①寒假复习-专题01 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态、过去将来时、主谓一致（知识讲解+高考必考题型练）（学生版）2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (译林版)

专题01现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态、过去将来时、主谓一致目录考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破核心考点聚焦高考考点聚焦常考考点真题举例过去将来时的构成2023北京卷主谓一致2023北京卷主谓一致2023全国甲卷现在完成时的主动语态和被动语态的区别2021浙江高考一、现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态1.现在进行时的被动语态(1)结构肯定式主语+am/is/arebeingdone+其他.否定式主语+am/is/arenotbeingdone+其他.一般疑问式Am/Is/Are+主语+beingdone+其他?特殊疑问式特殊疑问词+am/is/are(+主语)+beingdone+其他?⑵用法①表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常有now,atthemoment等时间状语。Thequestionisbeingdiscussedbythemnow.他们此刻正在讨论这个问题。Itissaidthatthewaterinthelakeisnotbeingprotectedatthemoment.据说，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。②表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。Aretheoldmenbeinglookedafterbythisnurse?这些老人正由这个护士照看吗？WhoisbeingselectedforthecomingEnglishspeechcontest?谁正在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛接受挑选？③表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always,constantly,often等词连用，含有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。Ifeelverysurprisedthatthewindowofourclassroomisoftenbeingbroken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的窗户经常被打破。Heisalwaysbeing,praisedbytheteacher.他总是被老师表扬。④现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词hold,take等)。Abirthdaypartyisbeingheldtonight.今晚将要举行一场生日晚会。【温馨提示】(1)现在进行时的被动语态有时也可以转换为"be+介词(under/in/on)+名词"结构。Thetopicisunderdiscussion(=isbeingdiscussed)atthemeeting.会上正在讨论这个问题。Thetelephoneisinuse(=isbeingused)now.这部电话正在使用中。Thepicturesareondisplaythesedays.这些天这些画展正在展出中。(2)短语动词的现在进行时变被动语态时,短语动词中的介词、副词不可省略。Theplanisbeingcarriedoutwell.计划进展顺利。Makesureallpatientsarebeingtakencare.of.确保所有的病人都被很好地照料。2.现在完成时的被动语态(1)结构肯定式主语+have/hasbeendone+其他.否定式主语+have/hasnotbeendone+其他.一般疑问式Have/Has+主语+beendone+其他？特殊疑问式特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+beendone+其他？(2)用法①表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,通常与already,yet,never,recently等副词及时间状语sofar,bynow,uptillnow,since等连用。Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了)Theprofessorhasn’tbeensentforyet.还没有派人去请教授。(现在应派人去请医生)--Hasherhomeworkbeenfinisheduptillnow?到目前为止，她的家庭作业完成了吗？--Yes,ithas.是的，完成了。(工作不用再做了)②表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于howlong引出的句子中。Thecarhasbeenrepairedfortwohours.这台车已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)Howlonghastheplanbeencarriedout?这项计划已经实施多长时间了？(可能还会继续实施)③用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来已经完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。We’llstartassoonasthespeechhasbeenfinished.这演讲一完成我们就立即动身。二.过去将来时1用法过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。IthoughtTomwouldn’tattendtheeveningparty,buttomysurprise,hecame.我原以为汤姆不会参加这个晚会，但是令我惊讶的是，他来了。ItoldAnnIshould/wouldreturnthebookinafewdays.我告诉过安，我将在几天后还书。2表示方法(1)would/should+动词原形，would用于所有人称，should只用于第一人称。Emilytoldusthatshewouldnotgowithus,ifitrained.埃米莉告诉我们，如果下雨的话她就不和我们一起去了。ItelephonedmyfatheryesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天给父亲打电话问我下周做什么。【温馨提示】"would+动词原形"也可表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。WhenIwassmall,mymumwouldreadmestoriesatnight.在我小的时候，妈妈常在晚上给我讲故事。(2)was/weregoingtodo表示过去打算/计划做某事或客观迹象表明要发生的事。IwasgoingtoseeMr.Brownthenextday,buttheappointmentwascancelled.我本打算第二天去看布朗先生的，但预约被取消了。Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.我想天要下雨了。(3)was/wereabouttodo表示过去正要/即将做某事，一般不与时间状语连用。WhenIgottheretheywereabouttoleave.我到那里的时候他们正要离开。三.主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词必须与其主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。1语法一致原则语法一致原则是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上必须一致,，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。(1)不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。MuchequipmentaboutthefamousscientisthasbeenpurchasedfromtheInternet.已经从网上购买了许多关于这位著名科学家的设备。Everypartistobecarefullycheckedbeforetheyareputtogether.组装之前,每一个部件都要仔细检查。Thesebooksaredesignedforchildrenunderthreeyearsold.这些书是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。(2)复合不定代词anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,nothing及不定代词either,each等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Everyoneofusisreadyforthesportsmeeting.我们每个人都为运动会做好准备了。Everythinghereisinacompletemess,whichdrivespeoplecrazy.这里所有的事情都乱成一团,让人发疯。(3)单个的动词不定式(短语)、v-ing(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Dancingtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.听音乐跳舞使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。Whenwecouldfinishthetaskisnotknownyet.我们何时能完成这项任务还未知。2意义一致原则这一原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式来确定，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。意义一致原则主要适用于以下几种情况:(1)and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。Theownerandtheeditor-in-chiefofthenewspaperaretoattendtheconference.这家报纸的业主和主编将参加这次会议。Theknifeandforkisonthedesk.这套刀叉在桌子上。Theteacherandwriterisgoingtogiveusatalk.那位老师兼作家将要给我们做一次报告。【温馨提示】如果and连接两个"every/each+名词"的结构时，谓语动词常用单数形式。Everyboyandeverygirlinourclasshasmadegreatprogress.我们班的每个男孩和女孩都取得了很大的进步。(2)"all/most/half/therest/...+of+名词/代词"或"分数/百分数+名词/代词"作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。Therestofthebuildingswereeasytogettoandtherestofhistimewasspentinenjoyingthebeautifulscenes.其余的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。Hegotbackhome,findingthatsomeofthesugarwasspilledonthefloor.他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。(3)表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体来看待,谓语动词常用单数形式。Twentykilometersisquitealongdistance.20千米是相当长的一段距离。Fiftydollarswasalargesumformeatthattime.那时50美元对我来说是一大笔钱。(4)集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题①有的集体名词表示复数含义，作主语时谓语通常也用复数形式，比如cattle,people,police等。Howmanypeoplewereatthemeeting？有多少人参加了会议？Thecattlearegrazingatthefootofthehill.牛群正在山脚下吃草。②有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调集体中的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式，比如family,class,audience,team,group,band,committee(委员会)等。Myfamilyissuchahappyonethatmanyfriendsadmiremealot.我的家庭很幸福，,很多朋友都很羡慕我。WhenIcalledonherlastSaturdayevening,herwholefamilywerewatchingTV.当我上星期六晚上拜访她时，她全家都在看电视。③有的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式，比如clothing,equipment,furniture,jewellery,poetry等。Thefurnitureinthisroomhasbeenmadetoorder.这个房间的家具是定做的。Alltheirclothingisbrightandattractive.他们所有的衣服都颜色鲜艳,引人注目。Theirequipmenthasbeenshippedaheadofschedule.他们的设备已提前运走了。(5)"the+形容词/分词"表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。Thewoundedweresavedbythevillagersatlast.最后，村民救了伤员。3就近原则这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。该原则主要适用于以下几种情况：(1)either...or..,...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。AreyouorhegoodatEnglish？是你还是他擅长英语？Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwantstogoclimbing.不仅学生想去爬山,老师也想。(1)therebe句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。Thereisapen,twobooksandmanypencilsonthedesk.桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。Therearetwobooks,apenandmanypencilsonthedesk.桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。1.在使用现在完成时时，要注意现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。动作发生的时间可对现在有无影响一般过去时的被动语态过去无现在完成时的被动语态过去有Thebigfirehasbeenputout.大火已经被扑灭了。Thebigfirewasputouttwohoursago.大火在两小时前被扑灭了。2.was/wereabouttodo/were/wastodo/was/weredoing的区别①"Sb.beabouttodo...when..."句型表示"某人正要做某事，这时(突然)……"。Iwasabouttoleavewhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.我正要离开，突然有人敲门。②was/weretodo表示过去计划或安排将要做某事。Mikesaidhewastofinishtheworkinaweek.迈克说他打算一星期内完成这项工作。③当was/were+doing用于过去将来时时,仅限于go,come,leave,start,takeoff等趋向性(短语)动词。Ididn’tknowtheywerecoming.我并不知道他们要来。DavidwasleavingforShanghaiinafewdays.戴维几天以后要去上海。3.主谓一致中由aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,with,ratherthan,but,except,besides,inadditionto,like,including等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与(短语)介词前面的主语保持一致。Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikesthesinger.老师和学生们都喜欢这个歌手。Mike,alongwithhisfriends,goesskatingeverySaturday.每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。4.单复数形式相同的名词作主语时,谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的意义来确定。这类名词有means,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Everymeanshasbeentried.每一个方法都试过了。Notallmeansareuseful.并非所有的方法都有用。真题感知1.(2023北京卷)Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守时).I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedupexactlyontime.2．.(2023北京卷)Uptonow,China(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.3.(2023∙全国甲卷短文改错)Intheevening,whenItakethewalkintheschoolgarden,thesingingofinsects______(become)moremeaningfultome.4.(2021·浙江高考)Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.提升专练一、单项选择1.Inrecentyears,aglobalcampaign______bytheSpaceAgencytopromotefurtherdevelopmentofthemannedaviation.A．launched B．haslaunched C．waslaunched D．hasbeenlaunched2.—Canyouseetheflowersthat______aspresentsforyourmother’sbirthday?—Yes.Theyaresobeautiful.A．arebuying B．willbuy C．havebrought D．havebeenbought3.Michelangelo,aswellassomeotherartists,________as“artists”ratherthan“technicians”,whichmeansartandtechnologyhavealwaysbeenseenastwoseparatethings.A．hasbeenlabelling B．havebeenlabelling,C．hasbeenlabelled D．havebeenlabelled4.—David,pleaseturnofftheTV.—ButtheTVoffalready!Themusicisfromtheradio.A．isturned B．hasbeenturned C．isbeingturned D．willbeturned5.—“Theceremonyhasalreadystarted.”—“Look!Theflagis________now.”A．beingraised B．risen C．beingrose D．raising6.Look!Asnowman________bythechildrenintheyardnow.A．ismaking B．istobemadeC．hasbeenmaking D．isbeingmade7.Thegraybuildingiswheretheworkersareliving,andthewhiteoneiswherethespareparts_______.A．areproducing B．arebeingproducedC．produced D．hadbeenproduced8.—Whyistheresomuchnoiseintheclassroom?—AwonderfulNew-Year-Dayparty________there.A．isheld B．isholding C．holds D．isbeingheld9.Advances________inmedicineandenvironmentsofar,thankstoincreasingcomputerpower.Inaddition,newproductsinvirtualrealityandwearabletech________tothemarketmoreandmorequickly.A．havemade;havebeenbrought B．havebeenmade;arebeingbroughtC．weremade;arebeingbrought D．arebeingmade;havebeenbrought10．I________forTommy,butIchangedmymindandvotedforMichelle.A．wasgoingtovote B．wouldvote C．havevoted D．voted11．Twentyyearsago,nooneimaginedtechnologythewaypeoplemakefriendssignificantlyintheyearstocome.A．changed B．haschanged C．wouldchange D．hadchanged12．Brokeknewthatshe______timetofinishherhomeworkbytomorrow.A．willnothave B．wouldnothave C．donothave D．cannothave13．Atfirst,Ryan’splanwasjusttobuildasinglewellsomewhereinAfricaandhedidn’texpectthathe________suchagreatdifferencetopeople’slives.A．made B．hasmade C．wouldmake D．hadmade14．Thestudentsweretoldthatthey________attheschoolgateat2:00thefollowingafternoon.A．met B．willmeet C．weretomeet D．weremet15.Margretpromisedthatshe________agiftwhenshewentbacktoWashington.A．willsend B．wouldsend C．hadsent D．wassending二、单句语法填空1.OnJuly8th,2023,theOlympicCouncilofAsiaannouncedthatHarbin(hold)the9thAsianWinterGamesin2025.2.Hepromisedmethathe(help).3.MotherBirdoftenworriedfromdaytodayherbaby(be)full-grownverysoon.4.Thefamilywonderedhowhe(react)totheshockingnewsafterhewastoldaboutit.5.Susantoldmelastnightthatshe(go)toSpainnextmonthtofurtherherstudy.6.Hesaidhe(be)ninetyyearsoldintwoyears.7.Hepromisedthathe(apology)tomeformakingsuchafoolmistaketomorrow.8.Heopenedhismouthasifhe(say)something.9.Hetoldmethathe(take)thefinalexaminationthenextThursday.10.Hesaidthathe(volunteer)toteachkidsintheorphanageafterhegraduatedfromuniversity.11.Myyoungerbrothersaidthathe(be)thankfulifIhelpedhimwithhishomework.12.UncleSamsaidhe(attend)mybirthdayparty,buthedidn’tturnup.13.Ihadtomakeimportantdecisionsthatwould(effect)mefortherestofmylife.14.--HeleftforBeijingthismorning.--Oh,Ithoughthe(notgo)untilnextweek.15.Ourteachersaidthatthere(be)anEnglishexamthenextweek.16.Thescientistssaidthegrowthoftheworld’spopulation(slow)downinthefuture.17.Thethreeemployeessaidthey(notgo)backtoworkuntiltheygothigherpay.18.Iwastoldthathe(be)goingtoreturnhome.19.Bettysaidshe(visit)theGreatWallthenextSaturday.20.Theyneverknewthatpopulation(become)abigproblem.21.TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercutting(show)atthecultureexhibitionatpresent.22.Hewasbadlyinjuredintheaccidentlastnightand(operate)onnow.23.Wouldyoupleasekeepquiet?Theweatherreport(broadcast).24.Anewstadium(build)here.Theyhopetofinishitnextweek.25.Ican’tstandthenoisefromtheconstructionsite.Ashoppingmall(construct)there.26.Morethanadozencoronavirusvaccines(疫苗)(test)onhumanvolunteersatthemoment.27.Althoughthecausesofcancer(uncover),wedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.28.Theprojecttomakeanewhomeforpandasatpresent.(develop)29.--Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.--Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand(question)now.30.It’ssaidthatherpaintings(show)atthegallerynow.31.Sincethesetechnologiescanimproveefficiencybymorethan50%,they(apply)totheindustrialprocessinacomprehensivemannerinthepastfewyears.32.Threewomenandtheirchildren(rescue)fromtheburninghousebythefiremensincethefirebrokeout.33.Uptonow,moreandmoreproblemsaboutchildren(pay)attentionto.Wefinditcommonthatparentsandchildrenlackcommunication.34.Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances(物质)(discover)inthepastyears.(35.Thenewtechnology,which(apply)toricegrowingsinceitwascreated,isincreasingthegrainoutput.36.Thebook(translate)intothirtylanguagessinceitcameonthemarketin1973.37.Thankstothenewtechnology,costs(reduce)by30%overthepastyear.38.Thecase(investigate)foroversixweeks.39.Uptonow,alargenumberofschools(build)inthisarea.40.ProfessorYang(invite)tothefilmfestivaltwicesofar.41.Greatchanges(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactories(set)upinthepasttenyears.42.Somanythings(do)tosavethelocalwildlife,suchassettingupreserveandmakinglaws.43.Uptonow,morethan360acupuncturepoints(identify).44.Thehistoricalinfluenceoftheexplorationineveryperiods(comment)sofar.45Landslidesandearthquakes(claim)morethan1.6millionlivesinthelasthundredyears.46.Heisalittleboy,buthe(behaviour)asifhewereanadult.47.We(debate)whethertolowertheageofclubmembershipto18now.(所给词的适当形式填空)48.Youeatherfood,enjoyherhospitalityandthen(criticism)herbehindherback.(所给词的适当形式填空)49.Listening,whichisanactivebehaviorofhumanbeings,(consist)ofhearing,understandingaswellasremembering.50.He(leave)forLondonintwohourstoattendanimportantmeeting.51.Theschoolsheislookingforwardto(be)theonewithahistoryof100years.(所给词的适当形式填空)52.SofarLiMei(compete)intheOlympicGamestwice.(所给词的适当形式填空)53.Yesterdaytheinvitationtotheparty(turn)downbyLindabecauseshehadanotherplan.54.Asyoudiversecultures,youmayfeeltransportedthroughtimeandspace.(expose)55.ThebookTheDreamoftheRedMansions______(recognize)asagreatworkofliterature.56.I(finish)myhomework,soIcangotothecinema.57.Thepolicedrewtheconclusionthatthedriverratherthanthecouples(be)responsibleforthetrafficaccident.58.Lindaboughtanewtelephoneyesterday,which(shape)likeacat.59.Thepathbeforeyou(lead)toaworldfullofchallenges:anewenvironment,newknowledge,andnewwaysofthinking.60.--Themoviestartsat8:30,sowecanhaveaquickbiteat7:20.--______(sound)great!Seeyoutomorrow.Ⅱ句型转换1.Thelittleboytookgoodcareofthisbookbecauseitwashisfavoriteone.(用被动语态改写)2.Lucylikesjogging,butshelikesplayingbasketballbetter.(同义句转换)Lucyplayingbasketball

jogging.3.Myparentsgotmarried15yearsago.(改为同义句)Myparentsmarriedfor15years.4.There’salwayssomethingexcitingtodo.(用定语从句改写句子)