesameway.Theresearchersimplantedanartificialgeneintohumankidneycells,whichincludedinstructionsfor第10页/共24页producingaglowingproteinfoundinfireflies(萤火虫).Theteamthenwatchedthecellsrespondtoartificialchemicalpulsesthatcopythesignalsthatactivatethememoryactivationpathwaysinneurons.“Dependingonhowmuchlighttheglowingproteinproduces,weknowhowstronglythatmemorygenewasturnedon,”Kukushkinsays.“Thismassed-spacehasneverbeenseenoutsideabrain,”Kukushkinsays.“Butweproposethatifyougivenon-braincellscomplicatedenoughtasks,theymayalsobeabletoformamemory.”NeuroscientistAshokHegdefindsthestudyinterestingasitappliesa.neuroscienceprinciplebroadlytounderstandgeneexpressioninnon-neuronalcells.Butit’sunclearhowapplicablethefindingsaretootherkindsofcells,saysHegde.Still,hesaysthisresearchmaysomedayhelpwiththesearchforpotentialdrugstotreathumandisease,especiallythosewherememorylossoccurs.“Maybewecanthinkofcancercellsashavingmemories,andthinkaboutwhattheycanlearnfromthepatternoftreatment,”Kukushkinsays.“Maybeweneedtoconsidernotjusthowmuchdrugwearegivingaperson,butwhatisthetimepatternofthatdrug,justaswethinkabouthowtolearnmoreefficiently.”12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“massed-spaceeffect”?A.Ithelpsformlong-termmemoryinbraincells.B.Itenhancesmemoryprocessinginkidneycells.C.Itcontributestostoringinformationinlargeunits.D.Itdemonstrateshowmemoryfunctionsinthebrain.13.Whydidresearchersuseaglowingproteinfromfireflies?A.testthechemicalresistanceofcells.B.visualizethestructureofkidneycells.C.tracktheactivationlevelofmemorygenes.D.copythememoryactivationsignalsinneurons.14.WhatisKukushkin’smainsuggestionforcancertreatment?A.Adoptingshortermedicationcycles.B.Findingefficientlearningstrategies.C.Increasingthetotalamountofdrug.D.Designingthetreatmentscheduleofdrug.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMassed-SpaceofNeuronsB.KidneyCells’CapabilitytoStoreMemoryC.TheDiscoveryofaNewProteininKidneyCellsD.TheRoleofCREBProteininMemoryProcessing【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B第11页/共24页【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究者发现肾细胞能够通过类似神经元的“质量-间隔效应”存储信息，其记忆机制依赖CREB蛋白激活基因表达，打破了“记忆专属大脑神经元”的传统认知，并探讨了其可能的应用领域，如对癌症治疗的思路转变。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Inexperiments,thekidneycellsshowedsignsofa“massed-spaceeffect”.Thiswell-knownfeatureofhowmemoryworksinthebrainfacilitatesstoringinformationinsmallgroupsovertime,ratherthanabiggroupatonce.(在实验中，肾细胞显示出“质量-间隔效应”的迹象。记忆在大脑中如何运作的这一众所周知的特征有助于随着时间的推移将信息存储在小群体中，而不是一次存储在一个大群体中)”Massed-space”描述的是记忆在大脑中是如何运作的。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Dependingonhowmuchlighttheglowingproteinproduces,weknowhowstronglythatmemorygenewasturnedon()”可推断出萤火虫的发光蛋白质用于检测基因激活程度。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Maybeweneedtoconsidernotjusthowmuchdrugwearegivingaperson,butwhatisthetimepatternofthatdrug,justaswethinkabouthowtolearnmoreefficiently.(也许我们不仅要考虑给病人服用多少药物，还要考虑服药的时间模式，就像我们考虑如何更有效地学习一样)”可知，Kukushkin关于癌症治疗建议是考虑药物的“时间模式”。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Neurons(神经元)havehistoricallybeenthecellmostassociatedwithmemory.Butfaroutsidethebrain,kidney(肾)cellscanalsostoreinformationandrecognizepatternsinasimilarwaytoneurons,researchersreportNovember7inNatureCommunications.(历史上，神经元一直是与记忆联系最紧密的细胞。但研究人员月7日在《自然通讯》上报告说，远在大脑之外，肾细胞也能以与神经元相似的方式存储信息和识别模)”以及本文主要介绍新研究发现肾细胞也能用类似神经元的机制存储信息，及肾细胞也拥有记忆能力。故B选项“肾细胞储存记忆的能力”最符合文章标题。故选B。第二节共5小题每小题分，满分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThehistoriccityofSuzhouiscrossedwithcanals.Oldwhitewashedbuildingslinethebanks.AcenturyagosomeofthesewouldhavebeenChaguans,ortraditionalteahouses,wherelocalsgatheredtodiscussthenewsor第12页/共24页conductbusiness.____16____TherearedozensofStarbucksoutletsinSuzhou,aswellasothersellers.LastyearChinasurpassedAmerica,becomingthecountrywiththemostbrandedshopsintheworld.TheearlyhistoryofinChinaisunclear.ItisreportedthatitwasDaneswhoopenedthefirstshopinthecountryinthe1830s.____17____ThatwaspartlybecausetheQingdynastylookeddownuponforeignersandsoughttopreventtheirinfluence.Acenturylater,LuXun,acelebratedauthor,wrotethathedidn’tdrinkthe“Ialwaysthoughtitwasforthewesterners.”HeandmostotherChinesepeoplepreferredtea.____18____AfterChinaintroducedmarketreformsandopeneduptotheworldinthe1980s,foreignfirmssuchasMaxwellHouseandNestlebroughtinstanttothecountry.Theycateredtolocaltastes,makingtheirmixessweeterandlessbitterthanwhattheysoldelsewhere.Thebiggestcoffee-drinkinggroupwasstillwhite-collarworkersinfirst-tiercitiesagedbetween20and40.____19____awiderrangeofthepopulationispartakingthankstotheriseofdomesticchainssellingaffordableTheleaderisLuckinwithover20,000outlets.____20____AcupofbasicLuckinisaboutathirdofthepriceofanequivalentStarbucksoffering.Luckin’ssalesinChinaexceededStarbucks’forthefirsttimein2023.Bothchainsareexpandingintosmallercities.A.Starbucks,bycomparison,has7,300shops.B.Chinaishometonearly50,000suchoutlets.C.Unfortunately,thedrinkdidn’tcatchonthen.D.Itwastotallyadifferentstoryfiftyyearslater.E.HoldingaStarbuckscupbecameastatussymbolforthem.F.ThismarkedthebeginningofaneweraforinChina.G.visitorsaremorelikelytofindshopsservingadifferentkindofdrink.【答案】16.G17.C18.D19.E20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了咖啡在中国的历史发展以及当前的市场状况。【16题详解】空前“AcenturyagosomeofthesewouldhavebeenChaguans,ortraditionalteahouses,wherelocalsgatheredtodiscussthenewsorconductbusiness.(一个世纪以前，其中一些是茶馆，或传统的茶馆，当地人聚集在这里讨论新闻或做生意)”说明的是以前人们在茶馆聚集，下文“TherearedozensofStarbucksoutletsinSuzhou,aswellasothersellers.LastyearChinasurpassedAmerica,becomingthecountrywiththemostbrandedshopsintheworld.(Starbucks第13页/共24页国，成为世界上拥有品牌咖啡店最多的国家)”说明中国有很多卖咖啡的门店，G选项“visitorsaremorelikelytofindshopsservingadifferentkindofdrink.(如今，游客们更有可能找到供应不同种类饮料的商店)”说明了如今游客可以找到很多卖饮料的店，承接上文的“以前”，引起下文“供应不同种类饮料的商店”，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】空前“ItisreportedthatitwasDaneswhoopenedthefirstshopinthecountryinthe1830s.(据报道，19世纪30年代，丹麦人在该国开设了第一家咖啡店)”说明了丹麦人开了第一家咖啡店，空后“ThatwaspartlybecausetheQingdynastylookeddownuponforeignersandsoughttopreventtheirinfluence.(部分原因是清朝看不起外国人，并试图阻止他们的影响)”说明了清朝阻止外国人的影响，由此可见，咖啡当时不受欢迎，C选项“Unfortunately,thedrinkdidn’tcatchonthen.()”说明了咖啡没有流行起来，承上启下，符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】空后“AfterChinaintroducedmarketreformsandopeneduptotheworldinthe1980s,foreignfirmssuchasMaxwellHouseandNestlebroughtinstanttothecountry.(中国在20世纪80年代实行市场改革并向世界)”说明后来咖啡开始在中国流行开，D选项“Itwastotallyadifferentstoryfiftyyearslater.(50年后，情况完全不同了)”说明了50年后事情发生了变化，引起下文，符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】空前“Thebiggestcoffee-drinkinggroupwasstillwhite-collarworkersinfirst-tiercitiesagedbetween20and40.(最大的咖啡饮用群体仍然是一线城市20至40岁的白领)”说明了白领是最大的咖啡消费群体，空格处也应该描述人们喝咖啡这件事，E选项“HoldingaStarbuckscupbecameastatussymbolforthem.(拿着星巴克的杯子成为了他们地位的象征)”中的them承接上文，符合语境，故选E。【20题详解】空前“TheleaderisLuckinwithover20,000outlets.(领头羊是瑞幸咖啡，拥有超过2万家门店)”说明了瑞幸有很多门店，空后“AcupofbasicLuckinisaboutathirdofthepriceofanequivalentStarbucksoffering.Luckin’ssalesinChinaexceededStarbucks’forthefirsttimein2023.(一杯瑞幸咖啡的价格大约是星巴2023)应该提到星巴克有多少门店，A选项“Starbucks,bycomparison,has7,300shops.(7300家门店)”说明了星巴克有多少门店，承上启下，符合语境，故选A。第14页/共24页第三部分语言知识运用共两节，满分分)第一节共小题每小题1分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的、、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“Whywouldyoudosomethinglikethis?”Iaskedasthewomanputherblousebackon.Shelookedatme,____21____.“Imean,I’mverygrateful,”Iadded,“Butitcan’tbenicehavingdozensofmedicalstudents____22____you.”Sheshookherheadandrepliedpeacefully,“It’smywayofsayingthankyou.Thishospitalsavedmylife.I____23____them.”Ilookedathermedicalhistoryinmynotebook.Fifteenyearsago,shewas____24____ofbreastcancer.Thetumor(肿瘤)wasremoved,andthenshereceived____25____.Sevenyearslater,thecancer____26____,andsheunderwentanoperationtoremoveabreast.Itwashardtoimaginethatsomeonesufferingsomuchwouldwillingly____27____themselvestotheshameforbaringherbodytoothers.shejustwantedtorepaytheby____28____tobeapatientformedicalschoolfinals,withoutexpectinganythinginreturn.____29____,Irealizehowmuchmytrainingdependedonsuchselflesspeople.Behindeverysuccessfuldoctorstandanumberof____30____—thosewhodonatetheirbodiesfordissection(解剖),thosewhoallowstudentstoexaminethem,andthosewhosharetheir____31____.Whattheywentthroughisoftentiringoruncomfortable,yettheyreceivelittle____32____.Theseunsungheroesmakemedicaleducation____33____.Theircontributionsarerarelyacknowledged.However,withoutthem,youngdoctorscouldn’t____34____theirskills.Whiledoctorsmighthelppeople,theywouldn’tbeina(n)____35____todosoifpeoplehadn’thelpedthemfirst.21.A.surprisedB.annoyedC.pleasedD.disappointed22.A.helpingB.detectingC.monitoringD.surrounding23.A.adoreB.oweC.praiseD.treasure24.A.persuadedB.suspectedC.informedD.reminded25.A.surgeryB.encouragementC.adviceD.treatment26.A.remainedB.returned