考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷439

考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷439

一、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。)

"Itkeepsyougrounded,putsyouinasituationthatkeepsyououtoftrouble,andputsyou

withagroupthathasthesamemind-set,"saysMollySkinner,asophomoreatthe

UniversityofNorthCarolina-ChapelHill,appraisingthenonathleticbenefitsshe

experiencedwhileplayingsoccerinhighschool.Accordingtoonenewstudy,suitingup

forthehighschoolteamdoesseemtogivegirlsaboostwhenitcomestogettinga

collegediploma.Therecentstudy,conductedbyprofessorsfromBrighamYoung

University(BYU)andWestChesterUniversityofPennsylvania(WCUP),foundthat

womenwhoplayedsportsinhighschoolwere73percentmorelikelytoearnabachelor's

degreewithinsixyearsofgraduatingfromhighschoolthanthosewhodidnot.(Thcstudy

didnotlookatmalealhletes.)Theiranalysisofdatafrom5,103womencollectedaspart

ofaU.S.DepartmentofEducationstudyfoundthatevenamonggirlswhofacestatistical

challengesfinishingcollegebasedonsocioeconomicbackground,theathletesstillhad

morethan40percenthighercollegecompletionratesthannonathletes,regardlessof

whethertheyplayedatthecollegelevel."Intimeswhenweworryaboutimproving

academicperformanceoroutcomes,wewondershouldwebedevotingtimeandmoney

toextracurricularactivities?"asksBYUProf.MikaelaDufur,oneofthestudy'sauthors.

"Theseareimportantarenasfor-inourcase—girlstomakeconnectionswithothersand

adultswhohelpencouragethemtosucceed."Atthecollegiatelevel,though,themeasure

ofwomen'ssportsremainsasmurky(iinclear)asever,thankstothepoliticsofTitleIX.

Enactedin1972,TitleIXguaranteeswomenequalopportunityincollegiatesports,but

itscriticscontendthatmanyschoolsreachthatbalancebycuttingmen'steamsratherthan

addingwomen's.AJulyreportonTitleIXfromtheGovernmentAccountability

Office(GAO)hasdonelittletosettlethedebate.Thatstudyfoundincreasesinstudent

participationincollegeathleticsonbothsidesofthegenderline,thoughthegrowthrate

washigherforwomen'steamsandfemaleathletes.TitleIXcriticssaythattheGAO

reportreliestooheavilyonNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation(NCAA)data,which

canobscurethenumberofmen'steamscutfromparticularschoolsasmorecollegesjoin

theNCAAoverall.Whilethepoliticaldebatecontinues,femaleathletesthemselvesseem

tobefocusingonthefinishline."Ithinkthatsportsteachesyoutopersevere,"says

VirginiaTech-boundRachelPlumb,whoracedonherhighschool'scrosscountryteam.

"Itteachesyoutokeepaneyeonagoal."

1、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,

A、MollySkinnerisplayingsoccerontheuniversityteam.

B、playingsoccercontributedtoMolly'snonathleticlife.

C、playingsportshelpsgirlstoenrollatuniversities.

D、playingsportsgrantsgirlsextracreditsatuniversities.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第一段可知，莫莉・斯金纳回忆她中学参加足球队

的经历给她带来了运动以外的收获，因此可以推断B项为正确答案。

2、WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentstudybyprofessorsfromBYUand

WCUP?

A、Womenathletesaremorelikelytofinishcollegethannonathletes.

B、Femaleathleteshavemorechancetogetdiplomasthanmaleathletes.

C、Statisticalchallengesreducethechanceforfemaleathletestogetdegrees.

D^Playingsportsinhighschoolmattersmorethanplayingatcolleges.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实推断题。根据专有名词BYU和WCUP可定位至第二段。该段最

后一句说，不论她们在大学阶段是否参加体育运动，有过中学体育运动经历的女生

也要比没有的女生毕业率高出40%,可以推知D项为正确答案。

3、BYUProf.MikaelaDufurfoundthatextracurricularactivities

A、exertadverseeffectstogirls'academicperformance.

B、canimprovegirls'academicoutcomesdirectly.

Cxbringpeoplewhoareworthknowingtogirls.

D、mayconsumetoomuchmoneyandtimeofgirls.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据MikaelaDufur定位至第三段。这位教授说，“这些

课外活动正是女生和他人接触的良好机会，在交流中，她们还能得到成年人的鼓

励，帮助她们获得成功”，据此可以推知C项为正确选项。

4、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

A^TitleIXrealizeswomen'sequalopportunityincollegiatesports.

B、TitleIXbalancesmen'sandwomeivssportsinmanyschools.

C^TitleIXisn'tsuccessfulinachievingitsgoalfbrwomen'srights.

D^GAOreportprovesthesuccessofTitleIXincollegesports.

标准答案：c

知识点0析：事实推断题。文中指出，第九条的评论者认为，很多学校只是通过削

减男生.的体育团队来保证男女机会均等，而政府问责办公室的报告过多依赖于美国

大学体育协会的数据，通过这些可以推知作者认为第九条是不成功的，C项正确。

5、Wecanconcludefromthetextthat

A^girlswhoplayedsportsinhighschoolsarebettercollegestudents.

B>giilswithhighschoolsportsexperiencearemeniallysliungcr.

C^athleticgirlsaremorelikelytogetcollegedegreesthankstoTitleIX.

D、athleticgirlsalwaysperformbetteratcollegesthannonathlctes.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨大意题。根据首尾两段两位女性的说法，以及第三段的研究者观

点，参加运动的女性会更加坚持不懈，更能获得清醒的认识并得到鼓励，因此B

项为正确选项。

"Ah,yes,divorce",RobinWilliamsoncemused,"fromtheLatinwordmeaningtoripout

aman'sgenitalsthroughhiswallet".Thederivationmaynotbefoundindictionaries,but

hewasonwell-troddengroundinlinkingdivorcetomoney.Thismonthasurvey

conductedamongfinancialanalysts,stockbrokersandhedge-fundmanagersbyMishcon

deReya,alawfirm,suggestedthattheeconomicdownturnwillpromptanupsurgein

divorcesamonghigh-earnersinLondon'sfinancialcentre.Thispatternisnotwithout

precedent;SandraDavis,whocommissionedthestudy.saysthattherecessionofthe

early1990sledtoawaveofdivorcesamongtheCity'swealthypeople.Athirdofcurrent

inquiriestolawyersbythosedecidingtobreaktheknot,sheclaims,arelinkedtothe

creditcrunch.Oneexplanationisthatthedefectingspousesofhighearnersaregetting

outbeforethecrunchreducesthepotentialforprofitablesettlements.AstheCityboom

turnstobust,redundanciesarebecomingcommonplaceandhugebonusesadistant

dream.Sincerecentearningsareoneofthefactorstakenintoaccountindivorce

settlements,itmakessensetodivorcesoonerratherthanlater.Othersarguethatmoney

andthedistractionsitbuysallowcouplestoavoidaddressingdifficultiesintheir

relationship,whichcometotheforeinmorefinancially-distressedtimes.Formiddle

earners,thelinkbetweendivorceratesandeconomicconditionsislessclear-cut,notleast

sincethemainmaritalassetishousesratherthanspouses.Risinginflationandfalling

housepricesputpressureonmarriagesandmightthuscontributetohigherdivorcerates.

Yetthesamefactorsalsomakesplittingupmorecomplicated.Fallingpropertyprices

meanthatsellingthefamilyhomemaynotprovidesufficientfundsfortwoseparate

homes,especiallynowthatlendershavebecomemuchmorechoosy."Aflagging

economyclearlyleadstoanincreaseinmisery;whetherornotitcausesariseinthe

divorcerateisadebatablepoint,"sumsupStephenJenkins,directoroftheInstitutefor

SocialandEconomicResearch.Oneconsequenceisthatmorecouplesarelivingtogether

afterdivorce,whichraisesitsownproblems.GodfreyFreeman,chairmanofResolution,

anassociationoffamilylawyers,pointsoutthatthelower-earningpartnersinsuch

couplesmayfindithardertoclaimbenefits.Theyareusuallyrefusedhelp,hesays,on

thegroundsthattheirmortgageisbeingpaid,eveniftheyhavenocashoftheirownto

covereverydayexpenses.

6、Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicbyproviding

A^awell-knowndefinitionofdivorceinthedictionary.

B、adownrightfactthatdivorceislinkedtoeconomy.

C、aninterestingquoteofafamouspersonaboutdivorce.

D^astatisticsurveythatwasconductedalongtimeago.

标准答案：C

知识点浦析：推理判断题。题目问的是作者是如何引入话题的。文章一开始便引入

了罗宾・威廉姆斯的名言，即通过引用名人名言的方式引入话题，所以正确答案为

C项。

7、AccordingtoSandraDavis,recessionoftheearly1990sisregardedtohave

A、affectedthewholesocietyintheirlifestyle.

B、causedsomechangesinfamilystructures.

C^encouragedmorelawyerstoconsiderdivorcecases.

D、resultedfromthedivorcetrends.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。考查因果细节。根据SandraDavis可定位至第二段。她

指出，20世纪90年代初的经济衰退引发了伦敦富人中的离婚高潮，即导致了家庭

结构的变化，所以正确答案为B项。

X、Thestatement"itmakessensetodivorcesoonerratherthanlatcr"(Linc4,Paragraph

3)isusedtoshowthat

A、therelationshipbetweendivorceandeconomyiswell-grounded.

B、thedivorcewavewillfinallycalmdownanddisappear.

C、wealthycouplesareencouragedtosettledownassoonaspossible.

D、peoplewouldliketoprotecttheirownearnings.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语义理解题。第三段提到，随着经济的衰退，富裕人群的收入也减

少，由于近期的收入也作为离婚财产分割的依据之一，所以离婚不如趁早的做法是

有道理的。所以作者说趁早离婚更明智，是为了说明人们都想保住自己的财产免受

损失，D项正确。

9、Byreferringtothemiddleearners,theauthorintendstoshowthat

somecoupleswouldliketospendlifetogethereveniftheybreakup.

B、theyareforcedtoconsidereconomicsituationsafterthedivorce.

C^thelinkbetweendivorceandmoneyisasevidentasinthecasesofrichcouples.

D^theyarcfacedwithdifferentproblemscomparedwithwealthyclasses.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：观点态度题。根据middleearners定位至第四段。文中提至产房产的贬

值意味着离婚后变卖房产所得可能不足以让离婚双方各自购房”，说明中产阶级和

富裕阶层面临不同的问题，D项正确。

10、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

A、Thereshouldbesomecorrelationsbetweeneconomyandfamily.

B>Economicdepressionissuretohavecausedthesocialinstability.

C^Iftheeconomygrowsfast,thelower-earningpartnerswillclaimmorehelp.

D^Economicgrowthdependsuponthehappyrelationshipbetweensocialmembers.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：主旨大意题。通观全文，都是在讲经济形势与离婚之间的关系，所以

选A项。

Mothersinterferewiththeirchildren'slivesevenmorethanmostoffspringrealize.That

theynagabouteatinghabitsiswellknown.Whatgoesunnoticedisthatmothersleave

cellsinsidetheirchildrensbodies,whichmayhelpwithrepairswhenachild'sowncells

godisorderly.Thisformofmaternalinterferenceiscalledmicrochimerism——thepresence

ofasmallnumberofcellsthatoriginatefromanotherindividualandthereforegenetically

distinctfromthecellsofthehostindividual.Amother'scellscanendureuntilachild

reachesadulthoodandperhapsthroughoutlife.Butscientistsdonotknowexactlyhow

commonmicrochimerismis.Itisdetectedmoreofteninpeoplewithautoimmune

conditions,whichhasledtothesuggestionthatthematernalcellscouldtriggerthose

diseases.Buthealthypeoplehavethemtoo,seeminglywithnoilleffects.LeeNelson,of

theUniversityofWashington,suspectsthateverybodyhasafewmaternalcells.Hermost

recentworkarguesthat,atleastinsomecases,theyhelpratherthanharm.DrNelsonand

hercolleaguestookbloodsamplesfromthreegroupsofyoungvolunteersandtheir

mothers.Thefirstgroupcomprised94youngvolunteerswhohadtype1diabetes;the

secondwere54oftheirhealthysiblings(brothersorsisters);andafurther24were

childrenwithoutdiabeteswhowerenotrelatedtoanyoneelseinthestudy.The

researchersthencomparedDNAfromthemothersandtheirchildren.Becausemothers

passcopiesofabouthalfiheirgenestotheirchildren,somegenesinanychild-mother

pairswillbeuniquetothemother-thosethatthechildhasnotinheritedfromher.

Others—versionsofgenesthatcamefromdad—willbeuniquetothechild.DrNelson

usedtheuniquelymaternalgenestofindmothers'cellsinthevolunteers'blood.The

techniquefoundmaternalcellsinabouthalfthediabetics'samples,butinonlyaboutone-

thirdofthehealthysiblings'samplesandinlessthanone-fifthofthosefromtheunrelated

volunteers.Moreover,themicrochimerismwasnotonlymorecommonbutalsomore

pronouncedindiabetics.DrNelsonalsolookedforsignsthatthematernalcellshad

causedthediabetesbutfoundnoevidence.So,contrarytoestablishedopinion,she

believesmaternalcellscandochildrengood.Thesecellsmayhelpanybodilyorgan

workbetter,shesays,apartfromthereproductivekind.Mothers'protectiveinterference

goeson-seenandunseen.

11、"Microchimerism"referstoaformofmaternalinterferenceinwhichmothers

A、keeptellingtheirchildrenwhattheyshouldeatalldaylong.

helpsickchildrenwiththeirowncellsleftinsidechildren'sbodies.

C、interferewithchildren'slivesinanall-roundway.

D、leavealloftheirowncells,goodorbad,insidetheirchildreiVsbodies.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：词义理解题。根据第二段第一句可得知对于microchimerism的解释

应该在上一段中，因此通过第一段最后一句“当孩子的细胞出现问题时，从母亲那

里继承来的细胞会对其进行修复”可得出答案为B项。

12、ItisstatedinParagraph2thatmicrochimerismcould

A、onlybedetectedinpeoplewithautoimmuneconditions.

B、befoundinpeopleofallagesandofallraces.

C^alsobefoundinpeoplewhoenjoygoodhealth.

D、bedelectedinpeoplewithallunhealthyconditions.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第二段最后•句话“健康人的体内也有母血细胞，

却似乎并没有引发什么不良后果”，可得出答案为C项。

13、Somegenesinchild-motherpairswillbeuniquetothemotherinthat

A^thesegeneshaven'tbeenpassedtothechild.

B、lessthanhalfofthegeneshavebeenpassedtothechild.

C、thesegenescomefromthefather.

D、thechildisnotwillingtoinheritthesegenes.

标准答案：A」「

知识点解析：因果细节题。根据第四段第一句话可知母亲独有的基因指那些没有被

孩子继承的基因，因此A项正确。

14、AccordingtoDrNelsoninthelastparagraph,maternalcellswould

A、leadtothediabetes.

B、triggervariousdiseases.

C、exertpositiveimpactonchildren.

D、harmratherthanhelp.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节推断题。根据最后一段第二句提到的dochildrengood可得出答

案为C项。

15,Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsmaternalinterference?

A、Supportive.

B、Biased.

C>Impartial.

D、Ironic.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：观点态度题。通读全文可知作者并未对母性干预做出任何主观性的评

论。而文章最后一句“无论人们注意到与否，母亲们的保护性干预始终存在”也印证

了这点，因此C项“中立的”正确。

WithJapan'swelfaresystembucklingunderthedemandsofanageingsociety,the

world'soldestmanapologizedyesterdayforhislongevity.AsTomojiTanabe,111,

receivedhiscertificatefromGuinnessWorldRecords,theformerengineer,whonever

touchesalcohol,saidthathisfeatofsurvivalwasnothingspecial."Ihavebeenaround

toolong,"hejoked,"Iamsorry."Mr.Tanabeaddedhiscustomaryexplanationofhowhe

hasmanagedtoreachsucharipeoldage:"Notdrinkingalcoholisthebestformulafor

keepingmyselfhealthy,"hesaid.OtherresidentsofhisvillageattributedMr.Tanabe's

longlifetoadietthatconsistschieflyofvegetablesandverylittlefriedfood.His

explanationfuelsacontinuingmysteryabouttheidealformulaforlongevity-aseach

newholderofthetitleiscrowned,eachattributeshisorhersuccesstodiets,lifestylesand

habitsthatdifferwidely.Somehavesaidthatfreshairisthekey,othershavebeenheavy

smokers.Somehavetakenvigorousexercise,othershaveswornbyperiodsofinactivity.

TheMayorofMiyakonojo,thevillagewhereMr.Tanabeliveswithhisfamily,presented

thecertificatetoitsfamousresidentafternearlyfivemonthsofbirthdateverificationby

theGuinnessWorldRecordsteam.Mr.Tanabeunofficiallyinheritedthetitlewhenits

previousrecord-holder,EmilianoMer-cadodelToro,ofPuertoRico,diedinJanuary,

aged115.ThecrowningofMr.Tanabe,whowasborninthesouthernislandofKyushiin

1895,bringsthedesired"doubletrophy"backtoJapan.YoncMinagawa,wholivesinthe

samearea,is114andholdsthetitleofworld'soldestwoman.Japan'spopulationofthe

centenariansisthelargestintheworld.Mostofthe28,000Japanesewhohavemadeit

beyond100arewomenandthehighestconcentrationoftheveryelderlyisinthe

southernpart.TheareaaroundHiroshimaandtheislandofOkinawaareespeciallyrich

informer"world'soldest'titleholders.Thenumberofcentenarianshasrisen160-fold

sincerecordsbeganinthe1960s.AlthoughJapanisproudofitsrecord-breaking

longevity,thesuccessofMr.Tanabecomesasthecountryisrunningshortofideasfor

howtosolveitsageingcrisis.Withthefertilityratestillatrecordlows,governmentand

privatesectoreffortstostimulatethebirthratehavemetwithlittlesucc