2025年高考第二次模拟考试英语（上海卷 02）（全解全析）

2025年高考第二次模拟考试（上海卷）02英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：140分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。I.ListeningComprehension（第1-10题,每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．A．Switchoffthefridgeforawhile.B．Havesomeonerepairthefridge.C．Askthemantofixthefridge.D．Buyafridgeofbetterquality.【答案】B【原文】M:Mary,thenoiseinyourfridgedoesn’tsoundright.Maybeyoushouldhaveitfixed.W:You’reright.IsupposeI’veputitofflongenough.Q:WhatwillMaryprobablydo?2．A．2days. B．3days. C．4days. D．7days.【答案】D【原文】W:Mr.Demp.Isthisthefinalstopforyourbusinesstripthisyear?M:Well.IhavespenttwodaysinParis,fourinLondonandIplantostayhereinShanghaifor3days.ThenIwillspendaweekinTokyo,myfinalstop.Q:ForhowlongwillthemanstayinTokyo?3．A．Whethershecantravelbyair.B．Ifshehasanyheartproblem.C．Whenshewillreturnhome.D．Howshewillcompletelyrecover.【答案】A【原文】M:IhaveanelderlymotherandI’mworriedabouthergoingonaplane.Isthereanyrisk?W:Ifshehasaheartdisease,I’drecommendagainstit.Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknowabouthismother?4．A．Amovie. B．Adocumentary. C．Asoccergame. D．Thanksgiving.【答案】C【原文】W:AreyougoingtowatchthemovieonTVtonight?M:No,IthinkI’llwatchthesoccergameandthenthedocumentaryonThanksgiving.Q:Whichisthefirstprogramthemanisplanningtowatch?5．A．Chefandcustomer. B．Professorandstudent.C．Motherandson. D．Doctorandpatient.【答案】C【原文】W:Hey,John.Whereareyouhidingthecabbage?Youpromisedmethatyouwouldeatupallthevegetablesonyourplate?M:Butwhycabbage?Iamsickofcabbage.Q:What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?6．A．$0.50. B．$1.00. C．$1.50. D．$2.50.【答案】A【原文】M:Thepricesatthegrocerystorehaveincreasedalot.Nowgreenbeanscost$1.50apound.W:Iknow.Fiveyearsagotheywereonlyathirdthatprice.Q:Howmuchdidapoundofgreenbeanscostfiveyearsago?7．A．IntheShanghaiMuseum. B．Inthestore.C．Inthetunnel. D．Inthetaxi.【答案】D【原文】M:Goodmorning,madam,wheredoyouwanttogo?W:I’dliketogototheShanghaiMuseum.Atthispoint,thetrafficonthebridgeisnotsogood,sothetunnelisabetterchoice.Q:Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?8．A．Hedoesn’tagreewiththewoman.B．Ourchildrenwillleaveussoonerorlater.C．Weshouldnotwastenaturalresourcesforthebenefitofourchildren.D．Toomuchwastewaterwillmaketheearthpolluted.【答案】C【原文】W:It’shightimewehumanspaidspecialattentiontothewasteofnaturalresources.M:Ican’tagreewithyoumore.Ifwekeepwastinglikethis,onedayourchildrenwillbeleftwithanemptyearth.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?9．A．Awaiter. B．Apoliceman. C．Ateacher. D．Adoctor.【答案】B【原文】W:We’remakinginquiriesaboutarobberyhereyesterdaymorning,Sir.M:Couldyoustillrememberwhattimewastherobbery,ma’am?Q:Whatistheman’sprofession?10．A．Shedislikednovelsuntilhewenttocollege.B．Sheenjoyedtheclasseventhoughtheteacherwasnotgood.C．Shelikedreadingnovelsratherthanhistorybooks.D．Thestudyofliteraryhistoryspoiledherenjoymentofnovels.【答案】D【原文】W:IusedtoreallyenjoyreadingnovelsuntilItookliteraryhistoryclass.M:You’renotthefirstpersontohavehispleasureinsomethingruinedbyabadteacher.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheshortpassagesandthelongerconversation.Theshortpassagesandthelongerconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage11．A．TheywanttolearnthebasicsofEnglish.B．TheybenefitfromlearninggeneralEnglishskills.C．Theywanttohaveanup-to-dateknowledgeofEnglish.D．Theyknowclearlywhattheywanttolearn.12．A．Doctors. B．Businessmen.C．Reporters. D．Lawyers.13．A．Threegroupsoflearners.B．TheimportanceofbusinessEnglish.C．EnglishforSpecificPurposes.D．FeaturesofEnglishfordifferentpurposes.【答案】11．D12．B13．C【原文】TherearethreegroupsofEnglishlearners:beginners,intermediatelearners,andlearnersofspecialistEnglish.BeginnersneedtolearnthebasicsofEnglish.StudentswhohavereachedanintermediatelevelbenefitfromlearninggeneralEnglishskills.ButwhataboutstudentswhowanttolearnspecialistEnglishfortheirworkofprofessionallife?Moststudentswhofitintothisthirdgrouphaveaclearideaaboutwhattheywanttolearn.Abankclerk,forexample,wantstousethisspecialistvocabularyandtechnicaltermsoffinance.Butforteachers,decidinghowtoteachspecialistEnglishisnotalwayssoeasy.Forastart,thevarietyisenormous.Everyfieldfromairlinepilotstosecretarieshasitsownvocabularyandtechnicalterms.Teachersalsoneedtohaveanup-to-dateknowledgeofthatspecialistlanguage,andnotmanyteachersareexposedtoworkingenvironmentsoutsidetheclassroom.TheseissueshaveinfluencedthewayspecialistEnglishistaughtinschools.ThistypeofcourseisusuallyknownasEnglishforSpecificPurposesorESPandthereareESPcoursesforalmosteveryareaofprofessionalandworkinglife.InBritain,forexample,therearecourseswhichteachEnglishfordoctors,lawyers,reporters,travelagentsandpeopleworkinginthehotelindustry.Byfar,themostpopularESPcoursesareforbusinessEnglish.(Nowlistenagain,please.)Questions:1.WhatisthecharacteristicoflearnersofspecialistEnglish?2.WhoarethemostpopularESPcoursesforinBritain?3.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14．A．80percent. B．73percent.C．68percent. D．19percent.15．A．Thedrivershavelittletimetodomanythings.B．Thedriversmayriskpeople’slivesbydoingthis.C．Thedriverscan’tconcentrateoneverythingtheydo.D．Thedriversmaybreakthetrafficregulations.16．A．Youngpeopleshouldnotbeallowedtomultitask.B．Americanshavenochoicebuttomultitasktosavetime.C．Peopleshoulddonomorethandrivewhiledriving.D．Peoplecanonlymultitaskintheirhomesandoffices.【答案】14．B15．B16．C【原文】AsurveyreleasedonMondayshows81percentofAmericansdomorethandrivewhenthey’rebehindthewheel.Morethan8of10peoplesurveyedsaidtheyadjusttheradioormusicwhiletheydrive,while73percenttalkonthephone,68percenteat,19percentsendtextmessagesand5percentchecktheire-mail.“ClearlyAmericanshavemuchtodoandlittletimetodoit,sotocopewiththatwe’vebecomemultitaskers,”saidBillWindsor,associatevicepresidentofSafetyatNationwide.“Theproblemwiththatisdrivingrequiresfocusandmultitaskingwhiledrivingputsyouandyourfellowdriversatrisk.”Driversinthesurveyalsoadmittedtochangingseatswithpassengers,watchingamovie,paintingtheirtoenails,nursingababyanddoingotherthingswhiledriving.Youngerdriversmultitaskthemost.Windsorsaidtheconsequencesforyoungdriversaresevere,withcaraccidentsbeingthenumberonecauseofdeathforAmericansaged18to27.“Thebottomlineisifitcanbedoneinthekitchen,bathroom,officeorbedroom,itshouldnotbedoneinthecar,”Windsorsaid.Questions:14.Accordingtothereport,howmanypeopletalkonthephonewhiledriving?15.Whatistheproblemwithmultitaskingwhiledriving?16.WhatisWindsor’sattitudetowardsmultitaskingwhiledriving?Questions17through20arebusedonthefollowingconversation.17．A．Anewsourceoffueloil.B．Analternativeuseoffueloil.C．AwaytomakefueloillesspollutingD．Anewmethodforlocatingundergroundoil.18．A．ShewasdoingresearchforapaperonitB．Shewastoldaboutitbyherroommate.C．Shereadanewspaperarticleaboutit.D．Sheheardaboutitinclass.19．A．Toproduceagascontainingcarbonandhydrogen.B．Toheatthereactorstoapropertemperature.C．Topreventdangerousgasesfromforming.D．Toremoveimpuritiesfrommethanol20．A．Ithasn'tbeenfullytested.B．Itisquiteexpensive.C．Itusesupscarceminerals.D．Itproducesharmfulgases.【答案】17．A18．D19．A20．B【原文】W:Hi.Jim.Whatareyoudoing?M:Hi,Linda.I’mworkingonareportonenergyresourcesformyenvironmentalscienceclass.ButI’mhavingtroublefindingenoughinformation.W:Youknow,weweretalkingaboutsourcesoffuelinmyclasstoday.M:Yeah?W:Prof.Collins.Heisanauthorityonenergysource.Hewastellingusaboutanewwayofgettingfueloilfromcoal.M:Ididn’tknowthatwaspossible.W:Hesaidsomethingaboutcoalbeingsetonfireandburnedwithamixtureofsteamandoxygen.Thisprocessproducesagasmadeupofhydrogenandcarbon,the...hum,thebasicelementsofoil.M:Andthentheydosomethingtochangethatgastooil?W:Right.First,sincecoalcontainsfewerhydrogenatomsthanoil,theyhavetoaddsomeextrahydrogentothegas.Thenimpuritiesarewashedoutwithachemicalcalledmethanol,Ithink.Beforethisgasissentontoreactorswhereit'schangedintooil.M:

SincecoalissoplentifulIguessitwon’tbelongbeforethisnewtypeofoilisavailableallovertheplace,ah?W:Idoubtit.Prof.Collinssaidsomethingabouttheprocessnoteconomicalenoughtouseinthiscountry.Atanyrate,youreallyoughttotalktohim.He’llbeabletohelpyoumorethanIcanandhe’sgotofficehoursallafternoontoday.M:Thanks.He’soverinAndersonHall,right?W:Right.1.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?2.Howdidthewomanlearnabouttheprocessshedescribes?3.Intheprocessdescribedbythewoman,whyisthecoalburned?4.Whatdoesthewomanmentionasadisadvantageoftheprocessshedescribes?II.GrammarandVocabulary（每题1分；共20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Shiftingwomen’sstylesTrendscomeandgoastimeflies.YoumaygetsomecluesaboutthefashionofancienttimesfromthevideosproducedbyZhuRuoxuan,who21(vote)asoneofBilibili’stop100contentcreatorsin2023.Bornin1998,ZhubegansharingherlifeonBilibiliin2019,22(nickname)“DuoduoHualin”,initiallyfocusingonvideosthatshowpopularmakeupinChina.In2021,shegainedwidespreadattention,23atfirstherproductionsdidn’tgrowinpopularity,thankstoavideodepictingtheevolutionoftheordinaryChinesewoman’sappearanceandmindset.Inthevideo,shealsoimitatedthefacialexpressionsofwomenfromdifferenttimeperiods,capturingtheuncertaintyinthe1920sinChinaandtheirconfidence24femaleworkersinthe1950s.Despite25(lack)formalactingtraining,Zhumadefullpreparationsforhervideos.Shestudiedwomeninoldphotosandmovies26(imitate)theirexpressions,strivingforaccuracy.Zhuhasstartedpayingmoreattentiontocurrentsocialphenomena27(face)womensincelastyear.Attheendofavideo,forinstance,shedepictedacharacterwithpinkhairwhosufferedcyberbullyingduetoherhairstyle.Zhumadeclearthat“Iwanteveryonetoseeonlineviolencecouldbefataland28itwasanecessarygrowthbothformyselfandmycreation”.Zhu’srecentvideosdemonstrateamorecompassionateapproachtowardwomeninhistoricalperiods.Forinstance,onDec13th,theannualNationalMemorialDayforVictimsoftheNanjingMassacre,shereleasedananti-warvideo,29thetransformationofanordinaryChinesewomanbeforeandaftertheNanjingmassacrewasportrayed.Thisvideo,whichtooktwomonthstocreate,drewinspirationfromIrisChang’sbookTheRapeofNanking,inwhichwomencuttheirhairshortduringthewartoconceal30amongtherefugees.【答案】21．wasvoted22．nicknamed23．although/though/while24．as25．lacking26．toimitate27．facing28．that29．where30．themselves【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Bilibili百大UP主之一、1998年出生的朱若暄（昵称“朵朵花林”）的视频创作经历及其内容转变。21．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：从朱若萱制作的视频中，你可能会对古代的时尚有所了解。朱若萱被评为2023年Bilibili百大内容创作者之一。who指代的先行词ZhuRuoxuan和vote之间是逻辑动宾关系，句子用被动语态，由in2023可知，句子时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语who指代的先行词ZhuRuoxuan是单数，因此空格处是wasvoted。故填wasvoted。22．考查非谓语动词。句意：朱某出生于1998年，2019年开始在Bilibili上分享自己的生活，网名“朵朵花林”，最初主要发布展示中国流行妆容的视频。句中谓语是began，空格处用非谓语动词，Zhu和nickname之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填nicknamed。23．考查连词。句意：2021年，她获得了广泛的关注，尽管一开始她的作品并没有受到欢迎，这要归功于一段描述普通中国女性外表和心态演变的视频。根据语境可知，句子表示“2021年，她获得了广泛的关注，尽管一开始她的作品并没有受到欢迎，这要归功于一段描述普通中国女性外表和心态演变的视频”，空格处意为“尽管，虽然”，用although/though，引导让步状语从句。故填although/though/while。24．考查介词。句意：在视频中，她还模仿了不同时期女性的面部表情，捕捉到了20世纪20年代中国的不确定性和50年代女性工人的自信。此处表示作为女性工人的自信，空格处意为“作为”，用介词as。故填as。25．考查动名词。句意：尽管缺乏正式的表演训练，朱还是为她的视频做了充分的准备。Despite是介词，其后跟动名词lacking作宾语，故填lacking。26．考查不定式。句意：她研究老照片和电影中的女性，模仿她们的表情，力求准确。根据语境可知，句子表示“她研究老照片和电影中的女性，模仿她们的表情，力求准确”，空格处用不定式表目的。故填toimitate。27．考查非谓语动词。句意：自去年以来，朱开始更加关注当前女性面临的社会现象。句中谓语是hasstarted，空格处用非谓语动词，phenomena和face之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动。故填facing。28．考查宾语从句。句意：我希望每个人都看到网络暴力可能是致命的，这对我自己和我的创作都是必要的成长。“itwasanecessarygrowthbothformyselfandmycreation”是宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导宾语从句。故填that。29．考查定语从句。句意：例如，例如，12月13日是国家公祭日，纪念南京大屠杀遇难者，在这一天，她发布了一则反战视频，描绘了南京大屠杀前后一位普通中国女性的变化。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词video是抽象地点，因此用where引导定语从句。故填where。30．考查反身代词。句意：这段视频花了两个月的时间制作，灵感来自张纯如的著作《南京大屠杀》，书中女性在战争期间剪短头发，将自己隐藏在难民中。根据语境可知，句子表示“女性在战争期间剪短头发，将她们自己隐藏在难民中”，空格处意为“她们自己”，用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．digitalB．initiativeC．considerableD．safeguardE.cutting-edgeF.accessG.strictlyH.weatheredI.ever-presentJ.towersK.comprehensiveAIgoesancienttopreservethousand-year-oldChinesepagodaIntheheartofChina’sShanxiProvincestandsaremarkabletestamenttohumaningenuityandresilience:theYingxianWoodenPagoda.Nearlyathousandyearsold,thisarchitecturalmarvelhas31theravagesoftime,survivingthechaosofwarsandthefuryofnaturaldisasters.Standing67metershigh,thestructure-alsocalledtheSakyamuniPagodaoftheFogongTemple-32abovethesurroundinglandscape,multi-tieredwoodenroofsofferingastrikingcontrasttotherollinghillsandsmallerbuildingsthatdottheregion.Evenwithitsstaggeringresilience,thepagodaisshowingits33age.Builtin1056andrecognizedbyUNESCOastheworld’soldestandtallestentirelywoodenstructure,theYingxianpagodafacestheinevitableeffectsoftime:weathering,structuralfatigue,andthe34threatofwooddecay.Infact,itisnolongeraccessibletotouristswhowouldotherwiseleapatthechancetostepbackintime.Now,thepagoda’sunparalleledvaluetosharedworldheritagehasinspiredarevolutionaryefforttopreserveitforfuturegenerations.Lenovo,theglobaltechnologyleader,will35thisancienttreasureusinggroundbreakingartificialintelligence(AI)technology.IncollaborationwithTsinghuaUniversity’sSchoolofArchitecture,Lenovolaunchedthe“SmartYingxianPagoda”projecttocreatea36twinofthepagodathatcaptureseveryexquisitedetailofitsarchitecture,fromintricatewoodgrainstosubtleimperfectionsinstatues.ThisAI-poweredreplicationismuchmorethanjustahigh-fidelityvirtualmodel-theinteractive,navigableexperiencedemocratizes37tothepagoda’ssplendor,allowingpeoplefromaroundtheworldtoexploreandstudyitsancienthalls.Moreover,itacceleratesongoingrestorativeeffortsandensuresthey38adheretotheoriginalstyle,preservingthepagoda’shistoricalintegrity.“AIforculturalheritageisaboutusing39technologytoreachbackathousandyearstopreservethesewondersforthefuture,”saidShijieMao,LenovovicepresidentanddirectorofresearchinShanghai“Werelentlesslypursueinnovationandtransformation,especiallyintheeraofAI,butalwayswithaneyeonourcommunitiesandhumanexperiences.This40embodiesourcommitmenttosmarterAIforall.”Lookingahead,Lenovoisexploringinvolvementinsimilarheritagepreservationprojectsglobally,welcomingmoreopportunitiesforcollaboration.【答案】31．H32．J33．C34．I35．D36．A37．F38．G39．E40．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了联想集团与清华大学建筑学院合作，利用人工智能技术启动了“智能应县木塔”项目，不仅可供人们互动探索，还能帮助加速修复工作，确保修复工作保持原貌，保护历史完整性。联想集团希望在全球范围内参与更多类似的遗产保护项目，并欢迎更多合作机会。31．考查动词时态。句意：这座有近一千年历史的建筑奇迹经受住了时间的摧残，幸存于战争的混乱和自然灾害的肆虐之中。设空处使用动词与前文的has构成现在完成时，根据下文survivingthechaosofwarsandthefuryofnaturaldisasters可知，这座有近一千年历史的建筑奇迹经受住了时间的摧残。表示“（受风吹雨打而）（使）褪色，（使）风化，”用weather。故选H。32．考查动词时态。句意：这座67米高的建筑（也被称为佛宫寺释迦塔）耸立在周围的景色之上，多层的木屋顶与周围的山丘和点缀着的小建筑形成了鲜明的对比。设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示“这座67米高的建筑耸立在周围的景色之上”，tower为动词意为“高耸；屹立”，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，句子主语为structure为第三人称单数，故用towers。故选J项。33．考查形容词。句意：尽管这座佛塔具有惊人的坚固耐久度，但它仍显露出颇为可观的年岁痕迹。设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰age，此处表示“相当的，可观的”用considerable。故选C项。34．考查形容词。句意：这座建于1056年的佛塔被联合国教科文组织认定为世界上最古老、最高的全木结构建筑，它面临着时间的必然影响：风化、结构疲劳以及木材腐烂的持续威胁。根据上文“weathering,structuralfatigue”及下文“threatofwooddecay”可知，这座佛塔面临着时间的必然影响：风化、结构疲劳以及木材腐烂的持续威胁，ever-present意为“总是存在的；持续不断的”符合语境。故选I项。35．考查动词时态。句意：全球科技领导者联想将使用开创性的人工智能（AI）技术来保护这一古代瑰宝。设空处使用动词作谓语，与前文的will构成一般将来时，此处表示“全球科技领导者联想将使用开创性的人工智能（AI）技术来保护这一古代瑰宝”safeguard意为“保护；维护”符合语境。故选D项。36．考查形容词。句意：联想与清华大学建筑学院合作，推出了“智能应贤塔”项目，创建了一个宝塔的数字孪生，捕捉建筑的每一个精致细节，从复杂的木纹到雕像的细微缺陷。设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词twin，此处表示“联想启动了“智慧应县木塔”项目，以创建了一个宝塔的数字孪生复制品”，digital意为“数字的”符合语境。故选A项。37．考查名词。句意：这种基于AI的复制技术不仅仅是一个高保真虚拟模型——这种互动、可导航的体验使每个人都能接触到木塔的辉煌，让世界各地的人们都能探索和研究其古老的殿堂。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据上文“ThisAI-poweredreplicationismuchmorethanjustahigh-fidelityvirtualmodel”及下文“tothepagoda’ssplendor,allowingpeoplefromaroundtheworldtoexploreandstudyitsancient”可知，这种基于AI的复制技术使每个人都能接触到木塔的辉煌，access“接触；进入”符合语境，且为不可数名词。故选F项。38．考查副词。句意：此外，它还加速了正在进行的修复工作，并确保它们严格遵循原始风格，从而保持佛塔的历史完整性。设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词。根据下文“adheretotheoriginalstyle,preservingthepagoda’shistoricalintegrity”可知，这种基于AI的复制技术还加速了正在进行的修复工作，并确保它们严格遵循原始风格，strictly为副词，意为“严格地”符合语境。故选G项。39．考查形容词。句意：联想上海副总裁兼研究总监毛世杰表示：“文化遗产的人工智能是指利用尖端技术，回溯千年，为子孙后代保存这些奇迹。”根据上文“using”及下文“technologytoreachbackathousandyearstopreservethesewondersforthefuture”可知，联想上海副总裁兼研究总监毛世杰表示：“文化遗产的人工智能是指利用尖端技术，回溯千年，为子孙后代保存这些奇迹。”设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词。cutting-edge意为“尖端的；先进的”符合语境。故选E项。40．考查名词。句意：这一举措体现了我们致力于为所有人提供更智能的人工智能的承诺。设空处使用名词作主语。initiative意为“举措；计划”符合语境。故选B项。III.ReadingComprehension(共45分。41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontextAschildren,ourprimarysourceofsupportcomesfromourparents.Butaswegetolder,westarttospendsignificantlymoretimewith41,saysKaitlinFlannery,anassociateprofessorinpsychologyatStateUniversityofNewYorkCollege,Cortland.“There’sadifferent42thatwehavewithfriends;theyhelpusshapeouridentitythroughoutourlife.”Flannerypointsoutthatinitsinitialstages,friendshipisbuiltonsimilarity.“We’resocialcreatures.Wewant43,”saysFlannery.“Wewantapprovalfromnotonlyourfamily,butoursame-agers.Andsothat’swherefriendshipsstarttoreallybecometheseessential44ofsocialsupport,butalsofunandcompanionship.”Muchoftheresearchonfriendshipdissolutionhasfocusedonchildrenandadolescents,anagewhenitisquitecommonforfriendshipsto45.InFlannery’sresearch,lookingatasampleof354middleschoolstudents,86%saidtheyhadafriendshipendrecently.Mostputitdowntoconflictorabetrayaloftrust.Anotherpredictorwasthelackofsupportfromfriends,orthattheyfelttheyweren’tgettingwhatwasneededfromtheirfriends—46,companionship,ornolongerhavingfuntogether.Theendingoffriendshipsreportedlystirred47emotionsforthemiddleschoolers,includingsadness,butalsohappinessandrelief,dependingonwhythedissolutionhappened,howitended,andwhoinitiatedit.Insomecases,friendshipsaresimply48from“best”friendstatusto“good”friends.Anotheryear-longstudyoffriendshipinseventhgraderssawthat’onlyabouthalfof“bestfriendships”remained29throughouttheschoolyear.Olderadolescents’friendshipsaremoderatelymoreconsistentoverthecourseovertheschoolyear,theresearchsuggests.Suchhighschoolfriendshipsmay50asfriendsmoveapartforuniversityandcollege.Thismaypartlybecausedbythephysical51thatisintroducedbetweenfriends.But,asyoungadultsnavigateincreasinglycomplexsocialnetworks,aswellastheirownandothers’expectations,friendshipscanalsobecomelessconsistent.Asinthepreviouslifestages,friendshipdissolvementisalsoanopportunityforyoungadultstopracticegettingalongwithothers.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplewitha“52”mindsetaboutrelationships—meaning,thebeliefthatrelationshipsrequireeffortandcangrowanddevelop—weremorewillingtomaintainandworkontheirfriendships.Othersmayfeelthatastheirinterestschange,itismorerewardingtospendtimewith53friends.Butstrongfriendshipscansurviveand54tosuchlifechanges,researchshows.“WheneverIlookatfriendshipdissolution,mytakeawayistherearecertainaspectsoflifethatcandisruptfriendships,buttherearealsojustasmanyexamplesoffriendshipsthathavebeenableto55theselifechangesandgrowcloser,”saysFlannery.41．A．teachers B．parents C．agents D．peers42．A．problem B．bond C．lesson D．argument43．A．acceptance B．assistance C．attention D．association44．A．requirements B．purposes C．sources D．services45．A．turnoff B．breakout C．turnover D．breakapart46．A．onthecontrary B．asaresult C．forexample D．inaddition47．A．positive B．shallow C．negative D．complex48．A．heightened B．exported C．downgraded D．separated49．A．neutral B．unclear C．weak D．stable50．A．work B．renew C．fade D．last51．A．distance B．feature C．contact D．development52．A．awareness B．growth C．science D．humanity53．A．new B．young C．adult D．close54．A．adapt B．return C．stick D．object55．A．facilitate B．weather C．assess D．monitor【答案】41．D42．B43．A44．C45．D46．C47．D48．C49．D50．C51．A52．B53．A554．A55．B【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过引用纽约州立大学科特兰分校心理学副教授凯特琳·弗兰纳里的观点和研究，阐述了友谊在人生不同阶段的变化、影响因素以及友谊的维持和发展。41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随着年龄的增长，我们开始花更多的时间与同龄人在一起，科特兰纽约州立大学（StateUniversityofNewYorkCollege,Cortland）心理学副教授凯特琳·弗兰纳里（KaitlinFlannery）说。A.teachers教师；B.parents父母；C.agents代理人；D.peers同龄人。根据后文“Wewantapprovalfromnotonlyourfamily,butoursame-agers.”可知，我们不仅希望得到家人的认可，也希望得到同龄人的认可，所以我们开始花更多的时间与同龄人在一起。故选D项。42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们和朋友之间有一种不同的联系；他们帮助我们在一生中塑造自己的身份。A.problem问题；B.bond联系；C.lesson课程；D.argument争论。根据后文“theyhelpusshapeouridentitythroughoutourlife”可知，朋友帮助我们在一生中塑造自己的身份，所以应是和朋友之间有联系。故选B项。43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们是社会动物。我们希望得到认可，”弗兰纳里说。A.acceptance认可；B.assistance帮助；C.attention注意力；D.association联系。根据后文“Wewantapprovalfromnotonlyourfamily,butoursame-agers.”可知，我们不仅希望得到家人的认可，也希望得到同龄人的认可，此处指是我们希望得到认可。故选A项。44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，友谊开始真正成为这些至关重要的社会支持来源，同时也带来了乐趣和陪伴。A.requirements要求；B.purposes目的；C.sources来源；D.services服务。根据后文“ofsocialsupport,butalsofunandcompanionship”结合选项可知，应是“社会支持的重要来源，也是乐趣和陪伴的来源”符合语境。故选C项。45．考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多关于友谊破裂的研究都集中在儿童和青少年身上，在这个年龄段，友谊破裂是很常见的。A.turnoff关闭；B.breakout爆发；C.turnover翻转；D.breakapart破碎。根据前文“Muchoftheresearchonfriendshipdissolutionhasfocusedonchildrenandadolescents”可知，是关于友谊破裂的研究。故选D项。46．考查介词短语辨析。句意：另一个预测因素是缺乏朋友的支持，或者他们觉得自己没有从朋友那里得到需要的东西——例如，陪伴，或者不再一起玩。A.onthecontrary相反；B.asaresult因此；C.forexample例如；D.inaddition另外。根据后文前文“Anotherpredictorwasthelackofsupportfromfriends,orthattheyfelttheyweren’tgettingwhatwasneededfromtheirfriends”以及后文“companionship,ornolongerhavingfuntogether.”可知，后文是对前文的举例。故选C项。47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据报道，友谊的结束让中学生们产生了复杂的情绪，包括悲伤，但也有快乐和宽慰，这取决于为什么会发生，如何结束，以及是谁提出的。A.positive积极的；B.shallow浅的；C.negative消极的；D.complex复杂的。根据后文“includingsadness,butalsohappinessandrelief”可知，既有悲伤也有快乐和宽慰，所以是复杂的情绪。故选D项。48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，友谊只是从“最好的”朋友状态降级为“好”朋友。A.heightened提高；B.exported出口；C.downgraded降级；D.separated分离。根据后文“from“best”friendstatusto“good”friends.”可知，从“最好的”朋友变为“好”朋友，应是降级。故选C项。49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一项为期一年的关于七年级学生友谊的研究发现，只有大约一半的“最好的友谊”在整个学年保持稳定。A.neutral中立的；B.unclear不清楚的；C.weak弱的；D.stable稳定的。根据后文“Olderadolescents’friendshipsaremoderatelymoreconsistentoverthecourseovertheschoolyear,theresearchsuggests.”可知，研究表明在整个学年中，年龄较大的青少年的友谊在一定程度上更加持续，此处在讲述保持友谊稳定。故选D项。50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样的高中友谊可能会随着朋友们在大学生活中分开而褪色。A.work工作；B.renew更新；C.fade褪色；D.last持续。根据后文“asfriendsmoveapartforuniversityandcollege.”可知，友谊应是会因为在大学生活中分开而褪色。故选C项。31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能部分是由于朋友之间的身体距离造成的。A.distance距离；B.feature特征；C.contact联系；D.development发展。根据前文“asfriendsmoveapartforuniversityandcollege.”可知，朋友分开，所以是身体距离造成的。故选A项。52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，对人际关系持“成长”心态的人——也就是说，相信人际关系需要努力，可以成长和发展——更愿意维持和发展他们的友谊。A.awareness意识；B.growth成长；C.science科学；D.humanity人性。根据后文“meaning,thebeliefthatrelationshipsrequireeffortandcangrowanddevelop”可知，相信人际关系需要努力，可以成长和发展，所以是对人际关系持“成长”心态。故选B项。53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他人可能会觉得，随着他们的兴趣改变，花时间和新朋友在一起更有意义。A.new新的；B.young年轻的；C.adult成年的；D.close亲密的。呼应上文“friendshipdissolvementisalsoanopportunityforyoungadultstopracticegettingalongwithothers”讲友谊的解除也是年轻人练习与他人相处的机会，此处指花时间和新朋友在一起。故选A项。54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但研究表明，牢固的友谊能够经受住并适应这种生活变化。A.adapt适应；B.return返回；C.stick坚持；D.object反对。根据前文“Butstrongfriendshipscansurviveand”可知，空处和survive并列，并且用来讲述牢固的友谊，所以应是“适应这种生活变化”符合语境。故选A项。55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：弗兰纳里说：“每当我看到友谊破裂时，我的结论是，生活中的某些方面可能会破坏友谊，但也有很多例子表明，友谊能够经受住这些生活变化，变得更加亲密。”A.facilitate促进；B.weather经受住；C.assess评估；D.monitor监控。根据前文“Butstrongfriendshipscansurviveand14tosuchlifechanges,researchshows.”可知，是有些友谊能够经受住这些生活变化。故选B项。SectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyse