山东名校联考2025届高三4月联合检测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东名校联考2025届高三4月联合检测英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Sunny. B.Rainy. C.Windy.【答案】A【原文】W:Mike,drawthecurtainsandletthesunshinefloodin.M:Oh,it’safinedaytoday.There’snowind.Well,whendidtherainstop?W:Itstoppedlastnight.2.Whatwillthemandotoday?A.Watchamovie. B.Attendawedding. C.Buythewomanadress.【答案】B【原文】M:You’realldressedup.Iwon’tdressformallyonsucharelaxingSaturday.W:We’llgotoMelissa’sweddingceremonytoday.Donottellmeyouforgotit.M:Ohmy!Ittotallyslippedmymind.I’llreturnthemovieticketrightnow.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Wheretogohiking.B.Whentogooutfordinner.C.Howtocelebrateananniversary.【答案】C【原文】M:I’mthinkingofdoingsomethingdifferentforourweddinganniversarythisyear.Idon’twanttojustgooutfordinnerlikeweusedto.W:Howabouthikinginthemountains?I’vealwayswantedtogetbacktonature.4.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.OnWednesday. B.OnThursday. C.OnFriday.【答案】A【原文】M:Haveyoustartedpreparingfortheclasspresentation,Lily?W:No.Thispresentationisduethedayaftertomorrow.Don’tworry,Terry.M:Golly!DoyouthinkourpresentationisdueonFriday?Itisduetomorrow.5.Wherewillthemangonext?A.Toarestaurant. B.ToSusan’shome. C.Toagasstation.【答案】B【原文】W:Weseemtobelightonfuel.Shallwestopattheserviceareatofillupthegastank?M:No.We’llarriveatSusan’shouseinjustfifteenminutes.I’llfillupthecaratthegasstationnearherhouseafterlunch.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatdidtheexperiencedfarmertellthemanlastweek?A.Thehenhousewasn’tcleanenough.B.Thehenhousewasn’ttherightsize.C.Thehenhousecouldholdabout20hens.7.Whatdoesthewomanadvisedoingintheend?A.Shoppingforeggs. B.Buyingsomehens. C.Cleaningthehenhouse.【答案】6.C7.B【原文】M:ComeandlookatthenewhenhouseIjustfinishedbuilding.I’mreallyexcitedtohavesomeegg-layinghensinthere.W:Great!Howmanyhensareyouplanningtoraise?M:Around20.Lastweek,Iwenttoafarmandconsultedanexperiencedfarmer.HeconfirmedthatthehenhouseIdesignedwouldbeperfectforthemtomovearoundcomfortably.W:Nice.Weneedtomaintaincleanlinessinthehenhouseforhealthyhens.Imaginehavingfresheggseveryday!M:Right.Ican’twaittoseehowitturnsout.W:Whydon’twegoandselectsomehensnow?It’stheperfecttimetostart.M:Goodidea!Let’sgo.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shedidn’tbringherphone.B.Shelosthermapontheroad.C.Sheisunfamiliarwiththearea.9.Whereisthenearestsubwaystation?A.Besideanofficebuilding. B.Oppositeasupermarket. C.Ontherightofasupermarket.10.Whatwillthemandoforthewomannext?A.Takehertothestation. B.Fixaphoneforher. C.Writeheranote.【答案】8.C9.A10.C【原文】W:Excuseme,I’msorrytobotheryou,butIthinkI’mlost.IhavenoideawhereIam.Tomakeitworse,mycellphoneisoutofjuicenow,soIcan’tcheckthemapapp.M:Relax,don’tworry.Tellmewhereyouaregoing.W:Tothenearestsubwaystation.M:It’sjustafewblocksaway.Walkalongthisroad,tumleftatthesupermarketaheadfirst,andthenkeepwalkingstraightuntilyouseeanofficebuildingwithabigclockontop.Thestationisnexttotheofficebuilding.Youwon’tmissit.W:Ihavetroublerememberingallthesedetails.AndIdon’thaveapenandpaperonme.M:It’sokay.Ihavebothofthem.Icanwritedownallthesedetailsforyounow.W:Okay.Thanksamillion.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.Whatdidthemanthinkofhistakingaself-drivingcarinWuhan?A.Itwasdisappointing. B.Itwasjustso-so. C.Itwassatisfactory.12.Howmanyself-drivingcarsfromApolloGohavebeenoperationalinWuhan?A.500. B.750. C.1,000.13.Whatconcernhasarisenregardingtheself-drivingcars?A.Theriseinunemployment.B.Theincreaseinparkingfines.C.Thedropofhuman-driventaxiprice.【答案】11.C12.A13.A【原文】M:IwenttoWuhanthissummerandItriedthenewself-drivingcarsthere.They’resupercheapcomparedtohuman-driventaxis.W:Thatsoundsamazing.Wereyouafraidtositinacarwithoutadriver?M:Ididfeelanxious.Iwasafraiditmightcausetrafficaccidentsorsomething.Buttomysurprise,thewholetripwentsmoothly.W:That’sgood.ApolloGo,ownedbyBaidu,hasoperated500self-drivingcarsinWuhan.Theservicewaslaunchedin2022andstartedtogainpopularityduringthefirsthalfoftheyear.M:Withthedevelopmentofself-drivingcars,humandriversarereallyfeelingthepressure.Butexpertsthinkthatthereisaslimchancethatself-drivingcarswilltaketheplaceofhumandriversinjustafewyears.W:It’sanexcitingsteptowardsadriverlessfuture,butIagreewiththeexpertsatthisstage.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.WheredoesthestoryinWu’sbooktakeplace?A.OntheSouthernPacificOcean.B.OntheWesternPacificOcean.C.OntheNorthAtlanticOcean.15.WhatisasignificantgoalofWu’sbook?A.Todocumentthehistoryofnavigation.B.Toincreasetheinfluenceofadventurenovels.C.ToencouragemodernthinkingonChina’snavigation.16.WhatdoestheinspirationforWu’sbookcomefrom?A.Hisyearsofexperienceasasailor.B.Hisacademicstudiesingeography.C.Hissailingjourneywithhiskids.17.WhatdidWugetfromCheungKongGraduateSchoolofBusiness?A.APhD. B.Amaster’sdegree. C.Abachelor’sdegree.【答案】14.B15.C16.C17.B【原文】W:HaveyouheardaboutthenewbookDahanghaiShidai(TheGreatAgeofNavigation)byWuZheneng?M:Yes,Ihave!It’sanovelaboutagroupofwarriorsnavigationgtheWesternPacificOcean.Inthisnovel,WuZhenengshowshisknowledgeandexpectationsfromvariousperspectives,includingastronomy,geography,historyandpolitics.Animportantaimofthisbookistoencouragepeople,especiallyfuturegenerations,tolookatChina’seraofgreatnavigationwithscientificandinnovativemodernthinkingandmovetowardaneweraofgreatnavigation.W:That’sright.ThestoryisinspiredbyhisexperiencesofsailingwithhischildrenontheSouthChinaSea.M:Iheardthathisdaughterdescribedtheoceanasaromanticscenewherethelightbluemeetsthedarkblue,andthewindcreatesamusicaldanceonthewaves.W:True.AndI’velearnedthatWu’sbackgroundisimpressive.HeholdsaPhD.fromNankaiUniversity,amaster’sdegreefromCheungKongGraduateSchoolofBusiness,andabachelor’sdegreefromBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity.M:Veryimpressive.Let’sgoandbuythisbooknow.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.WhatmadeMasterMfaumefamousonsocialmedia?A.Adocumentaryaboutthepopularityofkungfu.B.Someshortvideosofhimselfandhisstudents.C.ATVshowaboutthehistoryofTanzania.19.HowdidMr.MingpromotekungfuinAfrica?A.BypublishingbooksaboutBruceLee.B.Bysettingupkungfutrainingclubs.C.ByshowingBruceLee’sfilms.20.InwhichcountrydidthefirstAfricanShaolinKungFuGamestakeplace?A.Zambia. B.Ethiopia. C.SouthAfrica.【答案】18.B19.C20.A【原文】M:MasterMfaume,whoheadsthebiggestkungfutempleinTanzania,hasbecomepopularonsocialmedia,withshortvideosofhimselfandhisstudentsshowingofftheirlightningkungfumoves.Theseonlinevideoshavewon184,000likes.MasterMfaumesaysmoreandmoreTanzanianswanttostudykungfu.KungfuwasbroughttoAfricainthe1970sbyMr.Ming,amysteriousfigurefromTaiwanProvince,China.HepopularizedkungfubyshowingBruceLee’skungfufilmsincinemasinAfrica,whereaudienceslovedBruceLee’sspiritoffightingagainstunfaimess.KungfuclubsareopeningacrossAfrica,fromCapeTown’sShaolinKungFuInstituteofSouthAfricatotheTenTigersofNileChineseWushuKung-fuTrainingClubinEthiopia.Recently,ZambiahostedthefirstAfricanShaolinKungFuGames,withmorethan150fightersfrom23countriesparticipatingintheevent.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACarnivalintheCaribbeanismorethanjustaparty;itisatraditiondeeplyrootedinhistory.EachislandintheCaribbeanhasitsuniquewayofcelebratingCarnival,butallshareacommonthemeoftheenduringspiritofitspeople,blendinghistory,culture,andjoy.InTrinidadandTobago,Carnivalbeganinthelate18thcenturywhenenslavedpeople,bannedfromparticipatinginthepartiesofFrenchplantationowners,createdtheirownfestival,developingCalypsomusicasaformofcommunication.Today,Trinidad’sCarnivalisknownasthe“greatestshowonearth”,featuringeventslikeJ’ouvert,stickfighting,andthePanoramasteelpancompetition.Guadeloupe’sCarnivalisknownforitsreflectionsonreality,withtraditionaldrumming,stiltedfigurescalledmoko-zobis,andlifefulstreetparades.Theisland’srichhistoryisalsoshowcasedattheMémorialACTeMuseum,whichexploresthelegacyoftheslavetrade.Martinique’sCarnivalisanotherhighlight,withitsoriginsinthe17thand18thcenturies.EnslavedAfricansusedsatire,music,anddancetoexpresstheirfreedom.Thecelebrationincludesparades,funnyparties,andtheceremonialburningofKingVavalonAshWednesday.InBarbados,theCropOverFestivalmarkstheendofthesugarcaneharvest.ThissummercelebrationculminatesinGrandKadoomentDay,agrandparadefilledwithcolorfulcostumesandmusic.ThefestivalisasourceofprideforBajans,celebratingtheiragriculturalheritage.Finally,Dominica’sMasDominikoffersauniqueCarnivalexperiencesetagainstthebackdropoflushrainforests.ThecelebrationincludesJ’ouvert,Calypsomusic,andakiddiecarnival,makingitafamily-friendlyevent.21.WhatistheoriginofCarnivalinTrinidadandTobago?A.Aneventoftheancientmusic.B.Atraditionofthecostumeparties.C.AcelebrationcreatedbyenslavedAfricans.D.AfestivalintroducedbyFrenchplantationowners.22.WhatisakeyfeatureofMartinique’sCarnival?A.TheCropOverfestival. B.TheburningofKingVaval.C.Theuseoftraditionaldrumming. D.ThePanoramasteelpancompetition.23.WhatdotheCarnivalsinCaribbeanhaveincommon?A.Parade. B.Music. C.Harvest. D.Costume.【答案】21.C22.B23.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了加勒比海的一些岛屿的狂欢节。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“InTrinidadandTobago,Carnivalbeganinthelate18thcenturywhenenslavedpeople,bannedfromparticipatinginthepartiesofFrenchplantationowners,createdtheirownfestival,developingCalypsomusicasaformofcommunication.(在特立尼达和多巴哥，狂欢节始于18世纪末，当时被奴役的人们被禁止参加法国种植园主的聚会，他们创造了自己的节日，发展了卡利普索音乐作为一种交流形式。)”可知，特立尼达和多巴哥的狂欢节起源于被奴役的非洲人创造的庆祝活动。故选C项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Martinique’sCarnivalisanotherhighlight,withitsoriginsinthe17thand18thcenturies.EnslavedAfricansusedsatire,music,anddancetoexpresstheirfreedom.Thecelebrationincludesparades,funnyparties,andtheceremonialburningofKingVavalonAshWednesday.(马提尼克岛的狂欢节是另一个亮点，起源于17世纪和18世纪。被奴役的非洲人用讽刺、音乐和舞蹈来表达他们的自由。庆祝活动包括游行，有趣的派对，以及在圣灰星期三焚烧瓦瓦尔国王的仪式。)”可知，马提尼克岛狂欢节的一个关键特征是在圣灰星期三焚烧瓦瓦尔国王。故选B项。【23题详析】细节理解题。通读全文可知，特立尼达和多巴哥狂欢节发展了卡利普索音乐；瓜德罗普岛狂欢节有传统击鼓；马提尼克岛狂欢节中被奴役的非洲人用音乐表达自由；巴巴多斯的丰收节有音乐；多米尼克的狂欢节有卡利普索音乐。所以加勒比地区的狂欢节都有音乐这一元素。故选B项。BAt17,Toronto’sSheriaunaHaasehasalreadycarvedanextraordinarypathasaworld-classparaathlete,dancer,andactress.InNovember2023,shesecureddualbronzemedalsinthe100mand200mracesatSantiago’sParapanAmericanGames—astrikingachievementforateenwhobeganparaathleticstrainingjustoneyearearlier.Bornwithacongenitallimbreduction(先天性肌肉萎缩),Haasecreditshersuccesstoresilience(复原力),self-belief,andthetransformativepowerofsupport.Haase’sathleticsuccessisextendedbyhervibrantartisticpursuits.Adancersinceagetwo,Haasechannelsself-expressionthroughmovement,landingrolesinTVserieslikeCircuitBreakersandTheNextStep.Throughacting,sheadvocatesfordisabilityrepresentation,transformingdanceintoacelebrationofidentity,empoweringhertoacceptheruniqueness.Childhoodbullying(欺凌)onceshookherconfidence,butherfamily,especiallyhermother,becameheranchor.“TheytaughtmetolovemyselfasIam,”shesays.Thisself-acceptancefueledherdeterminationtomasterballetroutinesandsprintingtechniquesalike.GuidedbycoachBobWestman,AthleticsCanada’sleadparacoach,Haaseshapedherrawtalentintomedal-winningprecisionwithintwomonths.Westman,withoveradecadeofParalympiantrainingexperience,praisedher“focus,drive,andmaturity”.NowanambassadorforHollandBloorviewChildren’sRehabilitationHospital,Haasechampionsinclusivity,inspiringotherstoaccepttheirpotential.CoachWestmanpredictsshe’llbecomeahouseholdname,notonlyforherathleticexcellencebutforherinfectiousenthusiasmforlife.Herstoryhighlightsthepowerofself-love,support,andanunyieldingspirit,urgingotherstocelebrateuniquenessandunlocktheirboundlesspotential.“Iwantpeopletofeelempowered,”sheaffirms.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutHaasefromparagraph1?A.Shegainedremarkableresultsdespiteshorttraining.B.Hermedalscamefrommanyyearsoffocusedpractice.C.Hertrainingcovereddifferentfieldsfromanearlyage.D.Shestressedmoreonhardtrainingthanimprovingskills.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anchor”inparagraph3referto?A.Anoticeablepride. B.Acompetitivechallenge.C.Areminderofduty. D.Asourceofstrength.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSheriaunaHaase?A.Confidentandreserved. B.Independentandhumble.C.Talentedandtough-minded. D.Knowledgeableandinspiring.27.WhatcanbelearnedfromSheriaunaHaase’sstory?A.Talentinafieldisthekeytosuccess. B.Disabilitiessetboundariestoourlife.C.Self-acceptancehelpstobeatbarriers. D.Achievementsresultfromcreativity.【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是SheriaunaHaase如何通过自我接纳和坚韧不拔的精神，在残疾人运动、舞蹈及表演领域取得非凡成就的故事。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“InNovember2023,shesecureddualbronzemedalsinthe100mand200mracesatSantiago’sParapanAmericanGames—astrikingachievementforateenwhobeganparaathleticstrainingjustoneyearearlier.(2023年11月，她在圣地亚哥举行的泛美运动会上获得了100米和200米的两枚铜牌——对于一个一年前才开始接受残奥会训练的青少年来说，这是一个惊人的成就。)”可知，Haase在开始残奥训练仅一年后就获得了两枚铜牌，这表明她在短时间内取得了显著的成就。故选A项。【25题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文的“butherfamily,especiallyhermother(但她的家人，尤其是她的母亲)”和下文的“TheytaughtmetolovemyselfasIam(他们教会我爱我自己)”可知，她的家人，尤其是她的母亲肯定是给她足够的支持和鼓励，成为她的精神支柱，所以划线单词“anchor”的意义为“精神支柱；靠山”。故选D项。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“InNovember2023,shesecureddualbronzemedalsinthe100mand200mracesatSantiago’sParapanAmericanGames—astrikingachievementforateenwhobeganparaathleticstrainingjustoneyearearlier.(2023年11月，她在圣地亚哥举行的泛美运动会上获得了100米和200米的两枚铜牌——对于一个一年前才开始接受残奥会训练的青少年来说，这是一个惊人的成就。)”可知，Haase有运动天赋。根据第二段的句子“Adancersinceagetwo,Haasechannelsself-expressionthroughmovement,landingrolesinTVserieslikeCircuitBreakersandTheNextStep.(哈斯从两岁起就开始跳舞，他通过动作来表达自我，在电视剧《熔断机制》和《下一步》中出演了角色。)”可知，Haase有表演天赋。根据第三段“Childhoodbullying(欺凌)onceshookherconfidence,butherfamily,especiallyhermother,becameheranchor.“TheytaughtmetolovemyselfasIam,”shesays.Thisself-acceptancefueledherdeterminationtomasterballetroutinesandsprintingtechniquesalike.(童年的欺凌曾经动摇过她的信心，但她的家人，尤其是她的母亲，成为了她的支柱。她说：“他们教会我爱我自己。这种自我接纳让她下定决心要掌握芭蕾套路和短跑技术。)”和最后一段的句子“Herstoryhighlightsthepowerofself-love,support,andanunyieldingspirit,urgingotherstocelebrateuniquenessandunlocktheirboundlesspotential.(她的故事强调了自爱、支持和不屈不挠的精神的力量，敦促其他人庆祝独特性，释放他们无限的潜力。)”可知，Haase意志坚定。故选C项。【27题详析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第三段的句子““TheytaughtmetolovemyselfasIam,”shesays.Thisself-acceptancefueledherdeterminationtomasterballetroutinesandsprintingtechniquesalike.(她说：“他们教会我爱我自己。这种自我接纳让她下定决心要掌握芭蕾套路和短跑技术。)”和最后一段的句子“Herstoryhighlightsthepowerofself-love,support,andanunyieldingspirit,urgingotherstocelebrateuniquenessandunlocktheirboundlesspotential.(她的故事强调了自爱、支持和不屈不挠的精神的力量，敦促其他人庆祝独特性，释放他们无限的潜力。)”可知，Haase的故事强调了自我接纳和韧性在克服障碍中的重要性。她的成功不仅在于她的天赋，还在于她对自我的接纳和积极的心态。故选C项。CThebodyclockreallymeanscircadianrhythms(昼夜节律).Thesearethebody’sinternalbiologicalpacemakersthathelpusadjusttothephasesofa24-hourday.Studiesofnight-shiftparticipantshavelinkeddisruptions(紊乱)incircadianrhythmstocancerandotherdiseases.Muchoftheevidenceconcernedbreastcancerandtoalesserextentprostatecancer.Durationofshiftworkmadeadifference—participantswhoworkednightshiftsforupto30yearswereatmoderatelyincreasedriskforbreastcancercomparedwiththosewhodidshorterperiod,andthosewhoworkedsuchshiftsformorethan30yearshadthehighestrisk.In2019theWorldHealthOrganizationreconfirmedandupdatedaresearchstatementfromtheagencyshowingthatshiftworkisaprobablecause.Thecancerconnectioncomesaboutthroughseveralmechanisms.Circadiandisruptionaffectsthechemicalreactionsthatproduceenergyinthebody.Adulthumancellsdivideevery18to24hours,andonefunctionofthecircadianclockistotellcellstodothatatnighttoavoidDNAdamagefromsunlight.“Whentheclockgetsdisrupted,cellsdon’tknowwhentodivide,”saysSatchidanandaPanda,acircadianbiologistoftheSalkInstituteforBiologicalStudies.“Theycandividefasterandbecomeatumor(肿瘤).”Circadiandisruptionalsohappenswhenweconsistentlydon’tgetagoodnight’ssleep—scientistssaythiscanmeanwakingupfortwoorthreehoursbetween10P.M.and5A.M.atleastonceaweek.Wakefulepisodescanbecausedbyjetlag,stayingoutlate,orlookingatblue-light-emittingphonescreens,whicharesimilartodaylight,atnight.Whenandwhatweeatalsoinfluencesourrhythms,justaslightanddarkdo,soaddsnackingatmidnighttothelistofthingstoavoid.Forthosewhodon’tworkatnight,changingsomeroutinesmightbeenough.PandaandhiscolleaguesareinvestigatingapracticeknownasTime-RestrictedEating(TRE)oroccasionalfasting.Ina12-weekstudyoffirefighters,TREbenefitedtheirmetabolichealthandimprovedtheirsleep.Inmice,ithasbeenshowntoreducetheriskofcancerortoslowthegrowthoftumors.Maybe,Pandasays,“Respectingourcircadianrhythmscanhelpprotectourtime-sensitivebodies.”28.Whoismostlikelytosufferfromcanceraccordingtothetext?A.Anurseonthenightshiftfor25yearsB.Achefworkinginarestaurantfor40years.C.Aprogrammerstayingupallnightfor33years.D.Avolcanoexpertexploringinthewildfor35years.29.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thecausesofcircadiandisruption.B.Thefunctionofthecircadianclock.C.Thelinkbetweencircadiandisruptionandcancer.D.Thefrequencyofcelldivisioninthehumanbody.30.Whatcanbeconcludedfromparagraphs4and5?A.Eatinghabitscanaffectbodyrhythms.B.Goingonadietisamustforgoodhealth.C.Workinglateatnightrequiresextrameals.D.Exposuretodaylightcontributestobettersleep.31.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Howdoesthenightshiftgeneratecancer?B.Canwescheduleourcircadianrhythms?C.AdjustingourbodyclockmayavoidcancerD.ListeningtoourbodyandadoptingTREcount【答案】28.C29.C30.A31.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了昼夜节律紊乱与癌症风险的关系及调整方法。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Durationofshiftworkmadeadifference—participantswhoworkednightshiftsforupto30yearswereatmoderatelyincreasedriskforbreastcancercomparedwiththosewhodidshorterperiod,andthosewhoworkedsuchshiftsformorethan30yearshadthehighestrisk.(轮班工作的时长会产生影响——与轮班时长较短的参与者相比，上夜班长达30年的参与者患乳腺癌的风险适度增加，而那些上夜班超过30年的人风险最高)”可知，上夜班超过30年的人患癌风险最高。所以最有可能患癌症的是一位33年来彻夜未眠的程序员。故选C。【29题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Thecancerconnectioncomesaboutthroughseveralmechanisms.Circadiandisruptionaffectsthechemicalreactionsthatproduceenergyinthebody.Adulthumancellsdivideevery18to24hours,andonefunctionofthecircadianclockistotellcellstodothatatnighttoavoidDNAdamagefromsunlight.“Whentheclockgetsdisrupted,cellsdon’tknowwhentodivide,”saysSatchidanandaPanda,acircadianbiologistoftheSalkInstituteforBiologicalStudies.“Theycandividefasterandbecomeatumor(肿瘤).”(癌症与（昼夜节律紊乱）之间的关联是通过几种机制产生的。昼夜节律紊乱会影响在身体内产生能量的化学反应。成年人体细胞每18到24小时分裂一次，而生物钟的一项功能就是告诉细胞在夜间进行分裂，以避免阳光对DNA造成损伤。索尔克生物研究所的昼夜节律生物学家萨奇达南达・潘达表示：“当生物钟被打乱时，细胞就不知道何时该分裂了。它们会分裂得更快，进而形成肿瘤。”)”可知，第三段主要讲了昼夜节律紊乱与癌症之间的联系。故选C。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Whenandwhatweeatalsoinfluencesourrhythms,justaslightanddarkdo,soaddsnackingatmidnighttothelistofthingstoavoid.(我们进食的时间和食物种类同样会影响我们的昼夜节律，就如同白天和黑夜（对节律的影响）一样，所以要把午夜吃零食也列入需要避免的事项清单中)”可知，饮食习惯会影响身体节律。故选A。【31题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Thebodyclockreallymeanscircadianrhythms(昼夜节律).Thesearethebody’sinternalbiologicalpacemakersthathelpusadjusttothephasesofa24-hourday.(生物钟实际上指的是昼夜节律。这些是身体内部的生物起搏器，帮助我们适应一天24小时的不同阶段)”，第二段“Studiesofnight-shiftparticipantshavelinkeddisruptions(紊乱)incircadianrhythmstocancerandotherdiseases.(对夜班参与者的研究表明，昼夜节律紊乱与癌症和其他疾病有关)”以及最后一段“Maybe,Pandasays,“Respectingourcircadianrhythmscanhelpprotectourtime-sensitivebodies.”(也许，潘达说，“尊重我们的昼夜节律可以帮助保护我们时间敏感的身体。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了昼夜节律紊乱与癌症风险的关系及调整方法，故C选项“Adjustingourbodyclockmayavoidcancer(调整我们的生物钟可能避免癌症)”最符合文章标题。故选C。DThepollutantschokingourskiesaren’tjustahealthrisk;theyalsocauseuglystainsonbuildings.Totacklethis,chemistshavebeenworkingforyearsonaspecialtypeofpaintthatnotonlycancleanitselfbutalsomayremovepollutantsfromtheair.Thistechnologyusestitaniumoxidenanoparticles(纳米颗粒)thatjump-startchemicalreactions.WhenanartificialUV(紫外线的)lightsourceshinesonthepaint,thenanoparticlesreactwithpollutantstomakethembreakdown—theoreticallyremovingthemfromnearbyair.Companiesalreadyoffertheseso-calledphotocatalytic(光催化的)paints,butsomechemistsremaincautiousabouttheproducts’effectivenessandsustainability.Forarecentstudy,researchersdevelopedanewphotocatalyticpaintthattheyclaimworksusingUVraysfromordinarysunlight,makingitsself-cleaningpropertieseasiertoactivate.They’vealsoshowntheycaneffectivelyproducethispaintfromrecycledmaterials.“Wedothisbyusingwastematerialfromindustryandalsousingfallenleaves,whichareorganicwaste,”saysstudyco-authorQaisarMaqbool.Inphotocatalysis,UVlightexcitestheelectronsinthetitaniumoxidenanoparticles,whichinteractwithairbornewatermoleculestoproducehighlyreactivehydroxylradicals.Theseunstablechemicalsattackpollutantsthatcomeincontactwiththepaint,changingthemintolessharmfulsubstancessuchascarbondioxideandwater.Theresearchteamaddedsomechemicalelementstothenanoparticles’structure,whichreducedtheamountofenergyneededtosparkthereactionandletitworkviaordinarysunlight.“Itisbettertobeabletousesolarlighttoactivate,asthepaintcanworkpassively,byitself,”saysAntonio.Butareal-worldsettingwouldprobablyreduceitseffectiveness,headds,“Underlaboratoryconditions,itisaverysmallscale,andeverythingisverywellcontrolled—alltheparameters,suchastemperature,humidity,ortheconcentrationofpollutants—butyouwillnevergetthoseresultsatarealscale.”“Ithinkit’saveryfundamentalstudy,”saysco-authorGüntherRupprechter.Futureresearchwillconfirmhoweffectivelypollutantsareneutralized(中和)fromtheairitself.“Wedon’tclaimthatwecanremoveallpollutantsfromair,”hesays,“butoverall,itlookspromising.”32.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecomponentsofthepaint. B.Theworkingprincipleofthepaint.C.Theapplicationsofthepaint. D.Thedoubtsonthepaint’susage.33.Howisthepaint’ssustainabilityimproved?A.Byimprovingpollutantabsorptioncapacity.B.Byboostingpollutantbreakdownefficiency.C.ByincreasingresistancetoordinaryUVdamage.D.Byusingeco-friendlymaterialsandnaturalsunlight.34.Whatlimitsthepaint’sreal-worldeffectiveness?A.Highproductioncosts. B.Limitedpollutanttypes.C.Uncontrolledconditions. D.Relianceonorganicmaterials.35.Whatdoesthetextmainlyconvey?A.Howthenewpaint’sfuturelookslike. B.Howtodesigneco-friendlybuildings.C.Howtoproducetheself-cleaningpaint. D.Howself-cleaningpaintfightspollutants.【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.D【语篇解读】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们对于一种不仅可以自清洁，还可以清除空气中的污染物的特殊涂料所做的研究。【32题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thistechnologyusestitaniumoxidenanoparticlesthatjump-startchemicalreactions.WhenanartificialUVlightsourceshinesonthepaint,thenanoparticlesreactwithpollutantstomakethembreakdown—theoreticallyremovingthemfromnearbyair.(这项技术使用氧化钛纳米颗粒来启动化学反应。当人造紫外线光源照射到涂料上时，纳米颗粒与污染物发生反应，使其分解——理论上可以把它们从附近的空气中去除。)”可知，该段主要讲述了这种涂料的工作原理。故选B。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Forarecentstudy,researchersdevelopedanewphotocatalyticpaintthattheyclaimworksusingUVraysfromordinarysunlight,makingitsself-cleaningpropertieseasiertoactivate.They’vealsoshowntheycaneffectivelyproducethispaintfromrecycledmaterials.(在最近的一项研究中，研究人员开发了一种新的光催化涂料，他们声称这种涂料可以利用来自普通阳光的紫外线，使其自清洁特性更容易被激活。他们还展示了他们可以有效地用回收材料生产这种涂料。)”可知，这种涂料可以使用环保的回收材料和自然阳光，从而提高了它的可持续性。故选D。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段Antoio的话“Underlaboratoryconditions,itisaverysmallscale,andeverythingisverywellcontrolled—alltheparameters,suchastemperature,humidity,ortheconcentrationofpollutants—butyouwillnevergetthoseresultsatarealscale.(在实验室条件下，这是一个非常小的规模，一切都被控制得很好——所有的参数，比如温度、湿度或污染物的浓度——但你永远无法在实际规模上得到这些结果。)”可知，实验室条件下，一切都被控制得很好，而现实世界中条件无法得到控制，这就限制了涂料的有效性。故选C。【35题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Totacklethis,chemistshavebeenworkingforyearsonaspecialtypeofpaintthatnotonlycancleanitselfbutalsomayremovepollutantsfromtheair.(为了解决这个问题，化学家们多年来一直在研究一种特殊的涂料，这种涂料不仅可以自我清洁，还可以去除空气中的污染物。)”和最后一段“Futureresearchwillconfirmhoweffectivelypollutantsareneutralizedfromtheairitself.“Wedon’tclaimthatwecanremoveallpollutantsfromair,”hesays,“butoverall,itlookspromising.”(未来的研究将证实如何有效地从空气中中和污染物。他说：“我们并不是说我们可以去除空气中的所有污染物，但总的来说，这看起来很有希望。”)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有着自清洁功能的涂料是如何去除空气中的污染物的。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Pilates,developedbyJosephPilatesintheearly20thcentury,hasgainedwides