Unit 5 精讲精练（原卷版）

必修第3册Unit5Whatanadventure!目标导航目标导航重点词汇1．thusadv.2．zonen．3．oxygenn．4．bordern．5．confirmv．6．attemptn．7．portn．8．alcoholn．9．rubbern．10．guidelinen．11．clothn．12．liquidn．13．servantn．14．chargen．15．captainn．16．aheadadv.17．chaptern．18．nutn．19．distinguishv．20．shoren．21．carpetn．22．broadadj.23．beneathprep.24．residentn．25．malen．26．sheeradj.27．psychologistn．28．bandagen．29．cottonn．30．stretchv．31．leaguen．32．helmetn．33．rayn．34．intensityn．词汇拓展1．initialadj.开始的，最初的→adv.最初2．crowdn．人群→adj.拥挤的3．failuren．失败→v．失败4．thrilln．惊险，刺激v．使兴奋→adj.非常兴奋的→adj.令人激动的5．unawareadj.未觉察到的，未意识到的→adj.意识到的；明白的6．wooln．羊毛，毛织物→adj.羊毛的7．bleedingn．流血，失血→v．流血→n．血8．injuryn．损伤；伤害→vt.伤害→adj.受伤的9．permitv．允许，准许，许可→n．允许，许可10．fascinatedadj.被迷住的，被吸引住的→v．深深吸引；迷住11．relatev．相联系，有关联；讲述→adj.有关的12．astonishv．使吃惊，使惊讶→adj.惊讶的→adj.令人惊讶的→n．吃惊，惊讶13．consumev．消耗→n．消费；消耗14．graduallyadv.逐渐地，逐步地→adj.逐渐的15．surroundv．环绕，围绕→adj.周围的16．wrinkledadj.有皱褶的→n．皱纹v．皱起17．depthn．深，深度→adj.深的adv.在深处，至深处重点词组1．使……成为焦点2．寻找3．到……末为止4．集中注意力于……5．弄明白；计算6．导致7．把……称作……8．冒险9．由……决定10．和……一起11．主管；掌管12．回顾13．在大白天重点句型VascodaGama(1460－1524)wasaPortugueseexplorerandbysea.瓦斯科·达·伽马(1460－1524)是一名葡萄牙探险家，也是第一个从海上到达印度的欧洲人。2．，coveritwithabandage.一旦伤口被清理干净且变干，用绷带包上。3．CaptainNemowalkedinfront，.尼摩船长走在前面，他的一个手下在后面几步处跟着。4．thecalmsurfaceofthesea.在我上面是平静的海面。知识精讲知识精讲1thusadv.因此，从而(教材P49)ChristopherColumbus(1451－1506)wasanItalianexplorerwhocompletedjourneysbetweenSpainandtheAmericas，thusmarkingthebeginningofEuropeanexplorationoftheAmericas.克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451－1506)是一位意大利探险家，他完成了西班牙和美洲之间的旅程，从而标志着欧洲探索美洲的开始。Theuniversitieshaveexpanded，allowingmanymorepeoplethechanceofhighereducation.大学扩招了，这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育。Wedonotownthebuilding.，itwouldbeimpossibleforustomakeanymajorchangestoit.我们不是这栋楼房的房主，因此不能对它进行大改动。[知识拓展]thereforeadv. soconj. asaresult 2confirmv．证实，证明(教材P50)ThefirstpeopleconfirmedtohavereachedthetopwereEdmundHillaryandTenzingNorgayin1953.第一批被证实登上顶峰的人是1953年的埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·诺盖。Thenewsofholidaywaslaterbyourheadteacher.放假的消息，后来从班主任那里得到了证实。Hisguiltyexpressionmydoubt.他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。[知识拓展]confirmationn． confirmedadj. confirmtohavedonesth. 3(be)similarto与……相似(教材P51)In2011，wordssimilartothoseofMallorywerespokenbyAmericanmountainclimberAlanArnette，whoclimbedQomolangmainthatyearandwasgoingtoclimbotherhighmountainsaroundtheworld.2011年，美国登山者艾伦·阿内特说出了于马洛所言类似的话。艾伦当年攀登了珠穆朗玛峰，并打算登上世界各地其他的高山。Thiswaitingforabusthatneverturnsup.这就跟等一辆永远也不来的公交车差不多。Shehasadictionarymine.她有一本和我的类似的词典。[知识拓展]besimilarin similarlyadv. similarityn. 4ofocus使……成为焦点(教材P51)Itbringsintofocuswhat'simportanttoyou.登山会让你把注意力集中在对你来说重要的事情上。Thiswillbroadenyourhorizonsandnewideasandopportunitiesintofocus.这会开阔你的视野，为你关注的事物带来新的想法与机会。Recently，theissueofhealthhasbeen.最近健康问题成为人们关注的焦点。[知识拓展]focusn． v. focussth.on focusone'sattention/mind/energyon 5figureout弄明白(教材P51)Itforcesyoutolookdeepinsideyourselfandfigureoutifyoureallyhavethephysical，aswellasmental，toughnesstopushwhenyouwanttostop.它会迫使你深入观察自己的内心，弄清楚自己的身体和心理是否真的坚韧不拔，在你想要停下的时候推动你继续向前。Ican'twhatheistalkingabout.我真搞不懂他在讲什么。Noonecouldwherethegascamefrominhismagic.没人能搞懂他魔术中的气体来自哪里。[知识拓展]figuren． v. keepone'sfigure figureon figurethat 6attemptvt.企图，尝试n.努力，尝试(教材P51)WiththemajorityofattemptstoclimbQomolangmaresultingeitherintotalsuccessorfailure，istherealsoascientificreasonbehindthisrisk­taking?大部分攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试都以大获全胜或彻底失败结束，那么，在这样的冒险背后是否也存在什么科学的原因呢？Inanattractmorecustomers，theytookavarietyofmeasures.为了吸引更多顾客，他们采取了各种措施。Theboysmadeantoleaveforcampingbutwerestoppedbytheirparents.男孩们想去野营，但被他们的父母拦住了。[知识拓展]attemptatdoingsth./todosth. makeanattemptatdoing/todosth. atone's/thefirstattempt 7(教材P51)Hereferstothepersonalitiesofthesepeopleas“TypeT”，withthe“T”standingfor“thrill”．他称这些人的人格为“T型”，“T”代表“thrill(刺激)”。(1)referto...as把……称之为WewhatarespeakingHan.我们把我们正在说的称为“汉语”。Peoplewhoworkinofficesareusually“whitecollarworkers”．那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”。[知识拓展]refertosb. refertosth. (2)standfor代表；主张It'swellknownthattheolivebranchpeace.众所周知，橄榄枝代表和平。WeChinesepeaceandwishtosettlealldisputesbypeacefulmeans.我们中国人民是主张和平的，希望用和平方式解决争端。[知识拓展]standby standout standup can'tstandsth./doingsth. 8Itis＋过去分词＋从句(教材P51)ItisstillnotknownifhesucceededinreachingthetopofQomolangmabeforeittookhislife.目前尚不清楚他是否在遇难前成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。句式分析：本句的结构分析如下：we'llgoforanautumnouting.我们是否要去秋游还没定下来。wearewronginthematter.在这件事上我们是否错了还有待观察。[知识拓展](1)if引导的主语从句不能位于句首，只能位于句末，前面需用it作形式主语。if在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。(2)whether引导主语从句时，可以置于句首，也可放于句末。whether在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。9either...or...要么……要么……(教材P51)WiththemajorityofattemptstoclimbQomolangmaresultingeitherintotalsuccessorfailure，istherealsoascientificreasonbehindthisrisk­taking?大部分攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试都以大获全胜或彻底失败结束，那么，在这样的冒险背后是否也存在什么科学的原因呢？句式分析：本句中either...or...是连接词，意为“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”。在这里连接两个宾语。I'mgoingtomajormathsbiologyinuniversity，asbotharemyfavoritesubjects.在大学里我打算要么学数学，要么学生物，因为这两个都是我最喜欢的科目。Yougostay.Don'tjustwanderheredoingnothing.你要么走，要么留。不要在这儿走来走去无所事事。[知识拓展]either...or...主要用于表示选择，其意为“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语；连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。其否定式可以是noteither...or...，也可以是neither...nor...。语法精讲语法精讲过去将来时[观察例句]1．IknewJuliewouldmakedinner.2．IknewJohnwouldfinishtheworkby5：00p．m.3．WasJackgoingtowritealettertoTom?4．Wouldmysisterbuyahouseinthatcityandsettledown?[归纳用法]一、过去将来时的构成肯定句主语＋would＋动词原形＋其他否定句主语＋wouldnot＋动词原形＋其他疑问句Would＋主语＋动词原形＋其他被动句would＋be＋动词的过去分词(done)二、过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。Ithoughthewouldn'tattendtheeveningparty，buttomysurprise，hecame.我原以为他不会参加这个晚会，但是令我惊讶的是，他来了。ItoldherIshould/wouldreturnthebookinafewdays.我告诉过她，我将在几天后还书。三、过去将来时的表示方法1．“would/should＋动词原形”，would用于所有人称，should只用于第一人称。Shetoldusthatshewouldnotgowithus，ifitrained.她告诉我们，如果下雨的话她就不和我们一起去了。ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天给他打电话问我下周做什么。2．“was/weregoingtodo”表示过去打算/计划做某事或客观迹象表明要发生的事。IwasgoingtoseeMr.Brownthenextday，buttheappointmentwascancelled.我本打算第二天去看布朗先生的，但预约被取消了。Ithoughtitwasgoingtorainbecausetheskywasverydark.我想是要下雨了，因为天色很暗。3．“was/wereabouttodo”表示过去正要/即将做某事，一般不与时间状语连用。WhenIgottheretheywereabouttoleave.我到那儿的时候他们正要离开。4．“was/weretodo”表示过去计划或安排将要做某事。Hesaidhewastofinishtheworkinaweek.他说他打算一星期后完成这项工作。Shesaidshewastotakeuptheposition.她说她要承担这个职务。5．“was/were＋doing”表示过去将来时时，仅限于go，come，leave，start，takeoff等趋向性(短语)动词。Ididn'tknowtheywerecoming.我并不知道他们要来。DavidwasleavingforShanghaiinafewdays.戴维几天以后要去上海。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe(leave)officesoon.2．—Hepromisedhe(attend)themeetingontime.Iamatalosswhathappened.—Itdoesn'tmatter.Wearestartingwithouthim.3．Justanhouragohetoldmeonthephonethathe(come)homerightafterhiswork.4．Shesaidthebus(leave)atfivethenextmorning.5．Thebusdrivertoldeverybodytogetreadybecausethebus(start)．6．Hepromisedthathe(buy)somegiftsforuswhenhegotthere.7．Iwasn'tsurewhetherLucy(come)thenextday，soIwroteheraletter.8．By2017,Iwasalready180cmtall,andIwonderedifI(grow)taller.9．Mrs.Smith(go)forworkwhenthetelephonerang.10．Shehurriedtotheentranceatwhichthecar(arrive),andlookedforwardtoseeingherhusband.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Aftergraduationfromcollege，Istartedtosell.Ithoughtit1.(be)adepressingperiodoftimebecauseIdiscoveredthattheworriedexpressionI2.(wear)sincechildhoodmeantsurefailure.Iknewit3.(become)difficulttorelievethedepressionleftbysomanyyearsofhardship.Itcalledforacompletechangeinmyviewonlife.HereisthemethodItried.Eachmorningduringafifteen­minutebath，Ideterminedtocultivateabig，happysmileandmakemyself4.(relax)．Ifoundout，however，thatitcouldn'tbeaforcedsmiledevelopedjustforthepurposeofputtingdollarsinmypocket.Ithadtobeanhonest­to­goodnesssmilefromdowndeepinside，anoutwardexpressionofhappinessfromwithin！Iwasdefinitelysurethatit5.(work)．Let'sseethestartingoffwithagoodfifteen­minutetrainingofthesmilemuscleshelpedmeduringtheday.BeforeenteringanofficeI6.(think)ofmanythingsIhadtobethankfulfor，workupacharmingsmileandthenentered.Seldomdiditfailtogetthesamesmile7.returnfromthepersonImet.IalsofoundthatitpleasedpeoplewhenIpassedthemonthestreettogivethemacheerfulsmile.Giveeverylivingsoulyoumeetthebestsmileyouhaveeversmiledinyourlife，8.seehowmuchbetteryoufeelandlook.It'soneofthebest9.(way)Iknowtostopworrying，andstartliving.WhenIbegandoingthis，Ifound10.(me)morewelcomeeverywhere.写作园地写作园地如何写探险类记叙文本单元的写作项目是描述一次探险或者冒险经历，属于记叙文文体。记叙文有六大要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。探险类文章需要注意重点要放在“探险”上；主人公是有意识地去做的，而不是偶然或者意外发生的事情。另外需要体现探险的意义所在，读过之后能让读者有所启发。通常用过去相关的时态。在文章里要写出自己做了什么，自己看见了什么，以及自己的感受。[基本框架]1．开头(beginning)——交代探险发生的时间、地点以及内容；2．主体(body)——详细说明探险的经过或过程；3．结尾(ending)——写出对探险的评价以及自己的感受。[常用词块]1．savetheearth拯救地球2．takethetimemachine乘坐时光机3．flypastthestars飞过星球4．betransformedintoaninsect变成了昆虫5．beeatenbyamonster被怪物吃掉[常用语句]★精彩开头1．Whenitcomestotheadventurestory，theMagicSchoolBuscameintomymindfirst.一说到冒险故事，我首先想到的就是《神奇校车》。2．Speakingoftheadventure，Iexperiencedoncethreeyearsago.说起冒险，我三年前经历了一次。3．Ifyouwanttoexperiencethetravelinspace,let'sreadthefollowingstorytogether.如果你想感受太空旅行，我们一起来读读下面的故事吧。★正文佳句1．Weflewthroughthetunnelandgotintothetimemachine.我们飞跃隧道，进入了时光机器。2．Iwasswimmingintheseawhenabigsharkappearedseveralmetersawayfromme.我正在海里游泳，突然一条大鲨鱼出现在离我几米远的地方。3．Theyjumpedintothetreeholeandthenshrankintoalittlemanofthesamesizeasamouse.他们跳入树洞，然后缩成了像一只老鼠大小的小人。★余味结尾1．Thelittlegirlcametoherselfandfoundshewasstillsleepingunderthetree.小姑娘苏醒过来，发现自己依然睡在树底下。2．TillnowIstillfeelfrightenedatthethoughtofthatadventure.直到现在，一想起那次冒险我依然感到恐惧。3．Theherointhemoviesavedthepeopleintroubleandtaughtmetobekindandhelpfultopeoplearoundme.电影中的男主角拯救了苦难中的人们，教会我要对周围的人善良，要乐于帮助他们。例文练习你是新华中学的学生李华，今年暑假和父母去了夏威夷。期间经历了人生第一次潜水探险。请以日记的形式描述自己的这一次冒险经历，并写出从中自己的所思所想所获。1．潜水地点是普普克阿海滩公园(PupukeaBeachPark)；2．我刚开始听说这里有时会出现鲨鱼，有点担心，但因为它们一般不会主动攻击人类，我尝试下水；3．这里是一个海洋生物保护区，海里的鱼类非常丰富，还有海龟；4．因为海里全是礁石，需要注意安全；5．建议想要去的朋友最好选择每年的夏季，海面平静且海浪很小的最佳浮潜季节。要求：1.词数80左右；2．内容积极向上，可适当增添细节以使行文流畅。分层提分分层提分题组A基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)1．Maryenjoyedfeelingthewarmsand(在……之下)herfeet.2．Onlywhenyouwalkoutofyourcomfortcanyousucceed.3．Theexercisesaredesignedto(拉伸)andtoneyourlegmuscles.4．Seeinghisgoodfriends，hegreetedthemwithawaveandasmile.5．Itisour(最初的)plantosetupanorganizationtohelpthedisabled.6．Beforehedied，hehadalargequantityofalcohol.7．Inthe(拥挤的)city，myfatherpreferswalkingtotakingabus.8．Ineedtohireanew(仆人)，becausethelastonewasnotgoodenough.9．AsfarasIamconcerned，itishardtojudgethe(界限)betweenloveandfriendship.10．Theforeignermadeantomakehimselfunderstoodbythelocalpeople，butfailed.Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)1．Stopdoingit，oryou’lldoyourselfan(injure)．2．Determiningwhereweareinrelationtoour(surround)remainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.3．Ifeltgreatly(thrill)whenImetmyfavoriteauthorinperson.4．Istronglybelieveyoucandealwiththe(relate)betweenstudyandrelaxation.5．Ihad(initial)hopedthatIcouldbecomeawriterwritingsciencefictions.6．Toour(astonish)，hedidn’tworkhardertoovercomehisshortcomings.题组B能力提升练Asthecoronavirusoutbreakcontinues，manyAmericansarefearfulofusingpublictransportation.Theyarealsolookingforwaystogetexercisewithouthavingtogotoagym，aswellaswaystoenjoytheoutdoors.1IntheUnitedStates，bicyclesatbigstoreslikeWalmarthavesoldout.Andsmallbicyclestorescannotkeepupwithdemandfor“family-style”bicycles：thelow-cost，easy-to-ridemodels.Thebicycleindustryisseeingitsbiggestsalesincreasesincetheoilcrisisofthe1970s.TheincreaseinbicycledemandbeganinMarchascountriesbegantoclosedown.2Allbicyclesales，includingthoseforchildren，areup100percentfromtheyearbefore.3CitieslikeManilainthePhilippinesandRome，Italyhavecreatedbicyclepathsforthegrowingnumberofpeoplewhowanttoavoidpublictransportation.InLondon，cityofficialsplantobarcarsfromsomecentralroads.Ofcourse，youcanonlybuyabicycleifyoucanfindonebicycle.IntheU．S.，theshortagesnowmeanitmaytakemanymonthstogetone.4TheU．S.buys90percentofitsbicyclesfromChina.BicyclefactoriestherewereshutdowntostopthespreadofCOVID-19.InBarHarbor，Maine，BrianSmithboughtanewbicycleforoneofhisdaughters.Sheisacompetitiveswimmerwhocouldnotgettothepooltopractice.Hisfamilynowgoesforridesseveraltimesaday.Bicyclinghelpsthemallgetexerciseandenjoythefreshair.5“It’sfun.Maybethat’sthebottomline.It’sreallyfuntoridebikes，”Smithsaid.A．Butwhat’sthebiggestreasonwhytheygoonrides?B．Highdemandisnottheonlyreasonfortheshortage.C．Thenwhohasbenefitedgreatestfromridingbikes?D．TheriseinbicyclesalesisnothappeningjustintheUnitedStates.E．InApril，thesaleofbicyclesforadultsincreased200percentintheUnitedStates.F．However，nobicycleshavebeenimportedfromabroadlikeChinasincetheendoflastyear.G．So，itmaynotbesurprisingthatthepandemic(流行病)hasledtoamajorincreaseinbicyclesales.题组C培优拔尖练AClassifyingthingsiscriticalforourdailylives.Forexample，wehavetodetectspammails(垃圾邮件)，falsepoliticalnews.WhenweuseAI，suchtasksarebasedon“classificationtechnology”inmachinelearning—havingthecomputerlearn，usingtheboundaryseparatingpositiveandnegativedata.Forexample，“positive”datawouldbephotosincludingahappyface，and“negative”dataphotosthatincludeasadface.Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned，thecomputercandeterminewhetheracertaindataispositiveornegative.However，thedifficultywiththistechnologyisthatitrequiresbothpositiveandnegativedataforthelearningprocess，andnegativedataarenotavailableinmanycases.Forinstance，whenaretailer(零售商)istryingtopredictwhowillmakeapurchase，theycaneasilyfinddataoncustomerswhohavepurchasedfromthem(positivedata)，butitisbasicallyimpossibletoobtaindataoncustomerswhohaveneverpurchasedfromthem(negativedata)，sincetheydonothaveaccesstotheircompetitors’data.AccordingtoleadauthorTakashiIshidafromRIKENAIP，“Previousclassificationmethodscouldnotcopewiththesituationwherenegativedatawerenotavailable，butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata，aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata，constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.Usingournewmethod，wecanletcomputerslearnaclassifieronlyfrompositivedataequippedwithconfidence.”AccordingtoIshida，“Thisdiscoverycouldexpandtherangeofapplicationswhereclassificationtechnologycanbeused.Eveninfieldswheremachinelearninghasbeenactivelyused，ourclassificationtechnologycouldbeusedinnewsituationswhereonlypositivedatacanbegatheredduetodataregulationorbusinessconstraints(限制)．Inthenearfuture，wehopetoputourtechnologytouseinvariousresearchfields，suchasnaturallanguageprocessing，computervision，robotics，andbioinformatics.”1．Howcanthecomputerdistinguishthepositivedatafromthenegativedata?A．Bylearningtheclassificationboundary.B．Byupdatingthedatacollectedregularly.C．Byseparatinghappyfacesandsadones.D．Byintroducingclassificationtechnology.2．WhyistheexamplementionedinParagraph2?A．Toprovehowimportantthepositivedataare.B．Toconfirmthatdataoncustomersarecomplete.C．Toarguethatretailersgettheircompetitors’data.D．Toexplainwhynegativedataarehardtoacquire.3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“newmethod”inParagraph3referto?A．Analyzingbuyingintention.B．Buildingaconfidencescore.C．Assessingtheactiverateofappusers.D．Equippingthecomputerwithconfidence.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheHistoryofClassificationTechnologyB．SmarterAI：MachineLearningWithoutNegativeDataC．BiggerData：ComputersAssistingLanguageProcessingD．TheComparisonBetweenPositiveDataandNegativeDataBStudentloan(贷款)debthasbecomeaworldwideproblem.InAmerica，thecountry’soverallstudentdebtreachedarecordof$1.6trillionin2019.Theaveragepersonwithstudentloandebtowedbetween$20,000and$25,000.ArecentJapanesegovernmentreportsaysithasbeenlendingover$9billionyearlytostudentssince2010.SimilarconditionsexistinAfricaandSouthAmerica.Severalfactorsaccountforhighstudentloandebt.Oneisthatemployerseverywherehave