考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷356

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷356

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Thebestsolutionistostoppretendingthatpeople'spersonalinformation,suchasSocial

Securityaccountnumbersandbirthdates,constitutesauniversalsecretpassword.The

phrase"universalsecret"isanoxymoron.Foronlinebusinesstransactions,theconsumer

mustbeallowedtouseapasswordofhisowncreationandhaveproceduresinplacefor

changingthesepasswordsincaseofsuspectedcompromise.AnyComputerScience

studentworthhissaltwilltellyounottouseyourSocialSecurityaccountnumberor

birthdateasapassword.Whyallowfinancialinstitutionsandgovernmentagenciestodo

somethinginyoursteadthatyou'readvisednottodoforyourself?There'salsoananswer

totheproblemofcriminalsfraudulentlyopeningnewaccounts:statesshouldpasslaws

thatmakeinstitutionsverifyaperson'sresidencebeforeestablishinganyformofnew

credit.Asthingsstandnow,criminalscanoftencontactfinancialinstitutionsviathe

phoneortheInternet,pretendtobeyoubyknowingafewpiecesofyourpersonaldata,

andestablishacreditline.Financialinstitutionsshouldberequiredto"physically

contact"customerstoestablishidentification.Obviously,thiscouldbedonethrough

havingpotentialcustomerscomeinforface-to-facemeetings,butitcouldalsobedone

viatheuseofmail,perhapscertified.Therearcconstitutionallyallowablemeasuresthat

canbeenactedatthefederalleveltoreduceIDfraud.Federalpoliticians,inalike

mannertostateones,shouldconsidersubmittingbillscallingforallfederalagenciesto

immediatelyceaseusingSocialSecurityaccountnumbersandbirthdatesasuniversal

passwords.Congressshouldalsotakestepstoemployonlythemostrigorously

scrupulousemployees,eliminatinghiringpracticesthatincludenonjobrelevanthiring

preferencesandtohireemployeesbasedonlyonjob-relevantcriteria,suchastheirability

todothejobandtheirloyaltytotheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Congressshouldalsotake

stepstoenforceourimmigrationlawsbydeportingallillegalimmigrants——especially

thosewhohaveworkedtheirwayintoourinformationinfrastructure.Ifthey'redishonest

enoughtobehereinviolationofourimmigrationlaws,they'reprobablyahighriskfor

doingsomethingdishonestwithAmericancitizens'personaldata.Congressalsoneedsto

reviewtheimpactofourcurrentimmigrationlawsthatallowlargenumbersofforeigners,

evensomefromterrorist-exportingnations,tocomeintoourcountrylegallyviasuch

programsasHlandLIandbecomepartofourinformationinfrastructure.Without

appropriateaction,IDfraudasweknowittodaymaybecomeameresteppingstoneona

coursetoevengreaterabusesofconsumersbylargecompaniesthatarepoliticallywell-

connected.

1、Theauthorarguesthatpeople'spersonalinformation.

maybesuspectedasacompromise

B、mayserveasatemporarypassword

C、canhardlybeauniversalsecretpassword

D^shouldnotbedisclosedtoanyinstitutions

标准答案：C

知识点解析:根据第一段前两句"Thebestsolutionistostoppretendingthatpeople's

personalinformation...constitutesauniversalsecretpassword.Thephrase4universal

secret'isanoxymoron"，C应为答案。

2、BysayingMsomeoneworthhissalt",theauthorreferstosomeone.

A、doinghisjobwell

B、muchknowledgeable

C^deservingmorecredit

D^ordinaryandindustrious

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第二段第一句"AnyComputerSciencestudentworthhissaltwilltell

younottouseyourSocialSecurityaccountnumberorbirthdateasapassword”可知，止匕

句中“ComputerSciencestudentworthhissalt”指名副其实的“学习计算机科学的学

生”。所以，A应为答案。

3、Inthefaceofcriminal'sfraudulentbehavior,financialinstitutionsshould.

A、verifytheidentificationofthecustomersphysically

B、makecontactwiththepotentialcustomersviaphone

C>payavisittotheresidenceofeachcustomeratintervals

D、keepintouchwiththeircustomersfrequentlybyallmeans

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第三段最后两句"Financialinstitutionsshouldberequired

to'physicallycontact'customerstoestablishidentification.Obviously,thiscouldbe

donethroughhavingpotentialcustomerscomeinforface—to-facemeetings…A应

为答案.

4、Thehighriskfbrthefraudulentuseofpersonaldatarootsin.

A、thehiringpracticesprevailingintheU.S.

B、thelackofeffectivepreventivemeasures

C、theenforcementofcurrentimmigrationlaws

D、financialinstitutionsandgovernmentagencies

标准答案：B」「

知识点解析：根据第三、四、五段中所提到的可以采取的各种措施可知，现在个人

信息被盗用的高风险的艰源在于缺乏行之有效的预防措施，所以，B应为答案。

5、TheauthorpointsoutinthetextthatIDfraud.

A、increasesasaresultoftherampantterroristactivities

B、willinevitablyleadtoevengreaterabusesofcustomers

C^canberemarkablyreducedbyadoptingdecisivemeasures

D、occurspredominantlyamongimmigrantsfrompoornations

标准答案：C

知识点解析：作者在第三、四、五段指出了为大幅度减少力Dfraud”可以采取的各

种措施，所以，C应为答案。

Changeisinevitable.Itisnotsomethingthatwecanbargainwith.Itisnotsomethingthat

happensonlytootherpeople;changeisreality.Acceptingthistruthissometimesan

excruciatingprocess,andtherearemanywhoneverachieveit;yetchangestilloccurs.At

somepointadecisionneedstobemadethatacceptingchangeisthefirststepinreleasing

theneedforcontrol.Asintelligentasthehumanspeciesis.andyet.thewordintelligence

issubjective,wearenotall-powerful.Howdoesacceptingtheinevitablerealityof

changeproduceasenseoffreedom?Ironically,allowingtruthtobetruth,regardlessof

howwefeelaboutit,canbeliberating.Whenwerealizethatwecannotmanipulate

everythinginourlives,itfreesustostoptrying.Letmepausehereforamomentand

reflectonthatstatement.WhenIsay"westoptrying,"Iamnotinsinuatingthatwedonot

workatbetteringourlives,butthatbyacceptingchange,itfreesustodancewithit,

insteadoffighting.ThisconcepthasbeenstudiedandpracticedformoreyearsthanIcan

count.Ithasrootsintheancientworldbutitholdsastruetodayasitdidthen.Thisshows

thatlife,ashumansknowit,hasnotswervedinthousandsofyears.Thehumancondition

hasnostatuteoflimitations.Aslongasourspeciesexists,soloo,willihehuman

condilion.Sometimes,ithelpstotrulythinkaboutthewayotherlifereactstochange.

Animalsandplantsalsoaresubjecttoitspower,butadaptationhaskeptmanyspecies

alivewhileotherswereextinguished,unabletolivewiththeever-changingworld.Ifwe

applythistoourownlives,theanalogycanbeusedasamaptoshowwhereandhov/we

shiftinordertomovealongwithchange.Perhapsunderstandingchangeandacceptingit

maybealife-longjourney,butfightingitisawasteofprecioustimethatwillnever

return.Learningtobemindfulofthepresentandknowingthatitisallwetrulyhaveisa

gift,kteachesustocherisheachandeverymomenttothebestofourabilityandtopull

fromourinnerstrength,andthosearoundoraboveus,tohelpduringtimesofintense

struggle.Intheend,youwillbewiserandstrengthenedbyexperiencinglifeasanever-

changingadventure.Reineniberthedance;releasethestruggle.

6、Theauthorthinksthatchangeissomethingthat.

A、hasneverbeenarguedabout

B、occursorappearsinvariably

C、makesusintensivelypainful

D^wemakeeveryefforttoavoid

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第一段中的“Changeisinevitable.Itisnotsomethingthatwecan

bargainwith.Itisnotsomethingthathappensonlytootherpeople；changeisreality”可

知，变化是绝对无法避免的。所以，B应为答案。

7、Theauthorarguesthatacceptingchange,

A、isawell-informedoptionforustomake

B、showsthelimitationofourintelligence

C、keepsusfromtryingtoresistitinvain

D、freeseveryonetobetterhislifeatwill

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第二段中的“Howdoesacceptingtheinevitablerealityofchange

produceasenseoffYeedom?"和"…byacceptingchange,ilfreesustodancewithit,

insteadoffighling”可知，接受变化意味着正视现实，避免许多徒劳无益的尝试。所

以，C应为答案。

8、Bysaying"sotoo,willthehumancondition"inparagraph3,theauthormeansthat

A^humanlifehasnotchangedmucheversince

B>livingconditionshavebeengreatlyimproved

C^thehumanconditionexistsasourspeciesdoes

D、livingwithchangeisastrueasinancienttimes

标准答案：D

知识点解析：“sotoo,willthehumancondition”的意思是"thehumanconditionwill

havenostatuteoflimitations,\根据上下文，其含义是，人类生活的方向始终没有改

变，“acceptingchange”这个古老的道理今天依然正确。所以，D应为答案。

9、Likeanimalsandplants,humanbeings.

A、adapttotheinevitablechangetosurvive

B、developusefulskillstodealwithchanges

C^areabletounderstandallthechangesinlife

D^surviveinspiteofthechangeseverhappened

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第四段中的“Animalsandplantsalsoaresubjecttoitspower,but

adaptationhaskeptmanyspeciesalive...Ifwcapplythistoourownlives,theanalogy

canbeusedasamaptoshowwhereandhowweshiftinordertomovealongwith

change”可知，人类和动植物一样，适应变化才能存活。所以，A应为答案。

10、Theauthorprimarilyadvisesusto.

A、unlockinnerstrengthtoachieveourgoals

B、becomemoreintelligentandstrengthened

C^havethehighestregardforeachdayinlife

D、adjustourlivestotheever-changingworld

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据全文最后两句"Intheend,youwillbewiserandstrengthenedby

experiencinglifeasanever-changingadventure.Rememberthedance；releasethe

struggle”可知，本文主要说明，我们必须适应不断变化的世界。所以，D应为答

案。

Iwasstudyingphysicsincollege20yearsagothismonth,whentwochemistsatthe

UniversityofUtahpromisedthattheycouldunleashtheenergyofthesuninatesttubeat

roomtemperature,andmeettheentireworld'senergyneedsforeverwithsomecookedup

waterandacoupleofelectrodes.Theexhilarationatthegenesisofthenewscienceof

"coldfusion"fadedfairlyquickly.Scoresofscientistsaroundtheworldtriedandfailed

toreplicatetheUtahscientists'wondrousresults.Irksomephysicistspointedoutthatthe

processthechemistsdescribedviolatedseverallawsofnature.Tome,however,those

headyfewmonthsbringtomindsomethingmorethanthehubristicenthusiasmofsome

overheatedmeninlabcoats.Theexperienceprovidesalastinglessonaboutourfaithin

technologyasthesolutiontoourchallenges,andthecoveritprovidestoavoidhard

choicesonthingslike,say,conservingenergy.It'sawarningaboutthepitfallsofour

unshakeablebeliefinthelimitlesspromiseofourendeavors,regardlessofreality's

constraints.Itisalessonaboutthedangersofourloveaffairwithprogress.

Contemplatingtheeconomicrubblefromourmostrecentparoxysmofenthusiasm,I

wonderwhetherweshoulddosomethingaboutourblindpassions.I'veheardthe

supportingarguments,ofcourse,abouthowoptimismseedstheAmericanDream,

nurturingtheentrepreneurialzealthatsupportsthenation'sprosperity.Andit'struethat

theInternetbubblebequeathedustheInternetasweknowit.I'mtoldoptimismalsohelps

patientsrecoverfromcoronarybypasssurgery.Still,Ican'thelpthinkingthat

repackagingthefutureasabasketfulofpromiseisacon.Recentresearchfromthe

OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmenthasfoundthatthesonofa

poorAmericanfatherhasmorethana40percentchanceofbeingpoorhimself-higher

oddsthanin,say,Britain,NorwayorDenmark.TheincomeofthetypicalAmerican

householdwaslowerin2007thanitwasin1999.ThisaspectoftheAmericanDream

seemslikeadreamonly.[amconfidentthatweshallkeepondreaming,however,

regardlessofthedamagethisperiodicallyinflicts.Ontheanniversaryofthe"discovery"

inUtah20yearsago,aNavychemistbreathlesslyannouncedtoameetingofthe

AmericanChemicalSocietyinSaltLakeCitythatherlabhadnailedit,finally,finding

"significant"evidenceofcoldfusion.Nowtheycallthephenomenona"low-energy

nuclearreaction",presumablytoovercomethestigma.

11、TheUtahscientists.

A、pioneeredthenewscienceof"coldfusion"

B、releasedthesolarenergyatroomtemperature

C、failedtohavetheirdiscoveryverifiedandaccepted

D、ignoredsomefundamentallawsofnatureintheirresearch

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第二段中的“Scoresofscientists...triedandfailedtoreplicatethe

Utahscientists'wondrousresults.Irksomephysicistspointedoutthattheprocessthe

chemistsdescribedviolatedseverallawsofnature”,C应为答案。

12、Theauthorarguesthat.

A、theconstrainsinrealitycanneverbeneglected

Bxtechnologyisthesolesolutiontoourproblems

C、hardchoicesonchallengesinlifearcinevitable

D、dangersarelatentinanykindofhumanprogress

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据第三段中的“Theexperienceprovidesalastinglesson

about...energy.It'sawarningaboutthepitfallsof...constraints.Itisalessonaboutthe

dangersofourloveaffairwithprogress"，D应为答案。

13、Theauthorthinksthatoptimism.

A、ispossiblynotdeterminedbyreason

B、helpsusrecoverfromriskysurgery

C、supportstheprosperityofanation

D、breedstheAmericanswithDream

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第四段第一句中的"...Iwonderwhetherweshoulddosomething

aboutourblindpassions”和第五段第一句中的“…repackagingthefutureasabasketful

ofpromiseisacon”,A应为答案。

14、ThefactthattheincomeofthetypicalAmericanhouseholdfellshowsthat.

A、thesonofapoorAmericanfatherismostlikelytobepoor

B、theAmericanDreamisonlyadreamformanyAmericans

C、dreaminginflictsmuchdamageoneconomicdevelopment

D、theeconomiccrisisinAmericaresultsfromblindpassions

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第五段中的“…repackagingthefutureasabasketfulofpromiseisa

con”和“ThisaspectoftheAmericanDreamseemslikeadreamonly"，B应为答案c

15、Thebesttitleforthistextshouldbe.

A、ThePerilsofProgress

B、TheDreamsUnrealized

C、ThePitfallsofTechnology

D、TheLossofFaithinScience

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本文以头两段描述的冷聚变失败为例，说明第三段最后二句的论点

“Itisalessonaboutthedangersofourloveaffairwithprogress”，本文后三段又从经

济、美国人的梦想等角度论证了这个论点。所以，A应为答案。

Tosome,JohnLennon'spianoissacred.Mostmarriedpeopleconsidertheirwedding

ringssacred.Kidswithnonotionofsanctitywillbustalungwailingovertheirlost

blanky.Personalinvestmentininanimateobjectsmightdelicatelybecalled

sentimentality,butwhatelseisitifnotmagicalthinking?There'ssomeinvisiblemeaning

attachedtothesethings:anessence.Aweddingringorachildhoodblanketcouldbe

replacedbyidenticalornear-identicalones,butthoseimpostorsjustwouldn'tbethe

same.Whatmakessomethingsacredisnotitsmaterialmakeupbutitsuniquehistory.

Andwhatevercausesustovalueessenceoverappearancebecomesapparentatanearly

age.PsychologistsBruceHoodatBristolUniversityandPaulBloomatYaleconvinced

kidsages3to6thatthey'dconstructeda"copyingmachine."Thekidswerefinetaking

homeacopyofapieceofpreciousmetalproducedbythemachine,butnotsowitha

cloneofoneofQueenElizabethIPsspoons—theywantedtheoriginal.Inmanyeasesthe

valueofanobjectcomesfromwhoowneditoruseditortouchedit,anexampleof

"magicalcontagion'*.Inone,study,80percentofcollegestudentssaidtherewasatleasta

10percentchancethatdonningoneofMr.Rogers'sweaters,evenwithoutknowingit

washis,wouldendowwearerswithsomeofhis"essence"—improvetheirmoodand

makethemfriendlier.GloriaSteinemoncerelatedatalefrombeforeshewasfamous.

AnothergirlhadseenhertouchmembersoftheBeatles.Inturn,thegirlaskedSteinem

forherautograph.PaulRozinattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandNemeroffcontend

thatmagicalcontagionmayemergefromourevolvedfearofgerms,which,likeessences,

areinvisible,easilytransmissible,andhavefar-reachingconsequences.Wellbefore

humanshadanyconceptofgermtheory,wequarantinedtheillandavoidedtouching

deadbodies.Thedeepintuitionthatmoralorpsychologicalqualitiescanpassbetween

people,orthatanobjectcarriesitshistorywithit,couldjustbeanextensionofthe

adaptivetendencytopaycloseattentiontothepathwaysofillness.Butthatdoesn'tmean

wc'rcgoodatevaluatingsourcesofcontagion.Nemerofffoundthatpeopledrawthe

germsoftheirloversaslessscary-iookingthanthoseofenemies,andtheysaythose

germswouldmakethemlessill.Shealsofoundthatundergradsbasecondomusageon

howemotionally