三湘名校教育联盟2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1三湘名校教育联盟2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C1.Howdidthemangettothemuseum?A.Bytrain. B.Bybus. C.Bytaxi.【答案】C【原文】W:Didyougettothemuseumontime?M:No.Thetrainsweren’trunning,andthefirsttwobusesthatcamealongweresocrowdedthatIcouldn’tgeton.Atlast,Ijumpedintoataxi.2.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Intheclassroom. B.Athome. C.Inahospital.【答案】B【原文】W:Youlookunhappy,Tom.Whathappened?M:Mum,myclassmateslaughedatmycomposition.W:Really?Letmereaditafterdinner.MaybeIcangiveyousomeadvice.3.Whenwillthewoman’sflighttakeoff?A.ThisFriday. B.ThisSaturday. C.ThisSunday.【答案】C【原文】M:Linda,areyoutravelingtoNewYorkthisSaturday?W:No,therewerenoflightticketsforOct.20,soIbookedaticketforOct.21.M:Well,Iwishyouagoodtrip.4.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.It’sextremelyhotoutside. B.Hewantstogoswimming. C.Swimmingisgoodforhealth.【答案】A【原文】W:I’mgoingswimming.Doyouwanttocome?Ithelpsyoutoloseweight.M:No,Ican’tswimoutsidenow.Lookatthesun!Icanjuststandoutsideandsweat.Whataday!5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofbuildingaschoolnow?A.Itisgoodtimingtobuildit.B.Itshouldhavebeenbuiltearlier.C.Shedoubtstheeffectoftheplan.【答案】B【原文】M:Thecitycouncilhasfinallyvotedthefundstobuildanewhighschool.W:It’sabouttimetheydidit.Idon’tknowwhattookthemsolong.Don’ttheyunderstandthateducationisveryimportantforthedevelopmentofacity?第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatcausedthemantofailinhisgeographycourse?A.Tightschedules. B.Difficultquestions. C.Poorpreparations.7.Whatdidthewomandoforanexam?A.Makesomeflashcards.B.Reviewhernotesrepeatedly.C.Getthegeneralideaofatopic.【答案】6.C7.B【原文】W:What’sthehardestexamortestyou’veevertaken?M:Probablytheexamattheendofthefirstyearofmygeographycourseatuniversity.Notbecausethequestionswereverydifficult,butbecauseI’ddonesolittleworkforit.W:Oh,itisapity.M:Haveyoueverdoneanexamwhereeverythingwentwrong?W:Ohyes.IthoughtI’ddonequitewellinmychemistryexameventhoughitwasatightschedule,butIfailedit.M:Howdidyouusuallyprepareforabigexam?W:Iusedtoreadnotesoverandoveragain.Whataboutyou?M:Oh,Ioftenuseflashcardsorattempttooutlinekeypointsofatopicwithoutlookingatthematerial.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Toplaceanorder.B.Toinquirehisdelayeddelivery.C.Tocomplainaboutthepackage.9.Howlongcanthemanwait?A.Twohours. B.Thirtyminutes. C.Fortyminutes.10.Whatservicewillthewomanoffer?A.Prioritydelivery. B.Fullrefund. C.Freeshipping.【答案】8.B9.C10.A【原文】M:Goodafternoon,thisisHarryStills.I’mcallingtoaskaboutadeliveryIhavebeenexpecting.W:Goodafternoon,MrStills.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Iplacedinorderofacomputeryesterdayandwassupposedtobeherebynoon,butherewearetwohourslaterandIamstillwaiting.W:I’msorryaboutthat.Therearemorepackagesthanusualtodayandthedeliverymanisontheroadandshouldarriveinthirtyminutes.M:Areyousure?Ihavetoleaveinfortyminutesforanappointment,soIneedtomakesureIhaveitbeforethen.W:Iunderstand.Iwillcallhimrightnowandaskhimtomakeyouthefirststopagain.Iapologizeforthedelay.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Ahomedecorationplan. B.Theborrowingofachair. C.Thebenefitsofpainting.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors. B.Husbandandwife. C.Colleagues.13.WhatisBilldoing?A.Paintingthechair. B.Sittingonthechair. C.Decoratingthewalls.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【原文】M:Goodmorning,Mrs.Robinson.CanIuseyourlong-leggedchair,please?Myroofneedsrepairing.W:I’mafraidIcan’tlendittoyounow.Mr.Smith.I’llpassittoyouthisafternoonbecausemyhusband,Bill,isusingit.Heispainting.M:Painting?That’sveryinteresting!Hemustbeveryinterestedinit.W:Oh,no.Heisn’tinterestedinpaintingatall.M:Heisn’t?Ithoughthewasgoodatart.W:Oh,no.Heisnotpaintingartworks.Heispaintingthesittingroom.Oh,becareful.Thepaintmaymakeyourclothesdirty.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.WhatdoesKevinthinkofabstractart?A.Ithaslastingartisticvalue.B.Itmakeslittlesensetohim.C.Itappealsmainlytochildren.15.Whatimpressiondidthefirstpaintinggivethewoman?A.Hopefulness. B.Nervousness. C.Coldness.16.Whatcolorwasusedforthebackgroundinthesecondpainting?A.Green. B.Purple. C.Red.17.WhatwillKevinprobablydothisSaturday?A.Attendanartclass. B.Visitanexhibition. C.Buyanabstractpainting.【答案】14.B15.C16.A17.B【原文】W:HiKevin.I’vejustgotbackfromtheArtGallery.There’sawonderfulshowofabstractart.Youshouldhavecomewithme.M:Idon’tknow.Abstractartseemslikechildren’spaintingtome.W:Well,ifyoudon’tunderstandwhattheartististryingtocommunicate,itcanseemalittlelikethat.M:Whatdidyouseethen?W:Thereweretwopaintingsthatimpressedmemost.ThefirstisahugeonewhichIsupposedthetreealthoughitcouldhavebeenanything.M:Whatdidyoulikeaboutit?W:Justthewaythetreelooked.Itwaslikethetreewasmadeofhardmetal,andthemixofwhiteandgraymadeeverythinglooklikeitwaswinter,freezingwinter.M:That’ssomething.Whatabouttheotherone?W:Thesecondlookedlikeapieceofgrassland.Allthegrasswaspurpleandred,andtherewasgreenskyinthebackground.Ilookedatitandthoughtofsummer.M:Hmm,yourdescriptionreallyteachesmesomethingaboutappreciatingabstractart.MaybeIshouldgoandgivethisshowatrythisSaturday.W:Youreallyshould.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Howmanyofthetop10winnersarefromPeru?A.One. B.Two. C.Three.19.WheredoesKorencKarelcomefrom?A.Zambia. B.TheUnitedStates. C.TheCzechRepublic.20.WhatdoesMarkusHanischsayaboutShaolinkungfu?A.Itencouragespeopletokeepahealthylifestyle.B.Itplaysanimportantroleinhispersonalgrowth.C.Itpromotesculturalexchangesbetweencountries.【答案】18.A19.C20.C【原文】The2024ShaolinGamesFinalsconcludedwiththosewhoplacedinthetop10earningthetitleof“ShaolinKungFuStar”.Twoofthetop10winnerswerefromtheChinesemainland;onewasfromMacao;twowerefromAustralia;therewasonewinnereachfromtheCzechRepublic,Austria,theUnitedStates,PeruandZambia.KorencKarel,the18-year-oldCzechwinner,saidplacinginthetop10wasatestamenttohisyearsofdedicationtothemartialart.Shaolinculturepromotesahealthylifestyle,equippingpeopletonavigatelife’schallengeswhilemaintainingphysicalandmentalbalance.Thecompetitionattractedinternationalparticipants,suchas32-year-oldItaliancompetitorMarkusHanisch.“Shaolinkungfuplaysanimportantroleinbridgingculturesbetweencountries.”Hanischsaid.WaraLucero,acompetitorfromBolivia,highlightedthepersonalgrowthfosteredbyShaolinkungfutraining第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAGuidetoDivingintheGalapagosIslandsDivingintheGalapagosIslandsisadreamcometrueforalldivers,oftenfeaturedhighonadventurousdivers’bucketlists.Whetheryou’reabeginnerseekinggentlewatersalivewithmarine(海洋的)life,oranexperienceddiverthirstyforexcitingencounters,theGalapagosIslandsalwayshassomethingextraordinarytooffer.TheBestTimeforDivingGalpagosisayear-rounddestination.Whenitcomestodiving,thebesttimetoseeuniqueanimalsisduringthedryseason,fromJunetoNovember.Duringthisperiod,watersarecooler,offeringenhancedvisibilityandincreasedopportunitiestowitnesshammerheadsharksandturtles,amongothers.EssentialEquipmentMask,snorkel,andfinsprovideclearvisionunderwaterandenableyoutomoveswiftlythroughthewater.Wetsuitandhoodkeepyouwarmandcomfortablefromcoldwaters.Theregulatorisavitaldevicethatconnectstotheairtank,allowingyoutobreatheeffortlesslyunderwaterwhilereducingtheair’sintensepressure.Thedivecomputertracksthedepth,divetime,anddecompression(减压)limits.LevelsofdifficultyBeginnerdivesareidealfornewcomers,whichoffercalmwaters,minimalcurrents,aneye-openingviewofbiodiversityanddepthsunder12meters.Intermediatedivesaresuitablefordiversconfidentinopenwaters,reachingdepthsofupto30meters.Advanceddivesfeaturestrongcurrents,limitedvisibility,anddepthsbeyond30meters,andadventurousspiritisamust.TopDiveSitesRecommendedKickerRock—Encountereagleraysandvibrantschoolsoffish.SantaFe—Enjoycrystal-clearwatersandplayfulsealions.NorthSeymour—Exploreavastsandybottomat15meters.Mosquera—Braveroughwatersandspotblack-tipreefsharks.21.WhencandiversbestobserveuniqueanimalsintheGalapagos?A.InJanuary. B.InMarch.C.InSeptember. D.InDecember.22.Whatisonekeyuseofadivecomputer?A.Reducingairpressure.B.Helpingmanagedivingconditions.C.Controllingwetsuittemperature.D.Showingunderwaterlocation.23.Whichdivesitemostsuitsanadvanceddiverseekingachallenge?A.SantaFe. B.KickerRock.C.Mosquera. D.NorthSeymour.【答案】21.C22.B23.C【语篇解读】文章是一篇应用文。主要讲述了在加拉帕戈斯群岛潜水的相关信息，包括最佳潜水时间、必备装备、潜水难度等级以及推荐的潜水地点等内容。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Whenitcomestodiving,thebesttimetoseeuniqueanimalsisduringthedryseason,fromJunetoNovember(说到潜水，观察独特动物的最佳时间是旱季，即6月到11月)”可推知，9月在6月到11月之间，适合观察独特动物。故选C。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thedivecomputertracksthedepth,divetime,anddecompressionlimits(潜水电脑能追踪深度、潜水时间和减压限制)”可知，潜水电脑主要作用是帮助潜水员管理潜水条件。故选B。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Advanceddivesfeaturestrongcurrents,limitedvisibility,anddepthsbeyond30meters,andadventurousspiritisamust(高级潜水的特点是有强水流、有限的能见度和超过30米的深度，而且必须要有冒险精神)”以及“Mosquera—Braveroughwatersandspotblack-tipreefsharks(莫斯克拉——要勇敢面对汹涌的海水并发现黑鳍礁鲨)”可知，莫斯克拉潜水点的条件符合高级潜水员所面临的挑战。故选C。BThissummer,theflavoroffreshlybakedbreadandspicesfilledtheCrissyFieldCenter—notfromchefs,butfrommiddleschoolersintheUrbanTrailblazersprogramperfectingtheirkitchenskills.Fromfoodhistorytofood-centeredfieldtrips,theprogramallowedthemtousetheirsensestoengagemoredeeplywiththenaturalworld.“Wewantyoungpeopletothoughtfullyconsidertheirdecisionstheyweremakingatgrocerystoresandecologicalfootprint.”saidErnestoPepito,theprogram’sdirector.Thesix-weekprogrambeganwiththebasicsofreading,writing,andpresentingrecipes.Students’firstassignment?Bringinadishwithculturalorpersonalsignificance.Classesincludedpracticingknifeskills,exploringheatcontrol,andpairingflavorsbythemselves.Theydevelopedarichvocabularyaswelltodescribewhattheyweredoing.Studentsalsosteppedouttogaindeeperinsightintofoodorigins.OnafieldtriptoAlemanyFarm,theyjournaledtheirsensoryexperiencesamongrowsofripeningproduce.AvisittotheMarinFarmers’Marketintroducedthemtolocalfarmers,sustainablegrowingpractices,andunfamiliarfruitsandvegetables.StudentsalsovisitedtheJapaneseTeaGardenandConservatoryofFlowersandrealizedthere’smoretoexplore,evenintheirownbackyards.Backinthekitchen,breadweekwasahit.Afterexploringthehistoryofbreadacrosscultures,eachstudentselectedarecipetoresearch,bake,andpresent.Bysharingthestoriesbehindtheirloaves,theywovehistory,tradition,andpersonalmeaningintotheircreations.Overtime,thestudentsnotonlymasteredrecipesbutalsodevelopedconfidence.SamTran,MiddleSchoolProgramsmanagerattheCrissyFieldCenter,recalledastudentwhoinitiallyhadnointerestincooking.“Bytheend,hewasexperimentingathomewithhisdad,bakingloafafterloafofbananabread.”“Actually,thatisanoutcomewedidn’tforesee,”Pepitoadded.“Butit’sreallypowerfulthatyoungpeoplecrossthatthreshold(门槛)offeararoundtryingsomethinginthekitchen,andareabletobringthathome.”24.WhatarestudentsexpectedtodoaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Learnexpertcookingskills.B.Supporteco-friendlyagriculture.C.Promotehealthyeatinghabits.D.Connectfoodchoiceswithnature.25.Howdotheclassesandfieldtripsoftheprogrambenefitstudents?A.Byemployingexperientiallearning.B.Byfollowingstep-by-stepcookingrules.C.Byclarifyingfoodtheoriesandhistory.D.Byassigningindependentresearchtasks.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Creatingpersonalrecipes.B.Developingadifferenthobby.C.Gainingnewfoundconfidence.D.Buildingacloserfamilybond.27.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthistext?A.IntheKitchenandBeyondB.HowCookingShapesYoungMindsC.ANewGenerationofChefsD.ExploringFoodfromFarmtoTable【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了UrbanTrailblazers项目，该项目通过教授中学生烹饪技能、组织实地考察等活动，帮助他们更深入地了解食物与自然的关系，培养他们的生态意识。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fromfoodhistorytofood-centeredfieldtrips,theprogramallowedthemtousetheirsensestoengagemoredeeplywiththenaturalworld.‘Wewantyoungpeopletothoughtfullyconsidertheirdecisionstheyweremakingatgrocerystoresandecologicalfootprint.’saidErnestoPepito,theprogram’sdirector.(从食物历史到以食物为中心的实地考察，该项目让他们能够利用自己的感官更深入地与自然世界互动。该项目的主任ErnestoPepito说：‘我们希望年轻人能够深思熟虑地考虑他们在杂货店做出的决定以及他们的生态足迹。’)”可知，学生被期望将食物选择与自然联系起来。故选D项。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Classesincludedpracticingknifeskills,exploringheatcontrol,andpairingflavorsbythemselves.(课程包括练习刀工、探索温度控制以及自己搭配口味)”和第三段“Studentsalsosteppedouttogaindeeperinsightintofoodorigins.OnafieldtriptoAlemanyFarm,theyjournaledtheirsensoryexperiencesamongrowsofripeningproduce.AvisittotheMarinFarmers’Marketintroducedthemtolocalfarmers,sustainablegrowingpractices,andunfamiliarfruitsandvegetables.StudentsalsovisitedtheJapaneseTeaGardenandConservatoryofFlowersandrealizedthere’smoretoexplore,evenintheirownbackyards.(学生们还走出去，深入了解食物的来源。在参观阿勒马尼农场时，他们在成排成熟的农产品中记录了自己的感官体验。参观马林农贸市场让他们了解了当地农民、可持续种植方法以及不熟悉的水果和蔬菜。学生们还参观了日本茶园和花卉温室，意识到即使是在自己的后院，也有更多的东西值得探索)”可知，课程包括练习刀工、探索温度控制以及自己搭配口味，实地考察包括参观农场、农贸市场、日本茶园和花卉温室等，这些课程和实地考察都让学生亲身体验，从而更深入地了解食物和自然。因此，这些课程和实地考察通过体验式学习使学生受益。故选A项。【26题详析】词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Overtime,thestudentsnotonlymasteredrecipesbutalsodevelopedconfidence.(随着时间的推移，学生们不仅掌握了食谱，还培养了信心)”和第六段“‘Actually,thatisanoutcomewedidn’tforesee,’Pepitoadded.‘Butit’sreallypowerfulthatyoungpeoplecrossthatthreshold(门槛)offeararoundtryingsomethinginthekitchen,andareabletobringthathome.’(‘实际上，那是我们没有预料到的结果，’Pepito补充道。‘但年轻人能够克服在厨房尝试新事物的恐惧，并能够把这种信心带回家，这是非常有力的。’)”可知，指示代词that指代上文提到的“学生获得新的信心”。故选C项。【27题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thissummer,theflavoroffreshlybakedbreadandspicesfilledtheCrissyFieldCenter—notfromchefs,butfrommiddleschoolersintheUrbanTrailblazersprogramperfectingtheirkitchenskills.Fromfoodhistorytofood-centeredfieldtrips,theprogramallowedthemtousetheirsensestoengagemoredeeplywiththenaturalworld.(今年夏天，新鲜出炉的面包和香料的味道弥漫在CrissyField中心——不是来自厨师，而是来自参加UrbanTrailblazers项目的中学生，他们正在完善自己的厨艺。从食物历史到以食物为中心的实地考察，该项目让他们能够利用自己的感官更深入地与自然世界互动)”和最后一段中“Butit’sreallypowerfulthatyoungpeoplecrossthatthreshold(门槛)offeararoundtryingsomethinginthekitchen,andareabletobringthathome.(但年轻人能够克服在厨房尝试新事物的恐惧，并能够把这种信心带回家，这是非常有力的)”可知，文章主要介绍了UrbanTrailblazers项目，该项目不仅在厨房内教授学生烹饪技能，还在厨房外组织实地考察，帮助他们更深入地了解食物与自然的关系，培养他们的生态意识，同时学生也获得了新的信心。因此，A项“IntheKitchenandBeyond(在厨房内外)”最能概括文章内容，适合做文章标题。故选A项。CAstheawardsseasonapproaches,studentsandteacherswillgathertocelebrateacademicperformance,citizenship,leadershipandextracurricular(课外的)excellence.Schoolsbilltheseawardsasawaytorecognizestudents’achievements.Butaretheyagoodidea?Thephilosophybehindtheseawardsistosolidifypositivebehaviorsandencouragestudentstoexcel.Thisconceptisrootedinbehaviourismtoeducation,apsychologicaltheorythatsuggestsexternalrewardscanshapebehavior.Butsuchrewardsdonotnecessarilyleadtolastingengagement.Oncethedesireforrewardfade,thebehavioroftendoesn’tstick.Researchhasalsoshownawardscansometimesdomoreharmthangood.Whenstudentsfocusonearninganawardratherthanenjoyingtheactivity,theirmotivationshiftsfrominternaltoexternal.Thismeanstheymightparticipateonlyforthesakeoftheaward,ratherthanforthejoyoflearningorpersonalgrowth.AUSstudyofschool-agedchildrenfoundthatthosewhosaid“IaskquestionsinclassbecauseIwanttolearnnewthings”achievedhigheracademicthanthosewhosaid“Ilikeschoolsubjectswhereit’sprettyeasytojustlearntheanswers”.Beyondaffectingmotivation,awardscanalsoleadchildrentogrowdependentonexternalrecognition.Whenkidsgetusedtoseekingapprovalthroughawards,theymaystruggletofindself-worthintheirownefforts.Forthekidswhodon’treceiveawards,theymayfeelinadequateordiscouraged,especiallyifthesamefewchildrenarealwayscelebrated.Thissituationcancreateafixedmindsetwherekidsthinktheirabilitiescan’tchangeorprogress,asopposedtoagrowthmindsetwherestudentsfirmlybelievetheycanbecomebetterthroughhardwork,goodstrategiesandhelpfromothers.Thisisnottosayschoolsshouldnevergivestudentsawards.Forparentsandeducators,whetherkidsreceiveanawardornot,therearealwaysalternativestotalkaboutttheirachievementsattheendoftheschoolyear.28.WhatissuggestedabouttheimpactofawardsinParagraph2?A.Temporary. B.Motivating.C.Overestimated. D.Transformative.29.Howdoawardsnegativelyaffectstudents’academicperformance?A.Theycreateoverconfidenceinstudents.B.Theyweakenstudents’internalmotivation.C.Theymisleadstudentsinproblem-solving.D.Theydiscouragestudentsfromseekinganswers.30.Whatdistinguishesagrowthmindsetfromafixedone?A.Faithinself-improvement.B.Goodacademicperformance.C.Preferenceforexternalapproval.D.Activeclassroomengagement.31.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Whyschoolsrefusetogiveupawards.B.Howtoencouragekidsbeyondawards.C.Whyschoolsseekalternativestoawards.D.Howtoteachkidsself-worthwithoutawards.【答案】28.A29.B30.A31.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了学校给学生奖励这种方法的弊端。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thephilosophybehindtheseawardsistosolidifypositivebehaviorsandencouragestudentstoexcel.(这些奖项背后的理念是巩固积极的行为，鼓励学生超越)”和“Butsuchrewardsdonotnecessarilyleadtolastingengagement.Oncethedesireforrewardfade,thebehavioroftendoesn’tstick.(但这样的奖励并不一定会带来持久的参与。一旦对奖励的渴望消退，这种行为通常就不会坚持下去)”可知，本段虽提及了奖励是为了巩固积极的行为，鼓励学生超越，但随后强调这样的奖励并不一定会带来持久的参与。一旦对奖励的渴望消退，这种行为通常就不会坚持下去，这说明第二段意在强调奖励的影响是短暂的，为后续段落论证awards的不良影响做好铺垫，因此正确答案是A。选项B.Motivating：第二段暗示了奖励的激励作用并不持久；选项C.Overestimated“被高估的”，本段没有提及；选项D.Transformative“变革性的”，虽然奖励可能会在短期内产生某种影响，但不会改变人们的根本动机或行为。故选A。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Whenstudentsfocusonearninganawardratherthanenjoyingtheactivity,theirmotivationshiftsfrominternaltoexternal.Thismeanstheymightparticipateonlyforthesakeoftheaward,ratherthanforthejoyoflearningorpersonalgrowth.(当学生专注于获得奖励而不是享受活动时，他们的动机就会从内部转移到外部。这意味着他们可能只是为了奖励而参加，而不是为了学习或个人成长的乐趣)”可知，奖励可能会让学生更关注外部奖励而非学习本身，导致他们的动机从内部转移到外部，并且意味着他们可能只是为了奖励而参加，而不是为了学习或个人成长的乐趣，也就是说，奖励会削弱学生的内在学习动力。故选B。【30题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thissituationcancreateafixedmindsetwherekidsthinktheirabilitiescan’tchangeorprogress,asopposedtoagrowthmindsetwherestudentsfirmlybelievetheycanbecomebetterthroughhardwork,goodstrategiesandhelpfromothers.(这种情况会造成一种固定思维，孩子们认为他们的能力不会改变或进步，而不是成长型思维，学生们坚信他们可以通过努力工作，好的策略和他人的帮助变得更好)”可知，固定思维(fixedmindset)的人认为自己的能力是固定的，无法改变，而成长型思维(growthmindset)的人则相信通过努力、策略和帮助可以进步。两者之间的区别在于是否相信自己的能力会得到提升。故选A。【31题详析】推理判断题。最后一段中“Forparentsandeducators,whetherkidsreceiveanawardornot,therearealwaysalternativestotalkaboutttheirachievementsattheendoftheschoolyear.(对于家长和教育者来说，无论孩子是否获得奖励，在学年结束时总是有其他的选择来谈论他们的成就)”提到，无论孩子是否获得奖励，在学年结束时总是有其他的选择来谈论他们的成就，这表明接下来的内容可能会讨论如何在没有奖励的情况下鼓励孩子。对于选项A.Whyschoolsrefusetogiveupawards，文章没有暗示学校抗拒放弃奖励；对于选项C.Whyschoolsseekalternativestoawards，“alternatives”只是讨论的一部分，重点在于如何鼓励学生；对于选项D.Howtoteachkidsself-worthwithoutawards，这里涉及的自我价值，解读前文后可发现，其范围较窄。故选B。DFromabove,carsinchingdownthehighwaylooklikeants.Butactualantsmanagetoavoidthestop-and-gotraffic.Researchersarenowlearningfromantstoprogramself-drivingcarsthatdon’tjamup.Thefreeflowoftrafficbecomesunstableasvehicledensity(密度)increasesonahighway.At15vehiclespermilepertrack,onedriverhittingtheirbrakes(刹车)cancauseapersistentwaveofjam.Thisphenomenon,knownasaphasetransition,issimilartohowwaterfreezesintoice,explainsNishinari,amathematicalphysicistattheUniversityofTokyo.Antscanmaintaintheirflowinhigh-densityconditions.BystudyingOchetellussants,researchersdiscoveredtheirsecret:theytravelinsmallgroups,moveatnearlyconstantrates,withspacebetweenoneanother—andtheydon’tspeeduptopassothers.Humandriversatrushhour,honestly,“areprioritizingpersonalconvenience”,saysstudyco-authorNicolaPugno.Butself-drivingcars,ifwidelyadopted,couldbeengineeredtocooperatelikeants.Inthefuture,thesevehicleswouldsharereal-timedatawithnearbycarstofacilitatesmoothertrafficflowbyadjustingspeedandspacingorbynotovertakingothers.Thisvehiclenetworkismodeledafterhowantscoordinate(协同)usingsmellsratherthanfollowingaleader.“Thereisnoleader.”explainsPinter-Wollman,abehavioralscientistcurrentlystudyingantsattheUCLA,yettheirmovementremainsorganized.Andinbothantandvehicletraffic,thisdecentralizedsystemcanbe“very,verystrong”andadaptive,Nishinarisays.Still,antshaveadvantagesthatself-drivingcarslack.Pinter-Wollmanpointsout,“Antssimplyexpandpathwaysaswideastheyplease,unlikecarsstuckonhighways.Whentheyhitajaminatunnel,theyjustclimbthewallorwalkontheceiling.Plus,antsnevercrash;ifoneisintheway,theyliterallystepoveritandkeepmoving.”Today’sdriverscanlearnatleastonethingfromantstoavoidcausingatrafficjam:keepaway.Keepingasafedistancefromthecaraheadpreventsbrakingwavesfromturningintofull-blowntrafficjams.“Justkeepingaway.”hesays,canhelptrafficflowsmoothly.32.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Whataphasetransitionexplains.B.Howstabletrafficstartstobreakdown.C.Whyvehicledensityimpactstraffic.D.Whentrafficjamsbecomeunavoidable.33.Whatcanself-drivingcarsdotoimprovetrafficflow?A.Communicatepurposefully.B.Overtakeothersintelligently.C.Functioncooperatively.D.Preventsuddenbrakingsmarty.34.Whatisakeyfeatureofthisant-inspirednetworkinself-drivingcars?A.Disregardingphysicalroadlimitations.B.Organizingtrafficunderasingleleadercar.C.Adaptingbypredictingdriverbehavior.D.Workingthroughself-organizedcoordination.35.InwhattonedoesPinter-Wollmandescribeants’advantagesovercars?A.Scholarly. B.Humorous. C.Reflective. D.Inspirational.【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员从蚂蚁身上学习，以编程自动驾驶汽车避免交通堵塞。【32题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thefreeflowoftrafficbecomesunstableasvehicledensity(密度)increasesonahighway.At15vehiclespermilepertrack,onedriverhittingtheirbrakes(刹车)cancauseapersistentwaveofjam.Thisphenomenon,knownasaphasetransition,issimilartohowwaterfreezesintoice,explainsNishinari,amathematicalphysicistattheUniversityofTokyo.(随着高速公路上车辆密度的增加，交通的自由流动变得不稳定。在每英里每车道15辆车的情况下，一名司机踩刹车可能会导致持续的拥堵。东京大学的数学物理学家Nishinari解释说，这种现象被称为相变，类似于水结冰的过程。)”可知，第二段主要讨论了稳定的交通如何开始崩溃。故选B。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Butself-drivingcars,ifwidelyadopted,couldbeengineeredtocooperatelikeants. Inthefuture,thesevehicleswouldsharereal-timedatawithnearbycarstofacilitatesmoothertrafficflowbyadjustingspeedandspacingorbynotovertakingothers.(但如果自动驾驶汽车被广泛采用，它可以像蚂蚁一样协同工作。未来，这些车辆将与附近的汽车共享实时数据，通过调整速度和间距或不超车来促进更平稳的交通流。)”可知，自动驾驶汽车可以通过协同工作来改善交通流量。故选C。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Thisvehiclenetworkismodeledafterhowantscoordinate(协同)usingsmellsratherthanfollowingaleader.“Thereisnoleader.”explainsPinter-Wollman,abehavioralscientistcurrentlystudyingantsattheUCLA,yettheirmovementremainsorganized.Andinbothantandvehicletraffic,thisdecentralizedsystemcanbe“very,verystrong”andadaptive,Nishinarisays.(这种车辆网络是模仿蚂蚁如何使用气味而不是跟随领导者进行协调的。“没有领导者。”目前在加州大学洛杉矶分校研究蚂蚁的行为科学家Pinter-Wollman解释道，但他们的移动仍然是有组织的。Nishinari说，在蚂蚁和车辆交通中，这种分散的系统可以“非常、非常强大”和自适应。)”可知，这种受蚂蚁启发的网络的关键特征是通过自我组织的协调工作。故选D。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据第六段“Pinter-Wollmanpointsout,“Antssimplyexpandpathwaysaswideastheyplease,unlikecarsstuckonhighways.Whentheyhitajaminatunnel,theyjustclimbthewallorwalkontheceiling.Plus,antsnevercrash;ifoneisintheway,theyliterallystepoveritandkeepmoving.”(Pinter-Wollman指出：“蚂蚁可以随意拓宽道路，不像汽车会被困在高速公路上。当它们在隧道里遇到堵塞时，它们就爬墙或者在天花板上行走。此外，蚂蚁永远不会相撞；如果有一只蚂蚁挡路，其他蚂蚁真的会从它身上跨过去，然后继续前进。”)”可知，Pinter-Wollman用幽默的语气描述了蚂蚁的优势。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Awarenessofthefastfashion’sproblemsisgrowing,butprogressinslowfashionremainsslow.Arecentsurveyrevealedthatwhile74%ofshoppersrecognizetheenvironmentalimpactoftheirconsumptionhabitsand50%viewfastfashionasharmful,72%stillpurchaseitfortheconvenienceandunbeatableprices.____36____Youdon’tevenneedtobuyanythingnewtostart.First,takecareofwhatyoualreadyown.Extendthelifespanofyourclothesbyfollowingpropercareinstructions—machinewashingatlowtemperaturesandairdryingwheneverpossibletoconserveenergy.Learningbasicsewingskillscanhelpyourepairminorwearandtearwhilestain(污渍)removaltechniqueskeepclotheslookingfresh.Ifmendingisn’tyourstrength,considervisitingatailororalocalrepaircafe.____37____Next,shopmindfully.Anoverflowingclo