北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语（含答案）

北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语一、第一部分知识运用（共两节,30分）第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Tenyearsago,IhadjuststartedmyfirstjobasaMedicalRepresentativeinasmalltowninIndia—butwas1．everymomentofit.Ihadthe2．topromoteandgetsalesregardlessofwhethertherewasaneed3．frommyoriginalplanofpursuing(追求)aPh.Dinformydrugsornot.Tomakemattersworse,Iwasbiology.Allthesethoughtswerecrowdingthroughmymind,asIwasdrivingmyscooteraroundthetownvisitingonedoctorafteranother.Atoneofthetrafficlights,Ihitaredandhadtowaitforthesignaltoturngreen.Inoticedthattherewasahugerocklyingnearthesquare—aresultofsomebody'scarelessness.Yetnobodythoughtitvehiclesandmovetherocktotheedgeoftheroadwhereitwouldlie,harmless.4．togetoutoftheSuddenlyInoticedayoungkidcrawlinghiswayacrosstheothersideoftheroad.Hemusthavehadaseriousinfectionofpolio(小儿麻痹症)whenhewasababy.Hewascrawlingonbothhishandsand5．hisbodybehindhim.Thisguycameuptotherockwithalookonhisfaceshowingthathedidnotbelieveinhishandicap(残疾).Hewaslookingatthatrockwith6．—asifsayingtothestone"Youareaninstrumentofmywill."He7．topushtherocktothesideoftheroad.Icanneverforgetthatlookofprideonhisface,showingthathehassomethingthatable-bodiedpeoplelikemewereavoidingdoing.8．Andlookingatthiskidforthisbrieftime,IwasremindedhowsmallmytroubleswereinrespecttohisandhowmuchIwasworryingaboutthem.SincethenIhavenever9．.IdidpursuemydreamoffinishingaPh.Dinthebiologicalsciences.To10．,thisistheovation(鼓掌)Iwishtogive—thoughbelatedly.thatunknownmessengerofhopeand1．A．expecting2．A．pressure3．A．passing4．A．difficult5．A．dragging6．A．anxietyC．confusionB．regrettingB．desireC．missingD．wonderingD．chanceC．pleasureC．departingC．possibleC．liftingB．developingB．dangerousB．shapingD．startingD．worthwhileD．foldingB．determinationD．amazement7．A．plannedB．failedC．learntD．managed第1页8．A．recalledB．consideredC．preservedB．givenupD．workedoutC．courageD．accomplished9．A．calmeddownC．brokenin10．A．cooperationB．generosityD．enthusiasm二、第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。In2023,13.9millionpeopleꢀ11．ꢀ(visit)theSpain'sCanaryIslands—that'ssixtimesmorethanꢀalltourismbecauseitthenumberofpeoplewhoactuallylivethere.Localssaytheyarenotꢀ12．createsjobsandmoney,buttheywanttheirgovernmenttoputalimitonthenumberoftourists.Theythinkthegovernmentshouldworkouthowmanytouristscanbesupported,sothattheCanariescanbecomeanexampleofꢀ13．ꢀ(sustain)tourism.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Inspring,thousandsofbirdsflynorthtobreedinSiberia.Somebirdseatgrassshootsꢀ14．ꢀstarttogrowatthebeginningoftheseason.Thisfoodsourceisonlyavailableforafewweeksꢀ(cause)byclimatechangecansometimesmakethegrassgrowearlierthanandrisingtemperaturesꢀ15．usual.Thismeansthatsomebirdsarearrivingtoolatetoeatthegrass,ꢀ16．foodsource.Asmoreandmorelandisusedforfarming,thenaturalwetlandsꢀ17．foodaredisappearingtoo.ꢀ(leave)themwithoutaꢀbirdsliketosearchfor阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。DylanAllman,aged18,recentlyreceivedanawardforhisworktoprotecthedgehogs(刺猬).Theawardꢀꢀ(go)toinspiringpeoplewhomakechangesintheircommunity.Allman'smissionstartedfouryearsagoꢀꢀhebecameinterestedinthenumberofhedgehogsinhisgarden.Earlierthisyear,helauncheda18．19．program,inwhichateamofvolunteersrescuedinjuredhedgehogsinpartsofWales.Allmanalsovisitedschoolstoteachpeopleabouthedgehogsandraisedmoneyꢀ20．ꢀ(support)animalrescuecenters.三、第二部分阅读理解（共两节,38分）第一节（共14小题;每小题2分,共28分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。2024HarvardWinterPrograminShanghaiChinaThecityofShanghaihasbroughttogetherdiversepeoples,cultures,andeconomiesfromvariouspartsofChinaandaroundtheworld.Blendingculturalstudieswithsocialsciences,2024HarvardWinterPrograminShanghai,Chinawillhelpyouunderstandthecity.Programdates:November8,2024toDecember21,2024Applyby:August25,2024第2页ProgramStructureThissix-weekprogramincludestwocoursesonShanghai'sculturalhistoryandeconomicdevelopmentexperiences.Youstarteachweekwithtwodaysofseminars(研讨会)designedtoletyouseeShanghaidifferently.OnWednesdaysandThursdays,thegroupmovestoafieldsiteforahands-onresearchpracticum(实践操作课)incompanies,governmentoffices,andcommunities.Overtheweekend,youtryyourownhandsatexploringthecityanditseconomy,workingoncreativeprojectsand/orresearchpapers,withaflexiblefinalprojectformatthataccommodatesstudentpriorities.Theprogramcountsastwosemester-longcoursesofdegreecredit(学分),4creditseach.BothprogramcoursescancounttowardsEastAsianStudiescredit.AccommodationsYouwillliveinanon-campushotelinoneofChina'smostdistinguishedacademicinstitutions.Hotelservicesincludewi-fi,dailyhousekeeping,safeforstorageofvaluables,cafeteriaandgym.Apartfromallthepracticalconveniencesofastudentdistrict,thecampusalsoofferslibraryaccessandwillbeanidealbaseforyourcreativeandresearchprojects.ApplicationToapply,youmust:•Beatleast18yearsold•Havecompletedatleastoneyearofcollege•BeingoodacademicstandingStudentsenrolledatanyuniversityarewelcometoapply.TheWinter2024applicationwillbeavailableinearlyJuly.Eachprogramhasuniquerequirementsincludedintheonlineapplication.Beginningyourapplicationearlyisthebestwaytoensurethatyouhavesufficienttimetoreviewandcompletetheapplicationrequirementsbythedeadline.Ifyouhavequestionsabouttheapplication,pleasecontacttheHarvardStudyAbroadOfficebyemailatwinterabroad@.21．Ifyoutake2024HarvardWinterProgram,you____.A．willliveinahotelnearHarvardcampusB．willspendtwelvedaysintotalonseminarsC．canget4creditstowardsEastAsianStudiesD．mustcompletearesearchpaperforaproject22．Ifyouwanttoapplyforthisprogram,youmust____.A．beahighschoolsenior第3页B．havereceivedhands-ontrainingC．haveworkexperienceincompaniesD．finishnolessthanoneyearofcollege23．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tostressthevalueoftakingawinterprogram.B．Toattractmorepeopletoapplyforawinterprogram.C．ToshareamemorableexperienceatHarvardUniversity.D．TointroducerequirementsforafinalprojectatHarvardUniversity.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。"Abirdwithabrokenwingwillneverflyashigh."I'msurethatT.J.Warewasmadetofeelthiswayalmosteverydayinschool.Byhighschool,T.J.wasthemostcelebratedtroublemakerinhistown.Hewasalwaysimpolite,didn'tanswerquestionsandgotintolotsoffights.ImetT.J.forthefirsttimeataweekendleadershipprogram.Atthestartoftheprogram,T.J.wasliterallystandingoutsidethecircleofstudentswiththat"goahead,impressme"lookonhisface.Theicereallymelted(融化)whenthegroupsstartedbuildingalistofpositiveandnegativethingsthatoccurredatschoolthatyear.T.J.hadbrilliantthoughtsonthosesituations.TheotherstudentsinT.J.'sgroupwelcomedhiscomments.AllofasuddenT.J.feltlikeapartofthegroup,andbeforelonghewasbeingtreatedlikealeader.Thenextfollowingdays,T.J.wasveryactiveinallthesessions.LaterhejoinedtheHomelessProjectteam.Heknewsomethingaboutpoverty,hungerandhopelessness.Theotherstudentsontheteamwereimpressedwithhispassionateconcernandideas.Bytheendoftheprogram,thestudentselectedT.J.co-chairmanoftheteam.Manypeoplecouldn'tbelievethattheprincipal(校长)wouldallowthiscrucialbeginningtoathree-yearactionplantostayintheincapablehandsofT.J.Ware.Twoweekslater,T.J.andhisfriendsledagroupof70studentsinadrivetocollectfood.Theycollectedaschoolrecord:2,854cansoffoodinjusttwohours.Asthelocalnewspapercoveredtheeventwithafullarticle,T.J.startedshowingupatschooleverydayandansweredquestionsfromteachersforthefirsttime.Later,heledasecondproject,yielding9,000cansoffoodinonedayandtakingcareof70percentoftheneededfoodforthehomelessshelterforoneyear.T.J.remindsusthatabirdwithabrokenwingonlyneedsmending.Butonceithashealed,itcanflyhigherthantherest.T.J.gotajob.Hebecameproductive.Heisflyingquitenicelythesedays.24．Atfirst,whatwasT.J.knownforinthetown?A．Misbehaviorandrudeness.B．Popularityinhisgroup.C．Pooracademicperformance.D．Activenessinclassdiscussion.第4页25．WhatchangedT.J.'sattitudetowardstheprogram?A．Gettingsupportfromtheprincipal.B．JoiningtheHomelessProjectteam.C．Beingtheco-chairmanoftheteam.D．Gaininggroupmembers'recognition.26．Whatcanbelearntfromthestory?A．Liketeacher,likepupil.B．Neverfishintroubledwater.C．Donotjudgeabookbyitscover.D．Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Foryears,scientistshavebeentryingtofigureoutwhether"brainworkouts"suchaspuzzles(字谜)andonlinecognitivegamescouldstrengthenourmindsandslowtheprocessofaging.Now,astudyhasfoundthatregularlyattemptingacrosswordmayhelpslowdeclineinsomepeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment(障碍),anearlystageoffalteringmemorythatcansometimesprogresstodementia(痴呆症).Whilethestudydidn'tinvestigatewhethercrosswordsbenefityoungeradultswhoarenotdealingwithcognitivedecline,itsuggeststhatkeepingyourmindactiveasyouagemaybenefityourbrain.Andtheresearchoffershopetothosediagnosedwithmildcognitiveimpairmentthattheymaybeabletostaveofffurtherdeclinesinthememory,languageproblemsanddecision-makingthatarethehallmarkofthecondition.TheAmericanAcademyofNeurologyestimatesthatmildcognitiveimpairmentaffectsabout8percentofpeopleages65to69;10percentofpeopleages70to74;15percentofpeopleages75to79;25percentofthoseages80to84;andabout37percentofpeople85andolder.Theresearch,whichwasfundedbytheNationalInstituteonAging,recruited107adultsages55to95withmildcognitiveimpairment.For12weeks,theywereallaskedtoplayoneoftwotypesofgames,fourtimesaweek—spendingeither30minutesonLumosity,apopularcognitivetrainingplatform,or30minutesattemptingadigitalcrossword.After12weeks,theparticipantswerereevaluatedandgiven"booster"dosesofgameplaysixmoretimesduringthe78-weekexperiment.Bytheendofthestudy,participantsweregivenstandardassessmentsusedtomeasurecognitivedecline,andfriendsandfamilyreportedontheirday-to-dayfunctioning.MRIscansalsowereusedtomeasurebrainvolumechanges.Researchersfoundthatinkeymeasurements—cognitivedeclinescores,functionalskillsandbrainvolumechanges—theregularcrosswordplayersfaredbetterthanthegameplayers.第5页Thefindingsurprisedthescientistsbehindthestudywhohadexpectedthatchallengingweb-basedbraingames,whichwerespecificallydesignedtoboostcognitivefunction,wouldofferthemostbenefit."Ourstudyshowsthatinpeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment,crosswordpuzzlesbeatthecomputerizedgamesonmultiplemetrics,"saidMuraliDoraiswamy,aco-authorofthestudy."So,ifyouhavemildcognitiveimpairment,whichisdifferentfromnormalaging,thentherecommendationwouldbetokeepyourbrainactivewithcrosswordpuzzles."PeoplewithhigherdegreesofcognitiveimpairmentappearedtobenefitthemostfromdoingthecrosswordwhichwasdesignedtobeamoderatelydifficultpuzzlecomparabletotheThursdaygame.Thestudyhaslimitations.Someoftheparticipantsmayhavejustbeenmorefamiliarwithcrosswordsandthat'swhytheyrespondedbettertothepuzzlesthantoLumosity'scomputergames.Moreyearsoffollow-upalsoareneededtodeterminewhetherinterventionssuchascrosswordpuzzlescan"trulypreventdementia,"Doraiswamysaid.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"staveoff"inParagraph3probablymean?A．Promote.B．Prevent.C．Experience.D．Cause.28．Paragraph4iswrittento____.A．showaconcerningconditionC．presentreal-lifeexamplesB．comparedifferentgroupsD．proveanassumption29．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．One'sdegreeofcognitiveimpairmentdependsonhowoldheis.B．Solvingcrosswordpuzzlesisarecommendationtoelderlypeople.C．Theefficiencyofpuzzlesinpreventingdementiahasbeenproved.D．Crosswords'effectsarelinkedtohowseriouscognitiveimpairmentis.30．Whatmakesthefindingsofthestudyfarfromconclusive?A．Thelackofvariables.B．Theweaknessesofassessments.C．Theinsufficiencyoftimespan.D．Thesubjects'preferenceforgames.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APerspectivearticlepublishedinNaturethisweeksaysthatAIsystemsposeafurtherrisk:thatresearchersenvisionsuchtoolsaspossessedofsuperhumanabilitieswhenitcomestoobjectivity,productivityandunderstandingcomplexconcepts.ScientistsplanningtouseAI"mustevaluatetheserisksnow,whileAIapplicationsarestillnascent(未成熟的),becausetheywillbemuchmoredifficulttoaddressifAItoolsbecomedeeplyembeddedintheresearchpipeline",writeco-authorsLisaMesseriandMollyCrockett.第6页Inthisarticle,MesseriandCrockettputtogetherapictureofthewaysinwhichscientistsseeAIsystemsasenhancinghumancapabilities.Inone‘vision',whichtheycallAIasOracle,researchersseeAItoolsasabletotirelesslyreadanddigestscientificpapers,andsosurveythescientificliteraturemoreexhaustivelythanpeoplecan.InbothOracleandanothervision,calledAIasArbiter,systemsareperceivedasevaluatingscientificfindingsmoreobjectivelythandopeople,becausetheyarelesslikelytocherry-picktheliteraturetosupportadesiredhypothesisortoshowfavouritisminpeerreview.Inathirdvision,AIasQuant,AItoolsseemtosurpassthelimitsofthehumanmindinanalyzingvastandcomplexdata.Inthefourth,AIasSurrogate,AItoolssimulate(模拟)datathataretoodifficultorcomplextoobtain.Informedbyanthropologyandcognitivescience,MesseriandCrockettpredictrisksthatarisefromthesevisions.Oneistheillusionofexplanatorydepth,inwhichpeoplerelyingonanotherperson—or,inthiscase,analgorithm—forknowledgehaveatendencytomistakethatknowledgefortheirownandthinktheirunderstandingisdeeperthanitactuallyis.AnotherriskisthatresearchbecomesskewedtowardsstudyingthekindsofthingthatAIsystemscantest—theresearcherscallthistheillusionofexploratorybreadth.Forexample,insocialscience,thevisionofAIasSurrogatecouldencourageexperimentsinvolvinghumanbehaviorsthatcanbesimulatedbyanAI—anddiscouragethoseonbehaviorsthatcannot,suchasanythingthatrequiresbeingembodiedphysically.There'salsotheillusionofobjectivity,inwhichresearchersseeAIsystemsasrepresentingallpossibleviewpointsornothavingaviewpoint.Infact,thesetoolsreflectonlytheviewpointsfoundinthedatatheyhavebeentrainedon,andareknowntoadoptthebiases(偏见)foundinthosedata."There'sariskthatweforgetthattherearecertainquestionswejustcan'tanswerabouthumanbeingsusingAItools,"saysCrockett.Theillusionofobjectivityisparticularlyworryinggiventhebenefitsofincludingdiverseviewpointsinresearch.Ifyou'reascientistplanningtouseAI,youcanreducethesedangersthroughanumberofstrategies.Oneistomapyourproposedusetooneofthevisions,andconsiderwhichtrapsyouaremostlikelytofallinto.AnotherapproachistobedeliberateabouthowyouuseAI.DeployingAItoolstosavetimeonsomethingyourteamalreadyhasexpertiseinislessriskythanusingthemtoprovideexpertiseyoujustdon'thave,saysCrockett.31．AccordingtoParagraph2,whichmightscientistsagreewith?A．Humanintelligencecan'tbeovershadowedinanalyzingdata.B．PrejudicehasbeenruledoutbyAItoolsinscientificevaluation.C．Studieswithdesiredhypothesisareusuallyfavoredinpeerreview.D．AIcanconductarelativelythoroughoverviewofthepriorresearch.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"skewed"inParagraph4probablymean?A．Declining.B．Partial.C．Dynamic.D．Irrelevant.第7页33．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．RelyingonAItofillgapsintheteam'sknowledgeismuchpreferable.B．AIisn'tlimitedtotheoutlookandbiasespresentwithinitstrainingdata.C．InstantactionsmustbetakentorateAI'srisksbeforeitisfullyintegratedintoresearch.D．UserscountingheavilyonAItendtounderestimatetheirinsightofaconcept.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ACallforConsideredUseofAIinScienceB．TheUnseenBiasesofAIinSocialScienceC．AI'sRoleinEnhancingHumanExpertiseD．HowAIIsShapingScientificDiscovery四、第二节（共5小题;每小题2分,共10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howobjectiveareyou?Howoftenareyouover-reactingtosituations,takingthingspersonallyorjudgingpeopleunfairly?Wealldothisatsometimeoranother.ꢀ35．ꢀ.Understress,mostofusdrawsolelyonourpastexperiencesandbiases,whichcloudourabilitytoseethingsclearlyandmakesoundjudgments.Moreover,ourdesiretosucceedisoftensostrong,that,undertheseintensecircumstances,ourlimitingmentalmodelstendtogetinourway,creatingevenmorestressandcausingustoreactinwaysthatwemayregret.Ourabilitytobeobjectivedependsonourwillingnesstoquestionourmentalmodels,thelensthroughwhichweperceive,interpretandrespondtoourworld.Ifourmentalmodelsareincorrect,thenourunderstandingofwhatisgoingonandourresponsetoit,areoftenincorrect.ꢀ36．ꢀ.Thegoodnewsisthatwithpractice,wecaninterruptourautomaticreactions,andchooseadifferentresponse.Eachtimewedothis,wearere-wiringourneuralnetworkbycreatingnewpathwaysbasedonnewmodels:newwaysofperceivingandrespondingtoourworld.ꢀ37．Oneofthemostpowerfulmentalmodeltransformationcatalysts(催化剂)isnewknowledgeorlogicthatchallengeoldwaysofthinking.ꢀ38．ꢀThey'veusuallybeenwithusawhile,sowetendtotrustthem.Forꢀ.mostofus,wehaveneverbeentaughtaboutmentalmodelsandhowtoevaluatethemtodetermineiftheyarehelpfulorharmful.Totransformunproductivementalmodels,wemustchangeourmind!Wehavetodecide,throughourownlogicandreason,whetherourwayofseeingtheworldisnolongervalidforus.ꢀ39．ꢀItisinthewakeofthisnewknowledgethattransformationtakesplace.Atthatmoment,asetofnewconnectionsiscreatedinthebrain.It'sthesenewconnectionsthathavethepotentialtoenhanceourmentalresourcestohelpustransformlimitingmental第8页models.A.Wecanactuallylearntothinksmarter!B.Anobjectiveleadermustjudgeandtreatpeoplefairly.C.Thisrequiresthatwebeopentonewknowledgeandreasoning.D.Thekeyistoacceptaproblemasitoccursandnottakeitpersonally.E.Thisiswhywesometimesmisjudgesituationsandtakethingspersonally.F.Aswehaveseen,mentalmodelsaredeep—rootedbeliefswetendtoholdonto.G.Thechallengeisthatwhenweareunderpressure,wetendtobelessobjective.,3212小题;共12,在设空处填入恰当的单词。请在答题卡指定区域作答。40．Withtheprogressofnewmedicalresearch,I'mꢀagainoneday.（根据句意填空）ꢀthatpeoplelikemewouldbeabletowalk41．Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelessꢀwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.（用适当的词填空）ꢀofthecity'speople,anewTangshan42．Soonafter,however,problemscameupandthe"whitebikes"allꢀamatterofweeks!（用适当的词填空）ꢀ—thievesstolethemallin43．Untilhepassedawayin1961,Meihadbeenperformingandencouragingtheꢀalmost60years.(根据句意填空)ꢀofPekingOperafor44．Ofcourse,therearestillenvironmentalrisks.However,theseshouldbebalancedwitheconomicneeds.Hopefully,astechnologyimproves,wemayhavemoreꢀꢀthisbalance.(根据句意填空)45．Bike-sharingisacheapandeasywaytosaveenergy,reduceairandnoisepollution,andenjoytheꢀꢀofexerciseincities.（用适当的词填空）46．Whenacquiringnewknowledge,I'lltrytomakeꢀꢀwithwhatIhavealreadylearnt.（根据句意单词拼写）47．Iamproudthatwebuiltour"impossible"railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironmentꢀꢀ.(用适当的词填空)48．XieLeichosetolivewithahostfamily,whocanhelpwithherꢀꢀtothenewenvironment.（用适当的词填空）49．TheorganizationiscalledRoots&Shootsbecauserootsmoveslowlyunderthegroundtomakeafirmꢀꢀ,andshootsseemsmallandweak,buttheycanbreakopenbrickwallstoreachthelight.（用适当的词填空）50．Butperhapswhatismostsignificantisthewayinwhichpeoplehaveworkedinꢀꢀwithnaturetomaketheseterracesandgrowrice.(根据句意填空)第9页51．ꢀꢀwithpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgroundshelpsusviewtheworldfromdifferentangles.（用适当的词填空）六、第二节（20分）52．假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校公众号英语栏目正举办主题为"用英语讲中国故事"的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，介绍能代表中国形象的优秀人物事迹、传统艺术形式或独特的自然人文景观，并阐释其能代表中国形象的原因。习作要求主题鲜明、细节描述能体现主题；语言准确得体；词数100左右。第10页答案解析部分【答案】1．B；2．A；3．C；4．D；5．A；6．B；7．D；8．D；9．B；10．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位医疗代表在残疾小孩的勇气和希望激励下，重新找回自我价值和追求梦想的故事。【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。1．句意：十年前，我刚开始我的第一份工作，在印度的一个小镇担任医疗代表——但我每时每刻都在后悔。A.expecting"期待"；B.regretting"后悔"；C.missing"错过"；D.wondering"想知道"。根据下文"topromoteandgetsalesregardlessofwhethertherewasaneedformydrugsornot"可知，作者很后悔干这个工作，因为无论是否有人需要作者的药，作者都需要推销。故选B。2．句意：不管我的药是否有需求，我都有推销和销售的压力。A.pressure"压力"；B.desire"渴望"；C.pleasure"快乐"；D.chance"机会"。根据空后"topromoteandgetsalesregardlessofwhethertherewasaneedformydrugsornot"可知，作者面临的是推销和销售药的压力。故选A。3．句意：更糟糕的是，我偏离了攻读生物学博士学位的原计划。A.passing"经过"；B.developing"发展"；C.departing"离开"；D.starting"开始"。根据空前"Tomakemattersworse"可知，作者没能按原计划读生物学博士学位，departfrom固定短语，"背离"。故选C。4．句意：然而，没有人认为值得下车，把石头搬到路边，这样它就可以安然无恙地躺在那里了。A.difficult"困难的"；B.dangerous"危险的"；C.possible"可能的"；D.worthwhile"值得的"。根据空后"getoutofthevehiclesandmovetherocktotheedgeoftheroadwhereitwouldlie,harmless"可知，没有人会觉得把石头搬到路边是值得的。故选D。5．句意：他用双手匍匐着，身子拖在身后。A.dragging"拖"；B.shaping"塑造"；C.lifting"举起"；D.folding"折叠"。根据空前"Hewascrawlingonbothhishands"可知，他用双手爬，所以是拖着自己的身体。故选A。6．句意：他坚定地望着那块石头，仿佛在对那块石头说："你是我意志的工具。"A.anxiety"焦虑"；B.determination"决心"；C.confusion"困惑"；D.amazement"惊诧，惊奇"。根据空后"Youareaninstrumentofmywill"可知，那个孩子很坚定地望着石头。故选B。7．句意：他设法把那块石头推到路边。A.planned"计划"；B.failed"失败"；C.learnt"学习"；D.managed"设法做到"。根据下文"Icanneverforgetthatlookofprideonhisface"可知，那个孩子是设法把石头搬到了路边，所以脸上才会有自豪。故选D。8．句意：我永远不会忘记他脸上的骄傲，这表明他已经完成了像我这样健全的人避免做的事情。A.recalled"回想起"；B.considered"考虑"；C.preserved"保护"；D.accomplished"完成"。根据上文"He7topushtherocktothesideoftheroad"可知，那个孩子设法把石头搬到了路边，所以是完成了健全人避免做的事情。故选第11页D。9．句意：从那以后，我再也没有放弃过。A.calmeddown"平静下来"；B.givenup"放弃"；C.brokenin"闯入"；D.workedout"解决"。根据下文"IdidpursuemydreamoffinishingaPh.Dinthebiologicalsciences"可知，作者追逐自己的梦想，所以是没有放弃。故选B。10．句意：对于这位不为人知的希望和勇气的使者，这是我想给予的掌声——尽管来得有些迟。A.cooperation"合作"；B.generosity"慷慨"；C.courage"勇气"；D.enthusiasm"热情"。根据上文"He7topushtherocktothesideoftheroad"可知，那个残疾的孩子把石头搬到了路中间，可见他是一个有勇气的人，向作者传达了勇气。故选C。【答案】11．visited；12．against；13．sustainable【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了加那利群岛旅游业的发展现状、当地人的态度以及他们对可持续旅游业的期望。【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，介词，形容词等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。11．句意：2023年，有1390万人参观了西班牙的加那利群岛，这是实际居住在那里的人数的六倍。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语In2023可知，应用一般过去时，故填visited。12．句意：当地人表示，他们并不反对所有的旅游业，因为它创造了就业机会和金钱，但他们希望政府限制游客的数量。由"becauseitcreatesjobsandmoney"可知，此处表示"当地人表示，他们并不反对所有的旅游业"，空格处意为"反对"，用against，故填against。13．句意：他们认为政府应该计算出可以支持多少游客，这样加那利群岛就可以成为可持续旅游业的一个例子。此处形容词作定语，修饰名词tourism，此处表示"可持续旅游业"，故填sustainable。【答案】14．that/which；15．caused；16．leaving；17．where【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了影响迁徙鸟类觅食的因素：气候变化和越来越多的土地被用于农业。【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，定语从句等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。14．句意：有些鸟吃初春时节开始生长的草芽。starttogrowatthebeginningoftheseason是限制性定语从句，先行词是grassshoots，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。15．句意：这种食物来源只能供应几个星期，气候变化引起的气温上升有时会使草比平时生长得早。cause和risingtemperatures之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作后置定语，故填caused。16．句意：这意味着有些鸟来的太晚了，没有时间吃草，导致它们没有食物来源。该空后内容是前句造成的意料之中的结果，leave使用现在分词形式作结果状语，故填leaving。第12页17．句意：随着越来越多的土地被用于农业，鸟类觅食的天然湿地也在消失。birdsliketosearchforfood是限制性定语从句，先行词是thenaturalwetlands，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导，故填where。【答案】18．goes；19．when；20．tosupport【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了DylanAllman因保护刺猬获得奖项，Allman四年前启动保护项目，救援受伤刺猬，普及知识并筹款支持动物救助中心。【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，定语从句等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。18．句意：该奖项颁给那些在他们的社区中做出改变的鼓舞人心的人们。此处是谓语动词，根据句中make可知，应用一般现在时，go与主语Theaward之间是主动关系，且主语Theaward是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填goes。19．句意：Allman的任务始于四年前，当时他开始对花园里刺猬的数量感兴趣。hebecameinterestedinthenumberofhedgehogsinhisgarden是限制性定语从句，描述fouryearsago这一时间发生的事件，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。20．句意：Allman还参观了学校，向人们传授刺猬的知识，并筹集资金支持动物救援中心。此处动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填tosupport。【答案】21．B22．D23．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了2024年哈佛冬季上海项目的相关信息。【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。21．考查细节理解。根据ProgramStructure部分中的"Thissix-weekprogramincludestwocoursesonShanghai'sculturalhistoryandeconomicdevelopmentexperiences.Youstarteachweekwithtwodaysofseminars(研讨会)designedtoletyouseeShanghaidifferently."这个为期六周的课程包括两门关于上海文化史和经济发展经验的课程。你每周都会参加为期两天的研讨会，让你以不同的方式看待上海。可知，如果你参加2024年哈佛冬季项目，你将在六周时间内每周参加为期两天的研讨会，即你将总计花12天时间参加研讨会。故选B。22．考查细节理解。根据Application部分中的"Havecompletedatleastoneyearofcollege"已完成至少一年的大学教育。可知，如果你想申请这个项目，你必须至少完成了一年的大学教育。故选D。23．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Blendingculturalstudieswithsocialsciences,2024HarvardWinterProgram第13页inShanghai,Chinawillhelpyouunderstandthecity."将文化研究与社会科学相结合，中国上海2024年哈佛冬季项目将帮助您了解这座城市；以及倒数第二段"TheWinter2024applicationwillbeavailableinearlyJuly.Eachprogramhasuniquerequirementsincludedintheonlineapplication.Beginningyourapplicationearlyisthebestwaytoensurethatyouhavesufficienttimetoreviewandcompletetheapplicationrequirementsbythedeadline."(2024年冬季应用程序将于7月初推出。在线申请中包含的每个程序都有独特的要求。尽早开始申请是确保您有足够时间在截止日期前审查和完成申请要求的最佳方式；以及文章内容可知，本文介绍了2024年哈佛冬季上海项目的日期、申请要求、课程结构、住宿信息等相关信息，其目的是吸引更多人申请参加该项目。故选B。【答案】24．A25．D26．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了曾经的问题少年T.J.Ware在一次领导力培