选修unit1词汇导学案

Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1.means/way/method【解释】means“方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段。（单复数相同）way“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。短语搭配：1.做……的方法：awaytodosth.／awayofdoingsth./amethodofdoingsth.；2.用这种／些方法：____thisway/_____themethod/___thismeans；3.用……方法，借助……：____________;4.byallmeans_____________；5.一点也不，决不(用于句首句子需倒装)：_________；6.bytheway_________；7.___________________在去……的路上；inthe\one’sway_______________.【练习】用means，way，method填空。1).Thesevegetablescanbecookedindifferent_______.2).Onlyinthis_______canyoufindoutthetruth.3).Bythis_______Igetintouchwithhim.4).Weexpressourthoughtsby_______ofwords.5).____________________shallIlendhimmoney!6).Themethodsof_______(teach)need_______(improve).2.percent/percentagepercent表示“百分之……”，相当于“％”，其前面往往是一个具体的数字。percentage表示“百分比；百分率”，前面不能是具体数字，只能被high，low等修饰。【练习】用percent，percentage填空。1).Iamahundred________inagreementwithyou.2).Thiscompanyonlysupply30________ofwhatweneed.3).Thenumbersaresmall,in_________terms,butsignificant.4).Thereusedtobeahigh_________ofbabiesthatdietscarletfevereveryyear.3.obvious/apparent/evident/clearobvious意为“某东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物”。apparent意为“表面看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此”。evident意为“有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显”。clear意为“不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素”。【练习】用obvious，apparent，evident，clear填空。1).Itwasan________mistakeforhimtohavegonealone.2).Thesituationis________toeveryone.3).Itwasbecomingincreasingly_________thathedislikedme.4).Theapplausemadeit_________thattheplaywasahit.4.hire/employ/rent【解释】hire是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指临时租用某物。如：hireaboat，acar，acamera，abicycle，aneveningdress，ahallforameeting等，指人时，有“雇用”、“受雇”两种含义。employ较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高的职业人员，有“聘请”之义；也可以解释为“忙于，从事”常用于beemployedinsth./doingsth.短语中。注：要弄清employ几个名词的用法：employee(雇工，雇员)，employer(户主，东家)，employment(就业，雇用)。rent一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)；也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指用于长时间的场合。如：rentahouse，aflat，aTV等。rent还可作名词，意为“租金；租费”。【练习】用hire，employ，rent填空。1).Ourhousehasbeen________byanewly-marriedcouple.2).It’simportantto________properwordsinwritingpoem.3).They_________________inwritingwhenIcame.4).They________outboatsbythehour.5).We________adrivertotakeusonatourofthecity.Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1.electvt.选举，推举；选择vi.进行选举，作出选择n.________选举，推举，当选adj._________可任意选择的n.选修科目2.immigratevi.移入n.______________移民入境immigrantn._____________3.racen.赛跑；竞争；人种v.参赛adj.________人种的，种族的racismn._______________4.apparentadj.显然的，明白的，表面上的adv._________显然,表面上地5.punishmentn.罚，刑罚vt.__________惩罚，处罚【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1).InAmerica,presidential________(elect)areheldeveryfouryears.2).Theydeserveto________(punish)forputtingpassengersatrisk.3).Shehadtotidytheclassroomas________(punish)forbeinglate.4).ShewasthedaughterofChinese________(immigrate)toAmerica.5).Therewasasuddenincrease________(immigrate)infromEasternEurope.6).Heisavictimof________(race)discrimination.7).Sheturnedtofacehim,heranger________(apparent)gone.8).Theirmotives,aswillsoonbecome_______(apparently),arecompletelyselfish.Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）majorityn.大多数；大半majoradj.&n.较大的，主要的；主修，专攻(反义词___________少数；少数民族)1).A/Themajorityofdoctorsagreethatsmokingisextremelyharmfultohealth.____________________________________________。2).Themajoritywas/wereinfavouroftheproposal.________________________。beinthe/amajority构成大部分/大多数 amajorityoversb超过对方的票数[练习]按要求填空或翻译。1).Englishspeakersformthe________(大多数)ofthepopulation.2).Amongthemembersofthecommitteethosewhofavourtheproposedchangesare_______(介词)themajority.3).Theyhadalargemajority_______(介词)theotherpartyatthelastelection.4).Themajorityofpeople_________(prefer)peacetowar.5).Themajorityofthedamage_________(be)easytorepair.2.applicantn.申请人n._________申请(书)；应用；用途v._________申请；运用，适用1).Wehad250applicantsforthejob.___________________________________。2).Asthewageswerelow,therewerefewapplicantsforthejob.因为工资低,没有什麽人申请这份工作。[重点用法]applyfor...申请……applyto...适用……fillintheapplicationformforsth.填写……申请表[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Successful_________(apply)willreceivenotificationwithintheweek.2).Thisrulecan’tbeapplied________(介词)everycase.3).Youshould________________(申请)thejobimmediately,inpersonorbyletter.4).Thequestioninthesecondhalfoftheform_________________(适用)marriedmenonly.3.occurvi.发生；出现；存在1).Thetragedyoccurredonlyminutesaftertake-off.________________________________。2).Didn’titoccurtoyouthathemightbelate?你当时没有想到他可能会迟到吗?[重点用法]occurto...(主意)浮现于脑海中；被想到；被想起；（某人）想到……[练习]根据句子的意思填空或翻译。1).Thepossibilitythatshemightbewrongnevereven________________her.2).Agoodidea______________him.3)._________________________________(他从没想到)hemightbefallinginlovewithher.4.indicatevt.指出；标示；表明n.___________指出；表明adj._________指示的；暗示的1).Iaskedhimwheremysisterwasandheindicatedtheshopopposite._____________________.2).Researchindicatesthatmenfinditeasiertogiveupsmokingthanwomen.________________[重点用法]indicatesth(tosb)指示；指出；标示 indicatethat/wh-表示…；示意……[练习]根据句子的意思，在括号里填入适当的词。1).Thegovernmenthas________(表明)thatitintendstocuttaxes.2).Aflashingredlight________(标示)thatastretchofroadwasundergoingrepairs.3).Thereisevery________(indicate)ofachangeintheweather.5.slipvi.滑动；滑行；滑跤n.滑倒；小过失；失误slipperyadj.滑溜的1).MyfootslippedandInearlyfell.__________________________。2).Sheslippedintotheroomwhennoonewaslooking.______________________________。letslip...错过……；无意中说出letsth.slipthroughyourfingers错过(机会)，失去(机会)aslipofthetongue口误[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).She________________(无意中说出)thatshewasintendingtoleavethecompany.2).Astheyears_________by,Ithoughtmoreandmoreabouthim.3).Driveverycarefully;theroadsarewetand________(slip).6.insertvt.插入，嵌入[典例]Heinsertedakeyintoalock.________________________________。[重点用法]insertsth(in/into/betweensth)插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某两物间[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。1).Sheinsertedanadditionalparagraph________anessay.2).Insertyourfingers________thelayersandpressthemapart.Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1.liveon___________[典例]Shelivedonformanyyearsafterherhusbanddied._____________________。[短语归纳]live短语：Liveonsth以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活 livebydoingsth靠做某事物为生liveforsth以某事物为生活目标 livethroughsth___________________liveuptosth依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准livewithsb.\sth_____________________________ livetobe...=livetotheageof...活到……岁livea...life________________[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的live短语。1).Thelonelyoldman______________charity.2).Mozartisdeadbuthismusic______________.3).Mygrandfather______________bothworldwars.4).Weshouldworkhardandtryto_____________________ourparents’expectations.5).Thebravegirlislearningto______________herdisability.2.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等TheysettleddowninCanadaandmadealifeforthemselves._________________________.[短语归纳]life短语：bringsb/sth(back)tolife___________________laydownone’slife(forsb/sth)为……献身；leadadog’slife过狗一般的生活（长期忧虑、痛苦或悲伤）a/sb’swayoflife_______________________awalkoflife行业；职业；[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。1).Helaiddownhislife_______thecauseoffreedom.2).Theyinterviewpeoplefrom____________________________(各行各业的人).3).SheadaptedeasilytotheFrench_____________________(生活方式).3.keepup坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉1).You’realldoingasplendidjob;keepupthegoodwork!__________________________!2).Idohopewe’renotkeepingyouup.___________________________。[短语归纳]keep短语：keepupwithsb/sth._________________keep(on)doingsth._____________________keepawayfrom_____________________ keepsth.back_________________________keeponeself/sbfromsth/doingsth.________________keepsthfromsb不将某事告诉某人keepoff(sb/sth)_______________keepsb/sthout(ofsth)不让某人/物进入（某处）__________________________保持与某人的联系 ____________保持健康[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1).Thehighcostofrawmaterialsiskeepingprices_______(副词).2).Shelikestokeepup_______(介词)thelatestfashions.3).Thehouseisbecomingtooexpensiveforthemto________________(维修).4).Weshouldtryto________________(沿袭)ouroldcustoms.5).Policewarnedbystandersto________________(不靠近)theblazingbuilding.6).Ithinkweoughtto________________________________(不把实情告诉他)untilhe’sbetter.4.teamupwith（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作[典例]Thetwocompanieshaveteameduptodevelopanewracingcar.____________________[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。He_____________________(与某人一起工作)hisbrotherinthedoubles.5.markout划线标出……界线[典例]Pleasemarkoutthesentencesthatyoudon’tunderstandwitharedpen.______________.bemarkedwith...标记着……[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1).I’velostacase______________(标记着)“IX”onitsback.2).Shecarefully______________(划线标出)theimportantphrasesandsentencepatterns.6.takein_____________________________________ 1).Thestudentsfinditeasytotakeinwhatyouteach._____________________________2).Hehadnowheretosleepsoweofferedtotakehimin.__________________________.[短语归纳]take短语：takeapart____________________ takedown________________________takeback____________________ takecareof_______________________takeup______________________ takemedicine______________________takeiteasy____________________ takeover__________________________takeoff_______________________ takeon___________________________