2025年上海春季高考英语冲刺复习讲练 第10讲：句子还原六选四之三维度快读巧解含详解

第10讲：句子还原六选四之三维度快读巧解

c知识梳理

【考情链接】

六选四阅读文章一般以说明文和议论文为主,选文逻辑严密，结构严谨,突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑

思维能力」设空题型分布以怫中I为主、段■和段用为辅似考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅,间或考查段属

的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试卷主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况

来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接,逻辑衔接,词汇衔接

【要点梳理】

句子衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接，逻辑衔接，词汇衔接。可按这几个原则判断空格与选项是否匹配。

谓构衔接一根据空格的位置判断I

1）若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句。

这句往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结,反映整个段落的主旨和大意认真阅。读后文内容，锁定线索信号词，

然后在选项中查找相关特征词。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。

【例题】（2024杨浦一模）

A.There11stillbetimeswhenoldthoughtscausesadness,oryou'reanxiousaboutwhat'snext.

B.Theusefulnessofnostalgiaseemstovarywithage.

C.Todaywehaveamuchmorepositiveattitudetonostalgia.

D.You'llgetfasteratfindingit,andaddextralayersofdetaileachtime.

E.Theanswerliesinconnectingwithyourpastandfutureselves.

F.Butthere'salsoagrowingbodyofresearchintotimetravel“theotherway”.

（70）Butthemoreyoulearntocontrolyourmemory,thebetteryou'llbeatminingyourpast,

andshapingyourfuture,tobeyourbestselfnow.

2）若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。

A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。如果在段尾提出主题,会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中

应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论,概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果，结论，总结等的信号词，如therefore,asa

result,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语，选项中也川发现前文的同义词句。

B：与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句,看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与

前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中杳找表示转折，对比的关联词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同

一主题上形成对立，对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文

章的主题。

【例题】（2024黄埔一模）

A.DoIevenwantthem?Onwhoseclock?

B.Whyshouldyouchallengethatsecrettimelineofmilestonesinyourhead?

C.Thistime,quittingherjobledtoherfirstalbum,televisionappearancesandsold-outshows.

D.Insteadoffeelingpressuretohitlift?eventsonsomeoneeke'stimeline,maybeit'sfinetomakeourown.

E.Peoplearefeelinglikethey5refallingbehind,wheninfactthey'reprobablydoingexactlywhattheyshould.

F.Shespentyearsfeelinglikeanoutsiderandfailureasshewatchedherpeersriseinschoolandwork,figuring

she'dnevercatchup.

“Yougotocollegerightoutofhighschool.That'stherule,right?^^saysNikkiIvey,asalestrainerandconsultantoutside

Jacksonville,Fla.However,it'snotthecasefbrher.Actually,shegotherundergraduatedegreeat28._67

【例题】（2024虹口一模）

Mostofusdomultitaskingalmostdaily.Butit'stimetochangethat.Yourattentionisalreadybeingpulledinmillionsof

directionsdaily,soyoureallydon'tneedtoaddmultitaskingtothelist.Let'stakethesmartphonefbrexample.Onaverageyou

checkyourphone110limesaday—thatmeansyou'respending23dayseveryyeargluedtoyoursmartphone!How

productivedoyouthinkthatmakesyou?___47___.

Butit'shardtoletgoofthesehabi:sbecauseyou'veconditionedyourbraintosendmisleadingsignalstoyourbody.

Researchhasshownthatwhenyoumultitask''successfully'',youactivatetherewardmechanisminyourbrainthatreleases

dopamine,thehappyhormone.

A.Focusontheonethingyouaredoing.

B.Habitslikethesewhichencourageyou（omultitaskmakeyoumentallyexhaustedandunproductive.

C.Makesurethatyoualsotakebreaksinyourmonotasking,becausethat*swhathelpsyourbraintostayfocused.

D.Soit'sawin-winfbreveryone!

E.Thelittleinformationwedolakeinwhenwe'remultitaskingismoredifficulttorememberatalaterstage.

F.Youfeelsogoodthatyoubelieveyou'rebeingeffectiveandfurtherencouragesyourmultitaskinghabit.

3）若空格句在段中,则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。

【例题】（2024长宁一模）

A.Itwillnotbelongbeforehe'sbackinprisonagain.

B.Wc'rcallrelievedthatthecriminalisbeingpunishedfbrhismisdeeds.

C.Communityserviceislikelytoturnprisonersintobetterpersons.

D.Offendersaretriedandsentencedaccordingtothelegalsystem.

E.Thethreatofanotherspellinjailwillstophimfrombreakingthelawagain.

F.Putthemoneyintosupportingdeprivedareaswhicharethegroundsforcrime.

Butwhathappensnext?Wcallhopetheprisonerwillbenefitfromsociety'sretribution.Aspell（一阵子）inprisonwill

reformhimandmakehimabetterperson.Weallhopehe'llreformandbecomelikeus.Weallhopethatwhenheiseventually

released,hewillbeagoodcharacter.68But,let'sfiiceit.Therealityisusuallyverydifferent.The

prisonermaybereleasedonparole（假释）beforetheendofhissentence.Hewilltry（ore-entersociety.Butthenheoften

becomesivictimhimself,unabletofindworkandisrejectedbysociety.

|2,逻辑衔接一根据前后文逻辑关系判断

1）因果关系（Eg:Asaresult/thus/thcrcfbrc/so（such）...）

因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。2）转折

关系（Eg:However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/inspiteof/onthecontrary/incontrast/bycontrast/in

comparison/otherwise/not...but）

转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可

能是个转折逻辑的句子。

3）并列关系（Eg:firs[/sccond/third/tobeginwiih/toconclude）

并列关系主要指前后的句子间是平等的关系，可以互换位置。

4）递进关系（Eg:also/furthennore/similarly/moreover/inaddition/whafsmore）

递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处

很有可能是个递进的句子。

5）例证关系（Eg:suchas/forexamples/Oneoftheexamplesis...）

前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样,但就其本质而言无非是思维.上的形象（例子，类比等）和

抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。

【例题】（2024徐汇一模）

InLosAngelesin2015,only33percentofyouthslivedwithinwalkingdistanceofapark,accordingtotheL.A.

NeighborhoodLandTrust.Lower-incomeneighborhoodstendtohavethefewestpublicplayspaces,despiteoftenhavinga

highpopulationdensity.___70___

A.Movingmoremaynotpreventachildfrombecomingoverweight,butstudiesshowclearlythatithelpsboth

physicalandmentalhealth.

B.Andalthoughruralareashavemoreundevelopedoutdoorspace,theyoftenlackplaygrounds,tracksandexercise

facilities

C.Alackofsafeplacestorthemtoplayoutsidethehomealsocontributestokidsobesity.

D.Ilalsosuggestedprescribingweight-lossdrugstochildren12andolderandsurgerytoteens13andolder.

E.Increasedscreenlimeandchangingnormsaroundlettingkidsplayoutdoorsareunsupervised.

F.Theyhavesignificantsideeffectsforbothkidsandadults.

3,词汇衔接——丛词汇关系上判断

1）代词

英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根

据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子,they或them指代复数名词,。ne指代单

数可数名词,that指代不可数名词或句子,this指代单数名词或句子;these或those指代前句的复数名词。

2）词汇复现/同义词/反义词

英语前言后语之间往往有同义词，近义词，近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重更使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其

实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。

3）同一范畴词（上下义词）

上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者,或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常

常可以很轻松地解题。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近,

上下文的衔接关系越紧密。

【例题】（2024闵行一模）

48Onerespondentbelievesthereisnotrueemotionalbondingwithoutsmellingalovedone.Infantsrecognize

theirmothers'odourssoonafterbirth.Individualswereabletodistinguishbythesmellaloneclothingwornby（heirpartners

fromsimilarclothingwombyotherpeople.

A.Odoursarealsoessentialsignalsinsocialbonding.

B.Besides,odoursaregranteddifferentculturalvalues.

C.Human'sperceptionofsmellfacilitatesthespreadofhumanculture.

D.Ournosescanperceiveodourspresentnextremelysmallquantities.

E.Manyrespondentsnotedmanyoftheirolfactorylikesanddislikeswerebasedonemotionallinks.

F.Somerespondents5preferencefbraparticularodourwasinfluencedbyemotionalassociations.

课堂精练

一，读懂段意定两头——段首,段尾题

（1）挖空在段首，常是主题句或承上启下句

假如挖空出现在段首，通常为主题句。要认真阅读空后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出主题句。若不是主题句，则考

虑是承上启下句。

(2)挖空在段尾，常是结论句或承上启下句

挖空出现在段尾，通常是所在段的结论和概括。解题时注意在选项中杳找表示结果，结论，总结的关联词(如：therefore,as

aresult,thus,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword)或句子，挖空在段尾的空格可以起到承上启下的作用，即通过空格

把本段与下•段有机地结合起来。这吐我们不光要看空格前面的句子，对于下一段的内容也要特别关注。(段首类的承

上启下句同样适用此法)

例1：

49"Ifanimalsbecomeaccustomedtotouristsandiftourismpracticesenhancethistaming,wemightcreate

unintendedconsequences-affectingthebehaviororpopulationofaspeciesandinfluencingthespecies'functioninits

community,“theresearcherswrite.

A.Asanimalslearntorelaxinthepresenceofhumans,theymaybecomebolderinothersituations.

F.Interactingwithpeoplecancausegreatchangeinthecharacteristicsofvariousspeciesovertime.

例2：

IfHarryPotterandHuckleberryFinnwereeachtorepresentBritishversusAmericanchildren'sliterature,acurious

situationwouldemerge:Inaliterarycompetitionfortheheartsandmindsofchildren,oneisawizard(巫师)-in-trainingata

boardingschoolin(heScottishHighlands,while(heotherisabarefootbeydriftingdown(heMississippi,botheredbycheats,

slavehunters,andthieves.Onedefeatsevilwithamagicstick,theothertakestoaraft(筏)torightasocialwrong.___67___

A.Itallgoesbacktoeachcountry'sdistinctculturalheritage.

F.Bothorphanstookovertheworldofchildren'sliterature,buttheirstoriesunfoldinnoticeabledifferentways.

例3：

DoyouprefertowatchTVorlistentotheradio?Therewasatimewhensomepeoplethoughtmovingpictureswouldspell

theendoftuninginto(heradioforentertainmentandinformation.Buiradiosurvivedandboomed.67.

Perhapsthegrowthinpodcastingisnotsurprising-itoffersadigitalaudiofilethatcanbedownloadedandstoredfor

listeningatanytime.ItcanalsobestreamedfromtheinternetandplayedonacomputerorMP3player.Andit'snotjust

broadcasters,liketheBBC,whoareproducingpodcasts:nowcommercialbroadcasters,individualsandcompanieswithno

connectiontobroadcastingarcmakingihcm.Infact,anyonewithsoircthingtosay,andafewpoundstospendonthe

equipment,cangetinvolved.

C.Andnow,despitethegrowthinsmartphonesofferinghigh-definitionpictures,(hepopularityofpodcastsisbooming.

E.Podcastsofferachancetospeaktoaverypreciseselectionofpeople.

二，细辨关系定中间一段中题

一般说来，文章的行文通常需要一定的衔接手段来实现，而该题型的衔接手段主要有以下两种渠道：一是词汇线索,

二是行文逻辑。

(1)从词汇线索上判断

词汇线索主要包括代词和词汇复现两种情况。

a.代词

英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高。代词主要用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也是为了区别前面提到的名词或概念。

巧妙利用这样的指代关系及差异可以准确而快速地解题。

例：

Afreshlemoncanbepurchasedforlessthan$1.Butin2(X)8,Cowan'sAuctionsinCincinnatisoldalemonblackenedwith

agefor$2,350.

Whatwassospecialaboutthislemon?67According(oahandwrittennoteininkattached(oapartlysealed

bottlecontainingthelemon,thefruitwaspickedinMay1842byWashington's"oldgardener"some43yearsafterthefirst

president'sdeath

C.ItwassaidtobefromatreeplantedbyGeorgeWashingtonatMountVernon.

D.Theauctionresultsurelydrewtheattentionfromboththebusinessandeconomicsworlds.

b.词汇复现

作者在文章中会对同一个概念重复描述,从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词汇复现可以指相同词汇

的重复使用，同义词和近义词的复现以及同一范畴词汇的复现。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。

例：

69.Dotheychoosetorob?Dotheysitathomeandwait?Whathappenstopeoplewhorelyontheircellphones

toprocessmoneydealingswhencellserviceandtheInternetarcinterrupted?Aworldaffectedbyterrorismandincreasingly

violentweaihcrmaynotycibereadyioabandoncurrency."

D.Clearingupcashpaymentshasseveraladvantagesaswell.

E.However,somepeopledoubtwhatmembersofacashlesssocietywilldowhen(hepowergoesoff.

(2)从行文逻辑上判断

英语行文离不开逻辑关系，一篇没有逻辑的文章只能是一盘散沙。逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系，递进关系，因果关系，

转折或对比关系等。

a.并列关系

表示并列关系的词有:first(ly),second(ly)first,then/nextinthefirstplace,inthesecondplaceforonething,for

another(thing)tobeginwith,toconclude等标志性词语，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并

列的句子。

b.递进关系

递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有：too,also,besides,further,

furthermore,moreover,apartfrom,what'smore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...butnotonly...butalso等。

c.因果关系

表示因果关系的词有：so/therefore,thus,hence,consequenlly（结果）,asaresult,forthatreason,so/such...that...,sothat...

等。

d.转折或对比关系

表示转折或对比关系的词有：but,however,yet.while/though.or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless（然而）,

incontrast/bycomparison等。

e.表示解释关系

表示解释关系的词有：inotherwords,infact,asamateroffact,torexample,forinstance,thatistosay等.

例1:

Inordertofinishprojects,youmustalsoplanout（hestepsyouwilltake.Breakyourbigtaskintosmallerones,andgive

yourselfashort-termdeadlineforeachofthem.___48___.

C.Whateveritis,ifyoudon'tknowwhatyourgoalis,you'renotlikelytoreachit.

E.Thencommittofollowingyourplantotheend.

例2:

However,thereisanegativesideloboxing.Itislikelytothreatenpersonalsafetyofpeople.Althoughboxersweargloves

duringthefights,andamateurboxersevenhavelowearhelmets,therehavefrequentlybeenaccidentinbothprofessionaland

amateurboxing,sometimeswithdramaticconsequences.Boxershavesufferedfromheadinjuries,andoccasionally,fighters

haveevenbeenkilledasaresultofbeingknockedoutinthering.___49___Sometimesevenifaboxerhasneverbeenknocked

out,hemighthavesufferedseverebraindamagewithoutknowingit.

D.Professionalboxersarcmuchmoreatriskthantheiramateurcounterparts.

E.Funhcrmorc,studieshaveshownihaiincrearcoftenlong-termeffectsofboxing

例3:

ThisunequaldistributionindicatesasituationofseverefoodinjusticeinSouthAfrica.Yetfromtheresearchwithit'sclear

thatpeopledonotknowoftherighttofood,anddon'tseeunequalaccesstonutritiousfoodasaninjustice.

68Whiletherearefrequentprotestsaroundaccesstojobs,education,housing,waterandelectricity,werarely,if

ever,seeprotestsaboutaccesstofood.

A.Asaresult,questionsofhungerarclargelyabsentinSouthAfricanpolitics.

B.Handlingfoodinjusticerequiresatransformationoftheundesirablestructureofthefoodsystem.

例4:

Yourpersona]circumstancesareequallyimportant.Forexample,youmaywanttobeaPilotbutcan'tbecomeonebecause

youreyesightisnotgoodenough.70Youshouldreassessyourgoals,andmotivateyourselftosetafreshgoal.

A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.

C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.

例5:

68.Forinstance,theprimingandhandlingofmoneyisexpensive.Cashpaymentscanbeanonymous（匿名的）

andilishardtotrackcriminalactivitiesconductedinsecret.Manygovernmentsfavorreducingcashdealingsinordertobelter

monitorandunderstandtheactivitiesoftheircitizens.TheSwedishgovernmenthasbeendiscussingtheremovingofcashsince

2010.

A.There'snowaitingforitandnocountingofcash.

D.Clearingupcashpaymentshasseveraladvantagesaswell.

Q课后反馈

模拟基础练।

（2024年奉贤区二模）

RainCollection

Whatdoyouliketodoonarainyday—sitinsideandlistentothepitter-patterontherooforsplashoutsideandfeelthecold

dropsonyourface?Whateveryouchoose,rainisvitallyessentialin（henature.

471（fillsriversandlakes,slowlysinksintotheearth,nourishesourplants,andkeepsthelandaliveandbeautiful.

Inthepast,peopleobtainedtheirwaterfromrain,wells,ornearbyrivers.Now,manyofusliveinplaceswherewaterispipedin,

sometimesfromfaraway.Removingsomuchwaterfromnatureandsendingittogreatdistancesharmthelivingthingsthatalso

needthatwater.

Asclimatechangeheatsuptheplanetandcausesextremeweather,moreplacesfacewatershortages.48.Oneeasy

placetolookformorewateristhesky!

Humanshavecollectedrainsinceancientlimes.49.Theyarelappingintothiscleanandrichsourceofwater

providedbynature.Byharvestingtherainwecanreducetheamountofwalerwetakefromriversandoutoftheground.

Evenindryclimates,thereisalotofpotentialrainwaterthatcanbeeffectivelyharvestedandutilized.Thisrichyetoften

overlookedresourcehasthepotentialtosignificantlycontributetowaterconservationefforts,especiallyinregionsfacingwater

shortages.Justoneinchofrainfallingonamedium-sizedhouseproducesover600gallonsofwater.50.

Nowadays,rainwaterisstillusedasaprimarysupplyinmanyplacesintheworld,likeVietnamandHawaii.Inplaceswith

piped-inwater,rainwaterisnotcommonlyused,butthisischanging.Rainwaterharvestingisgettingmorepopularsinceit'seasy

todoandhelpscreatewatersecurity.

A.Largeroofscan.hence,collectgreateramountofwater.

B.Rainwatercanalsobeusedforfountainsandponds.

C.Wealldeeplydependonthenourishmentofrain.

D.Tosecurefuturewatersupply,wcneednewsources.

E.Now,manypeoplearereturningtothispractice.

F.Rainwateriscleanbutitgetsdirtyfromtheroof.

(2024年黄浦区二模)

AntarcticTourism:ShouldWeJustSayNo?

MorepeoplearevisitingAntarctic,thefrozencontinentthaneverbefore.___67___Thishasbroughtanewurgencytothe

questionofhowmuch,ifany,tourismshouldbeallowedontheicycontinent.

ThedistancemostvisitorstraveltoreachAntarcticamakescarbonemissionsaseriousproblem.___68___Onestudy

calculatedthateachtouristbetween2016and2020waseffectivelymeltingaround83tonnesofsnow,duelargelytoemissions

fromvacationships.

___69___TheAntarcticTreaty,establishedin1961toprovidegovernancefbrthecontinent,operatesonaconsultativebasis,

whichmeansall56partieshavetoagreebeforeachangecanbeputintoaction.Thelastmajordecisionontourismwasameasure

passedin2009thatprohibitsvacationshipscanyingmorethan500passengersfrommakinglandings.Thatregulationhasstillnot

officiallybeencarriedoutasnotcvcrysignatorycountryhasaccepteditdomestically.

Thereisclearagreementthatsomethingneedstochange,butnoagreementonwhatthosechangesshouldbe.___70___

A.Thenumberofvisitorshit100,000forthefirsttimethistouristseason,a40%jumpoverthepreviousrecord.

B.TheAntarcticisatrisknotjustbecauseofthebreakabilityofitsenvironment,butduetothelackofasingle

governingbody.

C.Shouldlandingsbemadeatalargernumberofsitesforinstanceorshou'dweaim(okeep(hehumanfootprintas

smallaspossible?

D.Ifwhatyoureallywantistoconnectwithsnowandiceandyou'reinthenorthernhalf>canyoucatchatraintothe

nearestsnowregioninstead?

E.Theaverageper-personcarbonemissionsfbranAntarctictouristarc3.76tonnes-aboutthetotalsumthatan

individualtypicallygeneratesinanentireyear.

F.Thereissolittleregulationnowthatalmostanythingthatwillprotecttheareashyanofficiallegalsourcerather

thanself-regulatedwouldbereallypositive.

重难提升练।

【上海市黄浦区敬业中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考】

MagazineArticles:MoreValuableThanYouMayThink

Parentsareoftensurprisedwhenteacherssuggesttheirchildrenreadmagazines.Theyfeeltheirkids'readingabilitieshave

beenunderestimated.___47

Magazinearticlescanprovidereluctantreaderswithalivelywritingstylethatcaninspirethemtoreadmore.___48___Soa

childcanfinishreadinganarticlewithoutlosinginterestduetoashortattentionspan（持续时间）.Thewritinginmagazinesalso

tendstobeeasytoread,especiallyifitisachildren'spublication.

Byallowingchildrentoreadmagazinesatanearlyage,parentsareencouragingdevelopmentofausefulskill.Magazines

andnewspapersprovideadultswithcriticalnews.Gettingintothehabitofreadingmagazinesasachildwilldevelopthelifelong

habitofreadingnewsarticles.

___49____Magazinearticleschallengestudentstothinkaboutissuestheymayhaveneverconsideredorcausethemto

rethinktheirworldviewInformationisavailableinawidevarietyofreadinglevelsbecausemagazinesarewritfenforevery

audienceimaginable.Manypublicationscoverthesamematerialindifferentwritingstylesthatmightmakeiteasierfbryour

childtocomprehend.

Whenreadingmagazinestogether,familymembersgettolearnabouteachother'sinterest.___50___Onceeachfamily

memberhasfinishedreadingeachmagazine,parentscanevendesignartandwritingprojectsforthewholefamilytoworkon.

Allinall,magazinesarcvaluableformanypeople,butinparticulartochildren.Theskillsthattheyuseandstrengthenwhen

readingmagazinescanbeappliedtofurtherstudy.Encouragingchildrentoreadmagazinescouldchangethemfromareluctant

readertoaloverofreading.

A.Readingmagazinesenableschildren（obeexposedtovarioussubjects.

B.Instead,itisnecessarytointroducetheirkidstoawiderangeofbooksaswellasmagazines.

C.Thebenefitsofreadingmagazinearticlescanbeachievedthroughschoclactivities.

D.Childrencanpassamagazineontoabrotherorsisterwhentheyfinishreadingit.

E.However,readingmagazinesoffersmanybenefitstoyoungreaders.

F.Thearticlesinmagazinesaregenerallyshort.

【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考】

Theeconomiccostofextremeheat

TheAcropolis（古希腊城市的卫城）hasstoodabovethecityofAthensforcenturies,itsancientwallsandpillars

withstandingwar,siege（包围）andconquest.Butastemperaturesreached4（）℃acrosssouthernEuropethismonth,Greece'stop

touristattractionbrieflyfellvictimtoextremeheat.

TheCerberusheatwave-namedaftertlicthree-headeddogwhoguardedthegatestohellinGreekmythology—hasshonea

spotlightonjusthowvulnerabletheMediterranean'shugetourismindustryistotheheatwavesthatarcbecomingincreasingly

commoninEurope.

47.Industriesrangingfromconstruction,tomanufacturing,agriculture,transportandinsuranceareallbracingfor

changestothewaytheydobusinessashigh-temperaturedaysbecomemoreroutinebecauseofclimatechange.

Scientistsareclearthatextremeweatherevents,includingheatwaves,willbecomemorefrequentandintensewithevery

fractionofadegreeofwarming.Businessleadersandpolicymakerarenowcountingthecostofshutteredcompaniesand

decreasedproductivity.48.

“Extremeheatispullingdownourgrowth,saysKathyBaughmanMcLeod,directoroftheAdrinemieArsht-Rockefeller

FoundationResilienceCenter,44theranwaysarebuckling(变形)，metrosareclosing,restaurantshavetoshutdownbecause(he

kitchenstaffaretoohot.”

Butthosecostsarclikelytospiralincomingdecadesaseconomicsreorientthemselvesforpeakseasonsofevermore

extremeheat,tomitigate(减轻)againsttherisksanddisruptiontheywillbring.

^Extremeheatisoneoftheveryseriousconsequencesofclimatechange“saysDanJorgensen,Denmark'sclimateminister.”

Theverytragicnewsisthatthisisprobablyonlygoingtogetworse.”

Oneofthemainreasonsthatextremeheatposesaneconomicthreatisbecauseitmakesithardertowork.49Inhot

conditions,humanbeingstypically"workslower,wetakeonmorerisk,ourcognitivefunctiondecreases”,saysLauraKentofthe

InstitutionofMechanicalEngineers.

AstudybytheInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO),theUNagencyforworkers,projectedthatby2030,theequivalentof

morethan2percentoftotalworkinghoursworldwidewouldbelosteveryyear,eitherbecauseitistoohottoworkorbecause

workershavetoworkataslowerpace.

Yetfewcountrieshaveamaximumtemperatureforworkmuststop.IntheUK,forexample,whereextremeheathasnot

historicallybeenaproblem,thereisonlyarecommendedthresholdtorsloppingworkincold,nothot,temperatures.

Thepoorestandleastabletocopeareoftenhithardestbyextremeheat—withproductivitylossesoftenconcentratedinjobs

wherewagestendtobelowerthanaverage.

Outdoorworkers-especiallythoseinagricultureorconstruction—areparticularlyatriskofdeath,injuries,sicknessand

reducedproductivitybecauseofheatexposure,accordingtotheILO.50.Manysuchfacilitiesarcsituatedintheglobal

south,wherepeaktemperaturesarcevenmoreextremeanddangerous.

A.Officialsshutthesiteforseveralhoursduringthehottestpartsoftheday,afterholidaymakersqueueingtoenter

requiredmedicalattention.

B.Hightemperaturesgohardinhandwithlowproductivity.

C.Buttheeconomicimpactofwhatexpertswarncouldbeaneweracfrecord-breakingheatgoesfarbeyond

tourism.

D.Butthoseworkinginsidefactoriesandworkshopswithoutairconditioningarealsoatincreasingriskasintense

heatwavesbecomemorefrequent

E.Theimpactofextremeheatonworkershasbecomeanissueofhumanrights.

F.AstudypublishedbyacademicsDartmouthlastyearfound(hatheatwaves,broughtonbyhuman-causedclimate

change,costtheglobaleconomyanestimated$l6tnovera21-yearperiodfromthe1990s.

真题实战练

[2023年1月上海高考英语真题】

A.Beforeyouslockupatcafe,knowthatitispossibletodrinkloomuchcoffee.

B.Coffeehasitsadvantagesanddisadvantagesaccordingtodifferentpeople.

C.Researchersfoundthatcaffeine,particularlycoffee,hadaprotectiveeffectagainstdepression.

D.Sobyallmeans,grabthatextracupofcoffee,butbesuretolimityourintake.

E.Themood-boostingnewsdoesn'tstopthere.

F.Tosumup,moreresearchersshouldbedonetoclarifytherelationbetweencaffeineanddepression.

Ifyouneededanotherexcusetograbanothercupofcoffee,considerthisresearchablessingtodoso.

Acomprehensiveanalysisof12studieslookedatnearly350,000individualsandmore(han8.000casesofdepression.

(67)InChina,researchersanalyzed15studieswithmorechan330,000totalparticipants.Theirresultsshowedthat

foreverycupofcoffeepeopledrank,theyreduced(heirriskofdepressionby8percent.

(68)Harvardresearchersstudied10years'worthofdatafrom51,000women,noneofwhomhad

depressiontobeginwith,Theresultsshowedthatthewomenwhodrankthemostcoffee(fouror