纺院英语词汇学11

1.将下列矛盾修饰语译成汉语Oldnews旧新闻studentteacher实习教师lightheavyweight轻重量级Peaceoffensive和平攻势growingsmall越变越小negativegrowth负增长Halfnaked半裸opensecret公开的秘密loosetights宽松的紧身裤Tightslacks紧身的宽松裤awfulgood极好的samedifference同样的区别Sightunseen看不见的景象darknessvisible看得见的黑暗2.Pointouttherhetoricaldevicesofthefollowingsentences1)Ahundredbayonetsweremarchingdownthestreet.----metonymy借代2)Sheborrowedhiswheelforaspinouttotown.----synecdoche提喻3)Lazinesstravelssoslowlythatpovertysoonovertakeshim.---personification拟人4)Thescentoftheroseranglikeabellthroughthegarden.----simile明喻5)Constantdroppingwearsthestone.----metaphor隐喻6)Hisvoicesoundedlikeathunderinthehall.—simile明喻7)Whenindustrycomesinatthewindow,povertygoesoutofthedoor.----personification.拟人8)Wearecreatinganationonceagainvibrant,robustandalive.Buttherearemanymountainsyettoclimb.----mataphor隐喻9)Youcannotchangehismindanymorethanyoucanchangetheorbitofthemoon.----simile明喻10)Thatfutcoatwouldbebeyondhismiserablepocket.----metonymy借代11)Therearehundredsofsailsintheharbour.----synecdoche提喻12)Hewassuchanaufulteacherthatwheneverherecognizedasparkofgeniusyoucouldbesurehe’dwaterit.---metaphor隐喻13)Sharpwordsmayoccasionallybespokenbyunguardedorignoranttongues.---synecdoche提喻14)Whengunsspeakitistoolatetoargue.---personification拟人15)AmajorlessonAmericansneedtolearnisthatlifeconsistsofmorethancarsandtelevisionsets.----synecdoche提喻EnglishIdiom1.Whatisanidiom?Anidiomisafixedgroupofwordsorasingleword,orevenasentence,withspecialmeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromitsstructure.Thatistosay,themeaningofanidiommustbelearnedasawhole.e.g.“tospillthebeans”isnotatallconcernedwithbeans;itmeans“totellsththatissecret”;“kickthebucket----die”2.SourcesofEnglishIdioms1)theeverydaylifeoftheEpeopleTomakeendsmeetToplayone’slastcardTofollowsuit2)TheBibleTheappleofone’seyeWolfinsheep’sclothingDoasyouwouldbedoneby3)Shakespeare’splaysTogivetheDevilhisdueTowearone’sheartonone’ssleeves4)fables.MythsorlegendsThelion’sshareToworklikeaTrojan3.CharacteristicsofEnglishidioms1)Englishidiomscanbeveryshortorratherlang.Manyidiomsconsistoftwoormorewords;othersmayconsistofentiresentences,e.g.anIndiansummer(sunnyweather/clearday)tocutone’scoataccordingtoone’scloth.Talkofthedevilandhewillappear2)EnglishidiomstakedifferentstructureThreekindsofstructuresofEidioms:theidiomhasanirregularandillogicalstructure,butthemeaningisclear.Iamgoodfriendswithhim.Diamondcutdiamond.棋逢对手，将遇良才。势均力敌b)theidiomhasaregularstructure,butthemeaningisnotclear.Tohaveabeeinone’shead/bonnet.----tohaveastrangefixedideaaboutsomethingc)theidiomisaspecialgroupinwhichbothstructureandmeaningareirregular.throughthickandthin-----throughbothgoodandbadtimes3)Englishidiomsarestructurallystable/unchangeablea)thecomponentpartsofidiomscannotbereplacedlipservice(supportonlyinwords,notinfact)----*mouthserviceTheidiom“Astitchintimesavesnine”cannotbechangedinto“Onestitchintimesavesnine”or“Astitchintimesaveseight”b)thewordordercannotbeinvertedorchanged.Bytwosandthrees---*bythreesandtwosThelion’sshare----*theshareofthelionc)thecostituentsofanidiomcannotbedeletedoraddedtooutofthequestion(imppossible)----*outofquestioninquestion(beingconsidered)----*inthequestion4)themeaningofanEnglishidiomisusuallyunpredictable.That’stosay,meaningscannotbecalculatedbyaddinguptheseparateindividualwords.Howdoyoudo?--greetingusedbypeoplewhentheyfirstmeet.raincatsanddogs----torainveryhardwearone’sheartuponone’ssleev----showone’sfeelingsplainlyWashone’shandsofsth---refusetohaveanythingmoretodowith5)Englishidiomsareusuallymadeofcommonly-usedwords.Theyarevividinusage,briefinstructureandprofoundinmeaning.Onceinabluemoon----onceinaverylongtime;almostneverToputthecartbeforethehorse----todothingsinthewrongorder4.thedifferencebetweenidiomsandfreephrasesFreephrasesareonesinwhichthemeaningcanbeguessedfromtheircomponentswhileidiomaticphrasesarephraseswithaspecialmeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromthecombinationofthewords.BlueskyBluebook—anofficialreportprintedbytheBritishgovernmentcoldwinterColdcomfort—poorconsolation（不起作用的安慰）Sometimesthesamephrasalverbscanbeusedasfreephrasesaswellasidioms.Wegetupearlyeveryday.ThestudentswillgetupanEnglisheveningnextmonth.----arrange5.ClassificationofIdiomsClassificationofidiomscanbeapproachedfromdifferentangles.Accordingtosyntacticfunctions,idiomscanbeclassifiedintofivetypes:1)idiomsnominalinnatureIdiomsofthisclasshaveanounasthekeywordineachandfunctionasanouninsentences,e.g.whiteelephant----sthuselessandunwantedbutbigandcostlybraintrust----agroupofpeoplewithspecialknowledgewhoanswerquestionsorgiveadvicenarrowescape----acaseofonlyjustavoidingeviltopdog----apersoninthehighestpositionfleshandblood----humanbeing;relativesorfamilythelion’sshare----thegreatestpartof…Jackofalltrades----apersonwhocandomanydifkindsofworkbutmaynotbegoodatanyofthem.2)idiomsadjectivalinnatureidiomsfunctionasadjbuttheconstituentsarenotnecessarilyadjs,e.g.aspoorasachurchmouse----havingbarelyenoughmoneyforone’sneeds.Upintheair----uncertainBeyondthepale----beyondthelimitofproperbehavior3)idiomsverbalinnaturelookin----investigategivesomebodythebag----dismisssomebodymakeendsmeet----earnwhatitcoststolivecomebacktoearth----stopimaginingordreaming4)idiomsadverbalinnatureLookafter/intotakeafter----look/behavelikeinnothingflat----inaverylittletime;soonthroughthickandthin----throughalldifficultiesandtroublesTheythrewheroutofthehousebagandbaggage.----withallone’sbelongingsHewasborninthevillageandworkedonthefarmmanandboy.----allone’slife5)sentenceidiomsAllidiomsofthistypearecompletesentences.Theyaremainlyproverbsandsayings,includingcolloqualismsandcatchphrases,e.gAbirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.Howareyou?Neverdothingsbyhalves.Uponmyword!Artislong,lifeisshort.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.6.Englishidiomsarounddifferentsubjects1)idiomscontainingnamesofbirdsandanimalsBirdsofafeatherflocktogether.----peopleofthesamesortDon’tfollowanyonelikesheep.----followblindly2)idiomscontainingnamesofpartsofthehumanbodyHewentonwithhisworkevenwhenhewasdeadonhisfeet.----tootiredtodomoreHeishandinglovewithyou.----verycloseorfriendlyTheteachertoldhimtoholdhistongue.----tobesilent3)idiomsinvolvingcolorsAmotorcarwouldbeawhiteelephanttohim,becausehecan’tdrive.----sthoflittleornovalueWheneversomeoneplayedajokeonhim,hesawred.----becomeveryangry4)idiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoclothesWhathesaidjustnowisanotherpairofshoes.----atotallydifferentmatter.Mymothergavemeadollarinpocketmoney.----moneygiventoapersontospend5)idiomsinvovingtimeThetrainarrivetotheminute.----exactlyAshegotoninyears,hebecamequietandthoughtful.----growold6)idiomsinvovingflowersandplantsSaywhatyouhavegottosay.Ihateamanwhobeatsaboutthebush.----nottocometothepointTheydon’tletthegrassgrowundertheirfeetinlearningEnglish.----towastenotimeindoingsth7)idiomscontainingwordsrelatedtofruitSolongasshewasathome,everythinginthehousewasinapple-pieorder.----inperfectorderYourproposalisahardnuttocrack.---aproblemdifficulttosolve8)idiomsinvolvingfoodandcookingThiskindofexamisapieceofcaketohim.----sthveryeasyFootballismycupoftea.Iwatchthegameeverynight.----sthwhichonelikesAftermonthsofunemployment,allheaskedforwasachancetoearnhisbread.---earnone’sliving9)idiomscontainingwordsrelatedtoshapesandmeasuresPleasedropmealinewhenyougottoShanghai.----writeanoteHewasontopoftheworldwhenhefoundoutthathehadadmittedintocollege.----feelpleasedandhappyWhathesaidisbesidethepoint.----offthesubject7.ProverbsAccordingtotheirstructures,Englishproverbshavethefollowingkinds:1)theellipticalsentencesNogainswithoutpains.----Nothingcanbegainedwithouteffort.Outofsight,outofmind.----ItiseasytoforgetsomeoneorsomethingnotseenregularlyEasiersaidthandone.----Itishardertodothantotalkabout.2)thesimplesentencePracticemakesperfect.----Onlypracticewillbringsuccess.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.----Apersonwhostrivesearlywillbesuccessful.3)thecompoundsentenceLendyourmoneyandloseyourfriend.借钱失友4)thecomplexsentenceWherethere’sawill,thereisaway.Strikewhiletheironishot.----Seizeagoodopportunity.Ex:1将下列成语译成英语光阴似箭挥金如土猫哭老鼠一模一样