广东省深圳市某中学2025届高三下学期第三次模拟测试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东省深圳市某中学2025届高三下学期第三次模拟测试英语试题第Ⅰ卷（本卷共计65分）第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASetBoundaries,FindPeaceByNedraGloverTawwabDescriptionTheinstantNewYorkTimesbestseller.Endthestruggle,speakupforwhatyouneed,andexperiencethefreedomofbeingtrulyyourself.Healthyboundaries.Weallknowweshouldhavetheminordertoachievework&lifebalance,dealwithnegativepeople,andenjoyrewardingrelationshipswithpartners,friends,andfamily.Butwhatdo“healthyboundaries”reallymean—andhowcanwesuccessfullyexpressourneeds,say“no,”andbedecisivewithoutoffendingothers?Licensedconsultant,sought-afterrelationshipexpert,andoneofthemostinfluentialtherapistsonInstagram,NedraGloverTawwabclarifiesthiscomplextopicfortoday’sworld.Inarelatableandinclusivetone,SetBoundaries,FindPeacepresentssimple-yet-powerfulwaystosethealthyboundariesinallaspectsoflife.Rootedinthelatestresearchandbestpracticesusedincognitive(认知的)behavioraltherapy(CBT),thesetechniqueshelpusidentifyandexpressourneedsclearlyandwithoutapology—anduncoverarootproblembehindcodependency,powerstruggles,anxiety,depression,burnout,andmore.Editorialreviews“SetBoundaries,FindPeaceisadown-to-earthguideonfullyrealizingyourpotentialandgivingyourselfthefreedomyoudeservebyclearlysettinghealthyboundariesinyourpersonalandprofessionallife,friendships,andrelationships.Eye-openingandthoroughlyengaging.”—MyleikTeele,CURLBOXfounder“Ifyouwantthemostcomprehensive,relevant,andrelatableguidetosettingboundaries,speakingyourneeds,andlivingamorepeacefullife,NedraTawwab’sbookonboundariesisforyou.”—SheleanaAiyana,founderofRisingWoman1.Whatdoesthebookfocuson?A.Solutionstoemotionalproblems. B.Examplesofunhealthylifestyles.C.Stepsofremovingnegativethoughts. D.Methodsofestablishinghealthyboundaries.2.WhatdoesMyleikTeelethinkofthebook?A.Poetic. B.Comprehensive. C.Practical. D.Humorous.3.Howmanyhardcovercopiesattheleastguaranteeafreedelivery?A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了《SetBoundaries,FindPeace》，这是一本关于如何设定健康界限、实现内心平静的实用指南。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Inarelatableandinclusivetone,SetBoundaries,FindPeacepresentssimple-yet-powerfulwaystosethealthyboundariesinallaspectsoflife.(在一个相关的和包容的基调，设定界限，找到和平提供了简单而有力的方法，在生活的各个方面设定健康的界限)”可知，这本书的重点是提供建立健康界限的方法。故选D。【2题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“SetBoundaries,FindPeaceisadown-to-earthguideonfullyrealizingyourpotentialandgivingyourselfthefreedomyoudeservebyclearlysettinghealthyboundariesinyourpersonalandprofessionallife,friendships,andrelationships.(《设定界限，找到平静》是一本脚踏实地的指南，通过在个人生活、职业生活、友谊和人际关系中明确设定健康的界限，让你充分发挥自己的潜力，给自己应得的自由)”可知，MyleikTeele认为这是一本脚踏实地的指南，即这本书很实用。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据图片上的信息显示，精装版的优惠后价格是19.42美元，亚马逊免费配的消费额度是35美元以上，因此，至少两本精装版的价格，即19.42*2=38.54美元，才能达到免费配送的标准。故选B。BWhenIteachyoga,Iusuallyannounce“Phonesoffandatthebackoftheroom”atthebeginningofclass.Recently,Iforgotandhadtowhispertoastudenttextingduringclasstoturnoffherphone.Shelookeddispleasedbutdidso.Buttwodayslater,inanotherclass,Imetwithresistancefromayoungwomanwhocompletelyrefused.“ButI’moncall.Imighthavetojumpupandrunoutofclass.”“Thenmaybethisisn’tthebestplaceforyoutobetonight.”Thatresponsegotmeanangryandunfriendlylook.Butwhenshecamebackthenextweek,therewasnophoneandshewasmuchmorepresent.PresentiswhatI’maskingmystudentstobe.Presenttothemselvesandtheiryogaexperience.Youcannotbepresenttoyogaifyouaretextingoremailingoranxiouslyawaitingacall.Andneithercananyonearoundyou.Definitely,ifonephoneisout,manypairsofeyesaredrawntoit.Andthenotherphonesstarttoappear.Forgetthefactthatyou’remissingtheclassyoupaidfor;you’reatriskoflosingyourbalanceandhurtingyourselforsomeoneelseduetoinattention,ordisturbingsomeoneelse’smomentofpeaceandstillnesswiththeclickingofyourkeys.Soplease,doyourselfandeveryonearoundyou,thisteacherincluded,afavorandturnyourphoneoffandputitawaybeforeyouunrollyouryogamat.Ifyoutrulyareoncall,thinkhardbeforeyoucometoclass.Bepresentforyourself,whereveryouneedtobe.4.Howdoestheauthorintroducehertopic?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bymakingcomparison.C.Bypresentingtheprocess. D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.5.Whywastheyoungwomanangrywiththeauthor?A.Shefelttheauthorwasrude. B.Shethoughtshewasreasonable.C.Shebelievedshewasdiscriminated. D.Shefoundtheyogaclasswasnotinteresting.6.Whichisaprobableresultofusingphonesinyogaclass?A.Relaxingyourself. B.Disturbingothers.C.Achievingwork-lifebalance. D.Gettingothers’admiration.7.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthistext?A.Toexplainherrelationshipwithstudents.B.Todescribethesituationofheryogaclass.C.Toshowheropinionaboutusingmobilephones.D.Tostresstheimportanceofbeingattentiveinyogaclass.【答案】4.A5.B6.B7.D【语篇导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要通过一位女性拒绝瑜伽课关闭手机的事情介绍话题present，强调了瑜伽课上专心的重要性，不受手机影响，抓住正在发生的当前。【4题详析】推理判断题。由文中第一段“WhenIteachyoga(瑜伽),Iusuallyannounce“Phonesoffandatthebackoftheroom”atthebeginningofclass.Recently,Iforgotandhadtowhispertoastudenttextingduringclasstoturnoffherphone…(当我教瑜伽时，我通常会在上课开始时宣布“在教室后部放下电话”。最近，我忘记了，不得不在上课时向学生发短信以关闭手机。她看上去很不高兴，但确实如此。但是两天后，在另一堂课上，我遭到了一位完全拒绝的年轻女子的抵制)”可知，作者开篇通过一件具体的事件来呈现话题，即举例子。故选A项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Buttwodayslater,inanotherclass,Imetwithresistancefromayoungwomanwhocompletelyrefused.(但两天后，在另一节课上，我遇到了一位年轻女士的抵制，她完全拒绝了)”以及第二段“ButI’moncall.Imighthavetojumpupandrunoutofclass.(我在打电话，而且我必须跳起来跑出教室了)”可知，作者强调在瑜伽课上关闭手机被这位女性拒绝，她回答自己在打电话。可推知这位女性认为自己的行为没有什么不对的，即她认为自己的做法是合理的。故选B项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Definitely,ifonephoneisout,manypairsofeyesaredrawntoit.Andthenotherphonesstarttoappear.Forgetthefactthatyou’remissingtheclassyoupaidfor;you’reatriskoflosingyourbalanceandhurtingyourselforsomeoneelseduetoinattention,ordisturbingsomeoneelse’smomentofpeaceandstillnesswiththeclickingofyourkeys.(当然，如果一部手机出现了，就会吸引很多双眼睛。然后其他手机开始出现。忘记你错过了你付了钱的课程；你有失去平衡的危险，因为不注意而伤害到自己或别人，或者用你的钥匙打扰了别人的平静和宁静)”可知，在瑜伽课上使用手机可能会打扰他人。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。文章开篇由一个具体的例子讲述瑜伽课不允许使用手机引出话题。第五段“PresentiswhatI’maskingmystudentstobe.Presenttothemselvesandtheiryogaexperience.(现在是我要我的学生做的。专注于他们自己和他们的瑜伽体验)”具体阐释了什么是present以及为什么要关闭手机。第六段“doyourselfandeveryonearoundyou,thisteacherincluded,afavorandturnyourphoneoffandputitawaybeforeyouunrollyouryogamat.(请您和您周围的所有人（包括这位老师在内）帮个忙，在您打开瑜伽垫之前，请关闭手机并放好)”推知，作者的目的是强调在瑜伽课上专心，不受手机的影响。故选D项。CIt’saclassiccomplaintinrelationships,especiallyromanticones:“Shesaidshewasokaywithmeforgettingherbirthday!Thenwhyisshethrowingdishesinthekitchen?Arethetwothingsrelated?”TheanswerisYES.Communicationismorethanwords.It’showthosewordsaresaid,thetone,theorder,eventhechoiceofaparticularword.It’smulti-dimensional,asexploredbyDeirdreWilsonandDanSperberinMeaningandRelevance.Considerthefollowingexample:PetergotangryandMaryleft;MaryleftandPetergotangry.Thoughidenticalinwords,theirmeaningsdiffercompletely.Thefirstonemayhaveusthinking:Wow,PetermustgetangryoftenifMaryleaves.ThesecondsentencesuggeststhatPeterwantsmorefromMary.Samewords—atotallydifferentcontext.Humanlanguageisnotacode(编码).Truecodeshaveaone-to-onerelationshipwithmeaning.Onesound,onedefinition.Thisiswhatweseewithanimals.WilsonandSperberexplainthat“codedcommunicationworksbestwhenemitter(发出者)andreceivershareexactlythesamecode.”Notsoforhumans.Wecommunicatemorethanthedefinitionsofourwordswouldsuggest.Thisisinferentialcommunication,anditmeansthatweunderstandnotonlythewordsspoken,butthecontextinwhichtheyarespoken..Irony(反语)isagreatexampleofhowpowerfullywecancommunicatecontextwithafewsimplewords.Itismorethanjuststatingtheopposite.Forexample,whenMarysays,afteraboringparty,“Thatwasfun”,sheisneithersayingliterallythatthepartywasfunnorsaying“ironically”thatthepartywasboring.Rather,sheisexpressinganemotion.Threewordsreplaceparagraphs,showcasinglanguage’sefficiency.WilsonandSperberconcludedthathumanlanguagedevelopedandbecamesopowerfulbecauseoftwouniqueabilitiesofhumans:languageandthepowertotrytointerpretmentalstatesofothers.Welookforcontextforthewordswehear.Andweshouldbeverygoodatabsorbingthiscontexttoinfermeaning.8.WhatdoesthecomplaintinParagraph1mainlyindicate?A.Theinconsistencebetweenwordsandmeaning. B.Theimportanceofrememberingvitalmoments.C.Thenecessityofstraightforwardcommunication. D.Theunavoidabilityofargumentinacouple'slife.9.Whatmaymakehumanlanguagedifferentfromtruecodes?A.Thecontextincludedinunderstandingmeanings.B.Thedefinitionsmadebywordsincommunication.C.Thecodedcommunicationbetweenemitterandreceiver.D.Theone-to-onerelationshipbetweenwordandmeaning.10.HowdoesMary’sstatement“Thatwasfun”illustrateaboutirony?A.Itsimplifieslanguagetosavetime. B.Itcoversthetruefeelingsofpeople.C.Itneedswordyexplanationstomakesense. D.Itusesfewerwordsforcomplexmeanings.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestincommunication?A.Focusingontheopposite. B.Takinglanguageliterally.C.Readingbeyondthewords. D.Avoidingusingironictones.【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.C【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人类语言交流特点及反语在交流中的作用。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Shesaidshewasokaywithmeforgettingherbirthday!Thenwhyisshethrowingdishesinthekitchen?Arethetwothingsrelated?(她说她不介意我忘记她的生日！那她为什么在厨房里摔盘子呢？这两件事有关系吗？)”以及第二段“Communicationismorethanwords.It’showthosewordsaresaid,thetone,theorder,eventhechoiceofaparticularword.(交流不仅仅是言语。还包括这些话是怎么说的，语气，顺序，甚至是某个特定单词的选择)”可推知，第一段的抱怨主要表明了言语和意思之间的不一致。故选A。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Humanlanguageisnotacode(编码).Truecodeshaveaone-to-onerelationshipwithmeaning.Onesound,onedefinition.Thisiswhatweseewithanimals.WilsonandSperberexplainthat“codedcommunicationworksbestwhenemitter(发出者)andreceivershareexactlythesamecode.”Notsoforhumans.Wecommunicatemorethanthedefinitionsofourwordswouldsuggest.Thisisinferentialcommunication,anditmeansthatweunderstandnotonlythewordsspoken,butthecontextinwhichtheyarespoken.(人类语言不是一种编码。真正的编码与意义有着一一对应的关系。一种声音，一种定义。这就是我们在动物身上看到的情况。威尔逊和斯珀伯解释说：“当发出者和接收者拥有完全相同的编码时，编码交流效果最佳。”人类则不是这样。我们交流的内容比我们所说的单词的定义要多。这是一种推理交流，这意味着我们不仅理解所说的单词，而且理解它们所使用的语境)”可知，理解意义时所包含的语境使人类语言不同于真正的编码。故选A。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Irony(反语)isagreatexampleofhowpowerfullywecancommunicatecontextwithafewsimplewords.Itismorethanjuststatingtheopposite.Forexample,whenMarysays,afteraboringparty,“Thatwasfun”,sheisneithersayingliterallythatthepartywasfunnorsaying“ironically”thatthepartywasboring.Rather,sheisexpressinganemotion.Threewordsreplaceparagraphs,showcasinglanguage’sefficiency.(反语是一个很好的例子，说明我们如何用几个简单的词来有力地传达语境。它不仅仅是陈述相反的意思。例如，当玛丽在一个无聊的聚会后说“那很有趣”时，她既不是说聚会真的很有趣，也不是“讽刺地”说聚会很无聊。相反，她在表达一种情感。三个字代替了段落，展示了语言的效率)”可知，玛丽的陈述“那很有趣”用更少的词表达了复杂的意思，从而说明了反语的特点。故选D。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“WilsonandSperberconcludedthathumanlanguagedevelopedandbecamesopowerfulbecauseoftwouniqueabilitiesofhumans:languageandthepowertotrytointerpretmentalstatesofothers.Welookforcontextforthewordswehear.Andweshouldbeverygoodatabsorbingthiscontexttoinfermeaning.(威尔逊和斯珀伯得出结论，人类语言之所以发展并变得如此强大，是因为人类有两种独特的能力：语言能力和试图解读他人心理状态的能力。我们为听到的单词寻找语境。我们应该非常善于吸收这种语境来推断意义)”可推知，作者认为在交流中应该理解话语背后的意思，也就是不仅仅局限于字面意思。故选C。DImaginewakinguponemorningtofindyoursmartphonemissing.Youcannolongergetguidedtowork,orderyourcoffee,orconnectwithfriends.Formostofus,itisanightmare（噩梦）.Butitshouldnotbeexactlyfar-fetched.Despitebeingmoredigitallyconnectedthanever,wearelonelierandmoreanxious.Anxietyratesincreasedby25%globally.Depressionnowaffectsover280millionpeopleworldwide.Allofthisisduetoourgrowingdependenceonsocialmediaandsmarttechnologiesdesignedtoofferquickreliefbutoftenattheexpenseofdeep,meaningfulengagement,whichmayfurthercauseourlossofsomethingeasytobeignored.Whiletheseconveniencesoffershort-termrelief,theymayweakenourthinkingskills.Forexample,GPShasundeniablytransformedhowwetravel.Buta2020studyfoundthatfrequentGPSusersstrugglemorewithself-guidednavigation.Overtime,thosewhodependedmoreonGPSshowedasharpdeclineinspacialmemoryandproblem-solvingskills.However,reducingdependenceontheseconveniencescanleadtodiscomfort.Inseekingcomforttoday,wemightbetradingawaysomediscomfort.Thatistheproblem:theverydiscomfortweavoidisoftenwhatstrengthensus.Viewingstress,akindofdiscomfort,asachallengeratherthanathreatleadstobetteroutcomes.Researchshowsthatmildstresscanenhanceadaptability.Neuroscience（神经科学）revealsthatneuroplasticity—thebrain'sabilitytoformnewconnections—isenhancedthroughchallengingexperiences.Thisadaptabilityiscrucialfordevelopingresilience,（抗逆力）,aprocessfueledbybothmentalchallengesandactiveeffort.Butthisdoesn'tmeanweshouldrejectcomfortentirely;it'stobalanceitwithintentionaldiscomfort.Thinkofitas“microdosinghardship”—aseriesofsmall,manageabledifficultiesthatkeepourmentalandemotionalmusclesstrong,suchaswritingwithapen,orwashingdishesbyhand.Thesesmallactsareenoughtoreawakentheresiliencewe'veburiedunderlayersofease.So,thenexttimeyoufeelthepullofease,pause.Askyourself:Isthismomentarycomforthelpingmegroworisitkeepingmestuck?Choosingdiscomfortisn'teasy,butsometimes,it'sworthit.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“far-fetched”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Possibletochange. B.Certaintofunction.C.Unlikelytobesettled. D.Unabletobeaccepted.13.Whatmaydigitalconveniencescauseaccordingtothetext?A.Thefastbutworthlessrelief. B.Themeaningfulengagement.C.Thelossofthinkingcapacity. D.Thelackofnecessarycomfort.14.Whichisareal-lifeapplicationof“microdosinghardship”?A.Takingthestairsinsteadofthelift. B.Orderingtake-outfoodafterwork.C.ExploringanewcitybyusingGPS. D.Writinganemailusingvoice-to-text.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.GPS:theinvisiblecostofconvenience B.Stress:themaincauseofbraindamageC.Discomfort:ahiddensourceofresilience D.Smartphones:barrierstohumanprogress【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了现代社会中人们对数字技术的过度依赖及其带来的负面影响，强调了适度不适的重要性，并提出了通过“微量困难”（microdosinghardship）来增强个人适应力和韧性。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Imaginewakinguponemorningtofindyoursmartphonemissing.Youcannolongergetguidedtowork,orderyourcoffee,orconnectwithfriends.Formostofus,itisanightmare（噩梦）.Butitshouldnotbeexactlyfar-fetched.(想象一下，有一天早上醒来，发现你的智能手机不见了。你再也不能用它导航去上班，点咖啡，或者和朋友联系了。对我们大多数人来说，这是一场噩梦。但这并不_____)”可知，这里的语境是假设智能手机突然消失的情景虽然令人不安，但它不应该是不能被接受的。故选D。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Allofthisisduetoourgrowingdependenceonsocialmediaandsmarttechnologiesdesignedtoofferquickreliefbutoftenattheexpenseofdeep,meaningfulengagement,whichmayfurthercauseourlossofsomethingeasytobeignored.Whiletheseconveniencesoffershort-termrelief,theymayweakenourthinkingskills.(这一切都是因为我们越来越依赖社交媒体和智能技术，这些技术旨在提供快速的解脱，但往往以牺牲深刻而有意义的参与为代价，这可能会进一步导致我们失去一些容易被忽视的东西。虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)”可知，数字便利可能导致思考能力的下降。故选C。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thinkofitas“microdosinghardship”—aseriesofsmall,manageabledifficultiesthatkeepourmentalandemotionalmusclesstrong,suchaswritingwithapen,orwashingdishesbyhand.(把它想象成“微量困难”——一系列小的、可以管理的困难，这些困难能让我们的心理和情绪肌肉保持强壮，比如用笔写字，或者用手洗碗)”可知，采取“微量困难”的实际行动是做一些小的、可以管理的困难的事情，A选项“爬楼梯而不是乘电梯”符合“微量困难”的含义。故选A。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Despitebeingmoredigitallyconnectedthanever,wearelonelierandmoreanxious.(尽管我们比以往任何时候都更加数字化地联系在一起，但我们却更加孤独和焦虑)”、第三段中“Whiletheseconveniencesoffershort-termrelief,theymayweakenourthinkingskills.(虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)”以及第四段中“Thatistheproblem:theverydiscomfortweavoidisoftenwhatstrengthensus.(这就是问题所在：我们避免的不适往往正是让我们变得坚强的东西)”可知，文章主要讲述了现代生活中人们过于依赖智能手机和各种智能技术，造成了一些不良后果，如焦虑、抑郁、思维能力下降等。作者认为，我们应该适当减少对这些便利的依赖，通过面对一些“微小的不便”来增强自己的抗逆力，C选项“不适感：韧性的隐藏来源”最符合文章主旨。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sedimentayrock(沉积岩)isatypeofrockthatcoversaboutthreefourthsofEarth’slandsurface.____16____Theselayerscanbeseenclearlyinsteeprockwalls.Therearemanydifferentkindsofsedimentaryrock.____17____Somesedimentaryrocksformaswindandwaterleavebehindsmallbitsofrockandsand.Othersformfromchemicalsorfromtheremainsoflivingthings.Themostcommonkindsofsedimentaryrockconsistofdepositsleftbehindbywater.Thewaterwearsawayrocksandcarriesawaysandandsmallbitsofrock.Thesemineralsaredepositedinmanyplaces.Overtime,thedepositsbuildupintolayers.____18____Theweightofthelayerspressesthebitsofrocktogether.Waterseepsthroughthelayers,leavingmineralsthatcementthebitstogethertoformrock.Someoftherocksformedbywindandglaciersareloessandtillite.____19____Thisyellowrockcoverslargeregionsoftheworld.Arockmadeupoflargebitsofrockthathavecombinedtogetheriscalledtillite.____20____Chalkandcoalaretwokindsofrockthatforminthisway.Chalkformsfromanimalskeletonsandshellsthatgatheronthefloorofthesea.Coalisformedfromtheremainsofplants.Overtime,thelayersofdeadmatterbecomesolidchalkandcoal.Allsedimentaryrocktakesthousandsofyearstoform.A.Buttheyhavedifferentfeatures.B.Eachkindformsinadifferentway.C.Chalkandcoalcomefromthesamesubstances.D.Sedimentaryrockcanevenformfromtheremainsoflivingthings.E.Itisformedwhenmineralsandothermatteraredepositedinlayers.F.Weakrockformedfromthedustblownbythewindiscalledloess.G.Overthousandsofyears,oldlayersofmatterarecoveredbynewlayers.【答案】16.E17.B18.G19.F20.D【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沉积岩的形成和特点。【16题详析】根据上文“Sedimentayrock(沉积岩)isatypeofrockthatcoversaboutthreefourthsofEarth’slandsurface.(沉积岩是一种覆盖地球陆地表面约四分之三的岩石。)”和下文“Theselayerscanbeseenclearlyinsteeprockwalls.(在陡峭的岩壁上可以清楚地看到这些层。)”可知，空处是在说明沉积岩是怎么形成的，且提到了“层”。选项E“它是由矿物质和其他物质分层沉积形成的”符合语境，且选项中的“layers”呼应了下文的“Theselayers”。故选E。【17题详析】根据上文“Therearemanydifferentkindsofsedimentaryrock.(有许多不同种类的沉积岩。)”和下文“Somesedimentaryrocksformaswindandwaterleavebehindsmallbitsofrockandsand.Othersformfromchemicalsorfromtheremainsoflivingthings.(一些沉积岩是由风和水留下的小块岩石和沙子形成的。其他的则由化学物质或生物遗骸形成。)”可知，空处承上启下，说明不同种类的沉积岩的形成方式不同。选项B“每种的形成方式都不同”符合语境。故选B。【18题详析】根据上文“Overtime,thedepositsbuildupintolayers.(随着时间的推移，沉积物堆积成层。)”和下文“Theweightofthelayerspressesthebitsofrocktogether.Waterseepsthroughthelayers,leavingmineralsthatcementthebitstogethertoformrock.(层的重量把岩石碎片压在一起。水渗透过这些层，留下矿物质，将这些碎片粘合在一起形成岩石。)”可知，空处是在说明沉积岩层是如何随着时间的推移而形成的。选项G“在数千年的时间里，旧的物质层被新的物质层覆盖”符合语境。故选G。【19题详析】根据上文“Someoftherocksformedbywindandglaciersareloessandtillite.(一些由风和冰川形成的岩石是黄土和冰碛岩。)”和下文“Thisyellowrockcoverslargeregionsoftheworld.(这种黄色的岩石覆盖了世界的大片地区。)”可知，空处是在介绍黄土这种由风形成的岩石。选项F“由风吹起的灰尘形成的软弱岩石叫做黄土”符合语境。故选F。【20题详析】根据下文“Chalkandcoalaretwokindsofrockthatforminthisway.Chalkformsfromanimalskeletonsandshellsthatgatheronthefloorofthesea.Coalisformedfromtheremainsofplants.(粉笔和煤是这样形成的两种岩石。粉笔是由聚集在海底的动物骨骼和贝壳形成的。煤是由植物的遗骸形成的。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是沉积岩可以由生物的遗骸形成。选项D“沉积岩甚至可以由生物的遗骸形成”符合语境，且选项中的“theremainsoflivingthings”呼应了下文的“animalskeletonsandshells”和“theremainsofplants”。故选D。第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwhisperedtomyself,“Afive-dayartcampatWhiteCliffthissummer.”WhiteCliffwasreally____21____foranenthusiasticpainterlikeme.Butatthe____22____ofgoingtherealone,Ihadbutterfliesinmystomach.Later,IdialedmyonlyfriendEmily’snumber,onlytodiscoverthatshewouldbeotherwise____23____.Isighedanddroppedmyhead.Ihadreallyhadahardtimejumpingintosomethingwithout____24____facesaround.____25____,IwentoutsidetodrawtheWestons’toweringpinetree.Sittingonthestairs,Ithoughtabouttheartcampandwishedtofeelalittle____26____.ButbythetimeIstartedsketching,Ihadconvincedmyselfthat____27____thecampwasmycontentdecision.Icarefully____28____thepine’sstrongtrunk,straightandsolid,andaddedthegracefulbranches.Oncelostinmysketching,I____29____noticedtheflybuzzingaroundme.Hence,IjumpedwhenMr.Westonsuddenlyremarked,“You’vecapturedtheessenceofthetree’s____30____beautifullyonpaper.”“Thanks.”Ismiled,glancingup.“Ifyouspreadouttherootsnearthesurface,thetreecould____31____sufficientwaterandsoarevenhigher.”Inoticedtheknobbybumps(疙瘩状突起)ofroots____32____outofthegroundallaroundthetree.I’dneverrealizedhow____33____atree’srootsstretchedoutward.ItstruckmethatifIwantedtogrow,Ihadtostart____34____too.Thatevening,Ifilledouttheartcampapplication,readytostretchmy____35____outintonewearth.IthoughtIamthepine.21.A.unbelievable B.irresistible C.uncontrollable D.irreplaceable22.A.sight B.thought C.request D.core23.A.rejected B.attracted C.occupied D.addicted24.A.familiar B.gentle C.confident D.beautiful25.A.Delighted B.Relieved C.Shocked D.Frustrated26.A.cleverer B.luckier C.happier D.braver27.A.skipping B.attending C.reserving D.delaying28.A.wrote B.watched C.drew D.cut29.A.desperately B.narrowly C.barely D.suddenly30.A.magic B.function C.mystery D.strength31.A.supply B.fetch C.absorb D.contain32.A.sticking B.hiding C.digging D.lifting33.A.well B.far C.deep D.long34.A.reachingout B.growingup C.wisingup D.turningout35.A.life B.roots C.camp D.interests【答案】21.B22.B23.C24.A25.D26.D27.A28.C29.C30.D31.C32.A33.B34.A35.B【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者夏天去WhiteCliff参加为期五天的艺术夏令营，但是因为没有熟人，作者一开始感到不安，想不去。后来在绘画过程中感受到了树木延伸自己的根来成长，于是决定参加夏令营，来延伸自己的“根”。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我这样一个热情的画家来说，WhiteCliff真是难以抗拒。A.unbelievable难以置信的；B.irresistible难以抗拒的；C.uncontrollable无法控制的；D.irreplaceable不可替代的。根据后文“foranenthusiasticpainterlikeme”推测WhiteCliff的景色让画家难以抗拒。故选B。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是一想到要一个人去那里，我心里就七上八下。A.sight视力；B.thought认为；C.request要求；D.core核心。根据后文“ofgoingtherealone,Ihadbutterfliesinmystomach”指独自去夏令营的想法让作者不安，故选B。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后来，我拨通了我唯一的朋友艾米丽的电话，却发现她正在忙别的事情。A.rejected被拒绝的；B.attracted被吸引的；C.occupied忙碌的；D.addicted沉迷的。根据上文“Later,IdialedmyonlyfriendEmily’snumber,onlytodiscoverthatshewouldbeotherwise”中onlytodosth.表示“意外发现”以及后文“Isighedanddroppedmyhead.(我叹了口气，低下了头)”，推测作者的朋友在忙，没空理会作者，故选C。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在没有熟悉面孔的情况下，我真的很难跳进去。A.familiar熟悉的；B.gentle温和的；C.confident自信的；D.beautiful美丽的。根据上文“goingtherealone”可知，作者要独自去，没有熟悉的人在夏令营。故选A。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我沮丧地走到外面去画韦斯顿家那棵高耸的松树。A.Delighted高兴的；B.Relieved安慰的；C.Shocked震惊的；D.Frustrated沮丧的。根据上文“Ihadreallyhadahardtime”以及作者要去的夏令营没有熟人在，作者感到沮丧，故选D。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坐在楼梯上，我想起了艺术营，希望自己能勇敢一点。A.cleverer更聪明的；B.luckier更幸运的；C.happier更快乐的；D.braver更勇敢的。根据后文“Ihadconvincedmyself”作者开始说服自己，推测在劝自己勇敢一点，故选D。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我开始画草图的时候，我已经说服自己，不参加夏令营是我满意的决定。A.skipping略过，跳跃；B.attending参加；C.reserving预约；D.delaying推迟。上文“Ihadreallyhadahardtimejumpingintosomethingwithout”提到作者没有熟人在的情况下，感到不安，结合后文“Thatevening,Ifilledouttheartcampapplication”作者终于决定参加，可知一开始决定不参加，故选A。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我细心地画出了松树粗壮的树干，挺拔而坚实，加上了婀娜多姿的枝干。A.wrote写；B.watched观看；C.drew绘画；D.cut切割。呼应上文“IwentoutsidetodrawtheWestons’toweringpinetree.”指作者细心地画出了松树粗壮的树干，故选C。【29题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一旦我沉浸在我的素描中，我几乎没有注意到苍蝇在我周围嗡嗡叫。A.desperately绝望地；B.narrowly勉强地；C.barely勉强才能，几乎不；D.suddenly突然。根据上文“Oncelostinmysketching”可知，作者专注绘画，几乎没有注意到苍蝇。故选C。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，当韦斯顿先生突然说：“你在纸上完美地捕捉到了这棵树力量的本质。”我吓了一跳。A.magic魔法；B.function功能；C.mystery奥秘；D.strength力量。根据后文“soarevenhigher”以及“Inoticedtheknobbybumpsofroots”提到树能吸收足够的水分，长得更高，以及树根突出了地面，都体现了树的力量。故选D。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果你把树根伸到接近地表的地方，树就能吸收足够的水分，长得更高。”A.supply供应；B.fetch取来；C.absorb吸收；D.contain包含。根据上文“spreadouttherootsnearthesurface,thetreecould”以及后文“sufficientwater”可知，树根伸到接近地表的地方，是为了吸收足够的水分来长大。故选C。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我注意到树周围到处都是突出地面的树根疙瘩。A.sticking伸出，坚持；B.hiding隐藏；C.digging挖掘；D.lifting举起。根据后文“outofthegroundallaroundthetree”指树根突出了地面，应用stickoutof。故选A。【33题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有意识到一棵树的根能延伸这么远。A.well好地；B.far远地；C.deep深地；D.long长久地。根据上文“Ifyouspreadouttherootsnearthesurface”以及“atree’srootsstretchedoutward”可知，此处指树根延伸很远。故选B。【34题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我突然意识到，如果我想成长，我也必须开始向外拓展。A.reachingout扩展，伸出；B.growingup长大；C.wisingup变得知情；D.turningout结果是。根据上文“Ifyouspreadouttherootsnearthesurface”以及“atree’srootsstretchedoutward”可知，和树一样，要长得更大，就需要向外延伸自己。故选A。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，我填了艺术营的申请表，准备把我的根伸到新的土地上。A.life生活；B.roots根；C.camp营地；D.interests兴趣。呼应上文“atree’srootsstretchedoutward”指作者把申请艺术营比喻成把自己树根延伸到新的土地上，故选B。第Ⅱ卷（本卷共计55分）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。London’sfoodscenehaswitnessedaninrushnotonlyoftraditionalCantonese(广东的)restaurantsbutalsoadiverserangeofregionalChinesecuisines.Fordecades,London’sChinatownhasbeencloselyassociatedwithclassicdishes___36___(root)inGuangdongprovince,whileLondon’sChinesefoodhasexpandedfarbeyondthat,reflectingamuch___37___(broad)culturalshift.WhileCantonese-centricofferingshavelaidthefoundationoffamiliaritywithChineseculinary(烹饪的)culture,theincreasingvarietymakesit___38___bigchallengeforrestaurantstomeetlocalBritishtastes.Toadapttothetrend,theymanagetointroducenewdishesandenhanceexistingones___39___(continuous)forbetteringthemenu.Additionally,largerculinaryschoolscommittoteachingauthentic(地道的)Chinesecooking,___40___(strengthen)greaterappreciationandmast