医学影像学总论课件

医学影像学总论52809

医学影像学总论医学影像学总论52809MedicalImaging

医学影像学●WilhelmConradRoentgen,X-ray,1895●DiagnosticRadiology放射诊断

ConventionalX-rayimagingX-raycomputedtomography,CTDigitalsubtractionangiography●DiagnosticImaging影像诊断

Incl.MRI,Ultrasonography,Nuclearimaging●InterventionalRadiology介入放射

医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809I.ConventionalX-RayImaging常规X线X-rays

X线

X-raysareaformofelectromagneticradiationorenergyofextremelyshortwavelength(0.0006~50nm)0.031~0.008nmProductionofX-rayX线的产生

(1)Freeelectrons(2)Highvelocity(3)Suddenstopontarget(1)X-raytube(2)Transformers(3)Console医学影像学总论52809CharacteristicsofX-Ray

X线的特征Penetration穿透性Fluorescenteffect荧光效应

screencoatedwithasubstance(phosphor)imageamplificationPhotographiceffect感光效应

emulsioncontainingsilverbromide,ionic>metallicIonizationeffect电离效应医学影像学总论52809FundamentalsofX-RayImagingX线诊断的基础X-raycharacteristicsDensitiesandthicknessofhumanbodyHighdensityMediumdensityLowdensity医学影像学总论52809MethodsofExamination

检查方法●SimpleX-rayexaminationFluoroscopyRadiography

医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809MethodsofExamination

检查方法●SpecialX-rayexaminationTomographyMammographyOthers医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809MethodsofExamination

检查方法●ContrastExaminationContrastmediumIntroductionReactions医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809ProperSelectionofExaminations

合理检查DiagnosispurposeAvoidunnecessaryexpenditure医学影像学总论52809X-RayDiagnosisandAnalysis

X线诊断和分析ThoroughobservationExactanalysisSiteanddistribution,number,size,shape,density,outline,etc.Theessenceoflesionsdiseases/signsCorrelatedwiththeclinicaldata医学影像学总论52809ProtectionfromX-Ray

X线防护ShouldnotbeoverlookedUnnecessaryfearshouldnotbebourninmind医学影像学总论52809II.X-RayComputedTomography

CTHounsfield1969Clinicalapplication1972Nobelprize1979医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809Principle原理Analog/digitalconverterVoxel,digitalmatrixDigital/analogconverterPixel,CTimage医学影像学总论52809CTEquipment

CT装置RegularCTScanner,computer,imagingscantime,resolution,functionSpiralCTTubercontinuousrotationTablecontinuousmovingMultiple-slicespiralCTElectronBeamCT医学影像学总论52809CTimageCT影像Matrix矩阵SpatialresolutionGrayscale灰阶DensityresolutionHounsfieldunit(HU)Serialtomographicimages系列断层医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809CTTechniques

CT技术PlainCTscanContrastenhancementCTHighresolutionCTNewtechniquesRenderingtechniqueEndoscopy医学影像学总论5280964层CT容积采集volumemultisliceCTacquisition

医学影像学总论52809Normal3DVRTandMIPofthelung医学影像学总论52809AnalysisandDiagnosisofCTimagesCT诊断和分析WindowtechnicSerialslicesDensity,CTvalueEnhancementOtherssimilartoconventionalX-rayimages医学影像学总论52809ValueofCTimaging

CT影像的价值CentralnervoussystemHeadandNeckChestAbdomenMusculoskeletal医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809III.DigitalSubtractionAngiography(DSA)

数字减影血管造影IntroductionDigitalfluorographyADCSubtractionTechniquesIntra-arterialDSAIntravenousDSA医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809ClinicalApplication临床应用SubstituteregularangiographyInterventionalprocedures医学影像学总论52809IV.Ultrasonography超声BriefIntroduction医学影像学总论52809Tumorofurinarybladder医学影像学总论52809V.MagneticResonanceImaging(MRI)磁共振成像1930sI.I.Rabi1946Purcell,Bloch1952NobelPrize1971Damadian1973Lauterbur1974mouseimaging1978Mallard,Hutchison,Lauterbur1980CommercialMRscanner医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809Physicalfoundations

物理基础Longitudinalmagnetization纵向磁化Transversemagnetization横向磁化Longitudinalrelaxation纵向驰豫Transverserelaxation横向驰豫Longitudinalrelaxationtime(0>63%),T1Transverserelaxationtime(m>37%),T2医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809PhysicalfoundationsRadiofrequency(RF)pulse射频脉冲RFsequence射频序列Repetitiontime(TR)重复时间Echotime(TE)回波时间T1-weightedimagingT1加权像T2-weightedimagingT2加权像PD-weightedimaging质子加权像医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809Magnet磁体PermanentmagnetResistivemagnetSuperconductingmagnet医学影像学总论52809Coil线圈GradientcoilVolumecoilSurfacecoil医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809CharacteristicsofMRI

磁共振成像的特征Multipleparameters多参数Multipleorientations多方向Flowvoidphenomenon流空现象Protonrelaxationenhancementeffect质子驰豫增强效应Contrastenhancement增强医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809医学影像学总论52809Techniques技术PulsesequencesFatsuppressionContrastenhancementMR