2022届湖北省武汉市武昌区高三上学期元月调研考试英语试题

2/22022届湖北省武汉市武昌区高三上学期元月调研考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解ThreeTypesofRenewableEnergySourcesWaterPowerWaterpoweristheworld’sbiggestsourceofrenewableenergybyfar,withChina,Brazil,Canada,theU.S.,andRussiatheleadingwaterpowerproducers.Whilewaterpowerisacleanenergysourceprovidedbyrainandsnow,italsohasseveraldrawbacks.Largedamscandamageriverecosystemsandsurroundingcommunities,harmingwildlifeanddisplacingresidents.Evenwaterpoweratfullcapacitybearsitsownemissionsproblems,asrottingorganicmaterialinreservoirsreleasesmethane(甲烷,沼气).Damsaren’ttheonlywaytousewaterforpower.Tidalandwaveenergyprojectsaroundtheworldaimtocapturetheocean’snaturalrhythms.Thepotentialmarineenergyisgreat.WindPowerWindturbines(涡轮)aregrowingaroundtheglobe,andChina,theU.S.,andGermanyaretheleadingwindenergyproducers.Somepeoplemayobjecttohowwindturbineslookonthehorizon(地平线)andtohowtheysound,butwindenergy,whosepricesaredeclining,isprovingtoovaluablearesourcetodeny.Anotherproblemwithwindturbinesisthatthey’readangerforbirdsandbats,killinghundredsofthousandsannuallythatengineersareworkingonsolutionstomakethemsaferforflyingwildlife.SolarPowerFromhomerooftopstofarms,solarpowerisreshapingenergymarketsaroundtheworld.Inadditiontosolarpanels,whichchangethesun’slighttoelectricity,concentratingsolarpower(CSP)plantsusemirrorstoconcentratethesun’sheat,gettingthermalenergy.Solarthermalenergyisalsobeingusedworldwideforhotwater,heating,andcooling.China,Japan,andtheU.S.areleadingthesolartransformation,butsolarstillhasalongwaytogo.1．Whichcountryistheleadingproducerofallthethreerenewableenergies?A．China. B．Japan. C．Germany. D．Russia.2．Whatmayreducethedisadvantagesofwaterpower?A．Gatheringorganicmaterialinreservoirs.B．Employingalternativewatersources.C．MovingresidentsawayfromdamsD．Usingwaterpoweratfullcapacity.3．Whatisaproblemwiththewindturbines?A．Theycosttoomuch.B．Theyoccupymuchspace.C．Theycausenoisepollution.D．Theyaffectflyingwildlife’shealth.【答案】1．A2．B3．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种可再生资源。1．细节理解题。根据WaterPower部分中的第一句“Waterpoweristheworld’sbiggestsourceofrenewableenergybyfar,withChina,Brazil,Canada,theU.S.,andRussiatheleadingwaterpowerproducers.(水力发电是迄今为止世界上最大的可再生能源来源，中国、巴西、加拿大、美国和俄罗斯是主要的水力发电国)”和WindPower部分中的第一句“Windturbines(涡轮)aregrowingaroundtheglobe,andChina,theU.S.,andGermanyaretheleadingwindenergyproducers.(风力涡轮机在全球范围内不断增长，中国、美国和德国是主要的风能生产国)”及SolarPower部分中的最后一句“China,Japan,andtheU.S.areleadingthesolartransformation,butsolarstillhasalongwaytogo.(中国、日本和美国正在领导太阳能改造，但太阳能仍有很长的路要走)”可知，中国在这三种可再生资源的生产中都处于主导地位。故选A。2．推理判断题。根据WaterPower部分中最后一段“Damsaren’ttheonlywaytousewaterforpower.Tidalandwaveenergyprojectsaroundtheworldaimtocapturetheocean’snaturalrhythms.Thepotentialmarineenergyisgreat.(水坝并不是用水发电的唯一途径。世界各地的潮汐和波浪能项目旨在捕捉海洋的自然节奏。海洋能源潜力巨大)”可知，除了水坝以外，还有潮汐和波浪能可以利用，以减少水电发电所造成的影响。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据WindPower部分中第二段“Somepeoplemayobjecttohowwindturbineslookonthehorizon(地平线)andtohowtheysound,butwindenergy,whosepricesaredeclining,isprovingtoovaluablearesourcetodeny.(有些人可能会反对风力涡轮机的外观和声音，但风能的价格正在下降，被证明是一种太有价值的资源，不容否认)”可知，风力发电存在的问题是噪音污染。故选C。Throughouthistory,manyoftheworld’sgreatestartistsneverachievedtremendousfameuntilaftertheirdeath.That’sthecaseofVivianMaier,who’snowconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantAmericanstreetphotographersofthelastcentury,alongsidefamousnameslikeDianeArbusandHenriCartier-Bresson.Butsheremainedunknownformuchofherlife,anditwasonlyachanceencounterwithaboxofnegativesthatputherinthespotlight.Detailsofherlifeareunclear,butshewasborninNewYorkCityinthe1920stoEuropeanparents.MaiergrewupinFrancebeforereturningtotheU.S.,whereshespentseveraldecadesworkingasanannyinChicagotowealthyfamilies.DuringherdaysoffMaieristhoughttohavetakenmorethan100,000photographsofpeopleandcityscenesinChicago,yetshekeptthephotostoherself-manyofthemneverdeveloped.Skipaheadto2007,aChicagohistorianandcollector,JohnMaloof,cameacrossMaier’sworkbyaccidentafterpurchasingaboxoftensofthousandsofundevelopednegativesfor$380Satanauction(拍卖).Ashedevelopedthem,Maloofrealizedtheyweremorethanjustphotos.Hewaslookingatevocative(唤起)artillustratingaChicagoofthemid-20-centurythatnobodyhadneverseen.Maloofworkedtouncoverwhothephotographerwas,acquiringmoreandmoreofherwork.Butbeforehecouldlocateher,Maierhadalreadypassedawayin2009,havingslippedoniceandneverrecoveringfromherheadinjury.WhileMaloofresearchedMaier’swork,moredetailsemerged.Shekepttoherself,heremployerssaid,andshewouldspendherfreedaystakingphotosonthestreetsofChicagowithaRolleiflexcamera.AccordingtoMaloof,thechildrenMaiertookcareofknewshewasconstantlytakingphotos,yetshenevershowedherphotostoanyone.Maieralsotraveledaroundtheworld,asindicatedbysomeofherphotos.OthercollectorsbegantoacquireMaier’sphotos,butMaloofownsmuchofherwork.Hereleasedabook,VivianMaier:StreetPhotographer,in2011,andhisdocumentary,FindingVivianMaier,cameoutin2013.4．WhichwordcanbeusedtodescribeVivian’slife?A．Risky. B．Wealthy. C．Mysterious. D．Miserable.5．WhatdoweknowaboutVivianMaier?A．ShewasborninFrance.B．Sheneverdevelopedherphotos.C．Sheenjoyedgreatfameinherlife.D．ShetookphotosofChicagoandothercities.6．WhatdidMaloofdoafterhefoundMaier’sphotos?A．HeapproachedMaier’sformeremployers.B．Hemanagedtomeettheartistintheflesh.C．HereleasedacollectionofMaier’swork.D．Hepurchasedmoredevelopednegatives.7．WhatcanbeinferredaboutVivianMaier’sphotos?A．Theywerepresentedtoheremployers.B．Theyweremeanttoearnherafortune.C．Theyweretakenbyaprofessionalartist.D．Theywereofartisticandhistoricalvalue.【答案】4．C5．D6．A7．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国业余街头摄影师VivianMaier及其作品的发现过程。4．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Butsheremainedunknownformuchofherlife,anditwasonlyachanceencounterwithaboxofnegativesthatputherinthespotlight.(但她一生中的大部分时间都默默无闻，一次偶然的机会，一盒底片让她成为了聚光灯下的焦点)”及第二段第一句“Detailsofherlifeareunclear,butshewasborninNewYorkCityinthe1920stoEuropeanparents.(她的生活细节尚不清楚，但她于20世纪20年代出生于纽约，父母是欧洲人)”可知，关于VivianMaier的生活，人们了解的并不多，因此可以用“神秘”来形容她的一生。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Shekepttoherself,heremployerssaid,andshewouldspendherfreedaystakingphotosonthestreetsofChicagowithaRolleiflexcamera.(她的雇主说，她不爱说话，会在空闲时间用Rolleiflex相机在芝加哥街头拍照)”和最后一句“Maieralsotraveledaroundtheworld,asindicatedbysomeofherphotos.(Maier还周游世界，她的一些照片表明了这一点)”可知，VivianMaier拍摄了芝加哥及其他城市的照片。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“WhileMaloofresearchedMaier’swork,moredetailsemerged.Shekepttoherself,heremployerssaid,andshewouldspendherfreedaystakingphotosonthestreetsofChicagowithaRolleiflexcamera.(当Maloof研究Maier的作品时，更多的细节浮出水面。她的雇主说，她不爱说话，会在空闲时间用Rolleiflex相机在芝加哥街头拍照)”可推知，Maloof在发现Maier的作品后，为了更好地了解她，联系了她之前的雇主。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据第三段第二和第三两句“Ashedevelopedthem,Maloofrealizedtheyweremorethanjustphotos.Hewaslookingatevocative(唤起)artillustratingaChicagoofthemid-20-centurythatnobodyhadneverseen.(当他将底片冲洗出来后，Maloof意识到它们不仅仅是照片。他看到的是能够唤起人们怀旧的、描绘了一个无人见过的20世纪中期的芝加哥的艺术)”可知，VivianMaier所拍摄的照片兼具艺术和历史价值。故选D。IwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwritingacolumn,becausethat’swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.Iregularlygete-mailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI’veneverheardof.TowhichIrespond,“Transfer(转学)highschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtfulcommentaryofafirst-ratemodernwisdom!Also,don’tdodrugs!”Icanexpecttobesendingmoreofthesee-mailsbecauseoftheCommonCoreStateStandards(共同核心国家标准),whichpublicschoolsareencouragedtofollow.Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation’shighschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear,DavidColeman,thenewpresidentoftheCollegeBoard,whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsoftheCommonCore,said,“Itisrareinaworkingenvironmentthatsomeonesays,‘Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneedavividaccountofyourchildhood.’”Iagreewiththis,butnoonehaseveraskedmeforamarketanalysis.Coleman’sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswilllearnhowtowriteclear,tightlystructurednonfiction.Andindeed,thefirsttimeIwriteinanewformat-travelessay,screenplay,apologye-mail-Ireadabunchofexamples.ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwordsdifferently:anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bushspeech.Fictionteachesyouhowtotellastory,whichishowweexpressandremembernearlyeverything.Anyway,schoolisn’tmerelytrainingforwork;it’strainingforcommunicationthroughoutourlives.8．Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhiscolumnwasusedasstudents’assignment?A．Proud. B．Satisfied. C．Concerned. D．Disappointed.9．WhatshouldhighschoolsdoaccordingtoDavidColeman?A．Stressnonfiction.B．Readmorefiction.C．Teachmarketanalysis.D．Encouragewriting.10．WhydoesthewriterturntoaGeorgeW.Bushspeech?A．Tocreatewords. B．Tobetterhiswriting.C．Totellastory. D．Tofollowtheformat.11．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theshiftofteachingtechniques.B．ThetrendofreadingShakespeare.C．Theeffectsofthenewcurriculumstandards.D．TheproblemwithAmericaneducationsystem.【答案】8．C9．A10．B11．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了美国教育系统的问题。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Iregularlygete-mailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI’veneverheardof.TowhichIrespond,“Transfer(转学)highschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtfulcommentaryofafirst-ratemodernwisdom!Also,don’tdodrugs!”(我经常收到学生的电子邮件，询问我的写作技巧和其他我从未听说过的事情。对此，我的回答是：“马上转高中！转到一个教授莎士比亚和荷马，而不是对一流现代智慧进行深思熟虑的评论的高中，还有，不要吸毒！”)”可推断，当他的专栏被用作学生的作业后，作者是担忧的。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation’shighschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear,DavidColeman,thenewpresidentoftheCollegeBoard,whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsoftheCommonCore,said,“Itisrareinaworkingenvironmentthatsomeonesays,‘Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneedavividaccountofyourchildhood.’”(新的课程标准极大地改变了全国大约一半的高中英语阅读清单，强调非虚构。美国大学理事会新任主席戴维·科尔曼是“共同核心”的主要创始人之一，他在去年的一次演讲中说，“在工作环境中，很少有人说，‘约翰逊，周五前我需要一份市场分析报告，但在此之前，我需要一份你童年的生动描述。’”)”和第三段“Coleman’sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswilllearnhowtowriteclear,tightlystructurednonfiction.(科尔曼的想法是，通过阅读清晰、结构紧凑的非虚构类文章，孩子们将学会如何写出清晰、结构紧凑的非虚构类文章。)”可知，根据戴维·科尔曼的观点，高中应该强调非虚构。故选A。10．细节理解题。根据第三段“ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwordsdifferently:anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bushspeech.(但当我想提高写作水平时，我会阅读一些迫使我以不同方式思考词语的东西：一本小说、一首诗、乔治·W·布什的演讲。)”可知，作者寻求乔治·W·布什的演讲是为了更好地提高自己的写作。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“IwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwritingacolumn,becausethat’swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.(在我开始写专栏之前，我并不担心美国的教育体系，因为那时我发现有英语老师把我的专栏作为阅读材料。)”及全文可知，文章主要讨论了美国教育系统的问题。故选D。Despitelivingbeyond80s,“super-agers”havethephysicalabilityandcognitive(认知的)functionofpeoplemuchyounger,whichhaslongbeenpuzzlingscientists.Butresearchersmayhavediscoveredwhysuper-agersareabletostaysomentallysharp:theneurons(神经元)intheirentorhinalcortex,thepartofthebrainresponsibleforstoringmemories,aremuchlargerthanthoseoftheiraveragepeers.Furthermore,theseneuronsshownosignoftautangles(蛋白病),whichlimitthecommunicationbetweenneuronsandarealarmingsignsofAlzheimer’sdisease.“TounderstandhowandwhypeoplemayberesistanttodevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease,it’simportanttocloselyinvestigatethebrainsofsuper-agers,”saidleadresearcherTamarGefen,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryandbehaviouralsciencesatNorthwesternUniversity.Tomakethediscovery,theresearchersexaminedthebrainsofsixsuper-agers,sevencognitivelyaverageelderlyindividuals,sixyoungindividualsandfiveindividualsintheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sdisease.“Theremarkableobservationthatsuper-agersshowedlargerneuronsthantheiryoungerpeersmayimplythatlargecellswerepresentfrombirthandaremaintainedstructurallythroughouttheirlives.Weconcludethatlargerneuronsareabiologicalsignatureofthesuper-ageing.”Theresearchersconcentratedtheirstudiesontheentorhinalcortexasit’soneofthefirstlocationstobeaffectedbyAlzheimer’sdisease.Theneuronsthatformthispartwerefoundtobebiggerinsuper-agersthaninalloftheothergroupsinthestudy,eventhosewhowere20to30yearsyounger.Theywerealsofoundtobefreefromtautangles.“Inthisstudy,weshowthatinAlzheimer’sdisease,neuronalshrinkingintheentorhinalcortexappearstobeacharacteristicmarkerofthedisease,”Gefensaid.“Wesuspectthisprocessisafunctionoftautangleformationintheaffectedcellsleadingtopoormemoryabilitiesinolderage.Identifyingthiscontributingfactor-andeverycontributingfactor-iscrucialtotheearlyidentificationofAlzheimer’s,monitoringitscourseandguidingtreatment.”Theresearchersarenowplanningfurtherstudiestotryandfigureoutwhysuper-agershavesuchlargerneurons.12．Whatdoresearchersfindabout“super-agers”?A．Theyhaveweakcognitiveability.B．TheyarelikelytosufferAlzheimer’sneurons.C．Tautanglescanbecommonlyfoundintheirbrains.D．Someoftheirbrainneuronsarelargerthantheirpeers’.13．HowdidTamarGefencarryouthisresearch?A．Byobservingthefunctionofneuronformation.B．Bylimitingthecommunicationbetweenneurons.C．Byexaminingthebrainsofmultiplegroupsofpeople.D．Bytrackingthelargecellsinsuper-agers’brainsfrombirth.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shrinking”meaninParagraph5?A．Adapting. B．Becomingsmaller.C．Expanding. D．Growingflexible.15．Whichofthefollowingisnotyetidentifiedbytheresearchers?A．Whysuper-agersarefreefromtautangles.B．WhataretypicalsignsofAlzheimer’sdisease.C．Whichpartofthebrainisinchargeofmemorystorage.D．Whetherlargeneuronsareconnectedwithsuper-ageing.【答案】12．D13．C14．B15．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员通过测验证明超级老人的内嗅皮层神经元比同龄老年人的要大得多，这也是超级老人虽然年老却依然可以保持体能和认知能力的原因。12．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Butresearchersmayhavediscoveredwhysuper-agersareabletostaysomentallysharp:theneurons(神经元)intheirentorhinalcortex,thepartofthebrainresponsibleforstoringmemories,aremuchlargerthanthoseoftheiraveragepeers.(但研究人员可能已经发现了为什么超级老人能够保持如此敏锐的精神：他们的内嗅皮层（大脑中负责存储记忆的部分）中的神经元比他们的普通同龄人大得多)”可知，研究人员发现超级老人的神经元与同龄的普通老人的相比要大。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Tomakethediscovery,theresearchersexaminedthebrainsofsixsuper-agers,sevencognitivelyaverageelderlyindividuals,sixyoungindividualsandfiveindividualsintheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sdisease.(为了证明这一发现，研究人员测验了6名超级老年人、7名认知能力一般的老年人、6名年轻人和5名阿尔茨海默病早期患者的大脑)”可知，这项研究是通过对多组不同人群的大脑进行测验来完成的。故选C。14．词句猜测题。根据第三段第二句“Theneuronsthatformthispartwerefoundtobebiggerinsuper-agersthaninalloftheothergroupsinthestudy,eventhosewhowere20to30yearsyounger.(研究发现，超级老人组中形成这一部分的神经元比所有其他组中的神经元都大，即使是那些20到30岁的年轻人)”可知，其他组别包括阿尔茨海默症组接受测验的人员，其大脑中内嗅皮层神经元的大小都小于超级老人组的。结合划线词所在句“Inthisstudy,weshowthatinAlzheimer’sdisease,neuronalshrinkingintheentorhinalcortexappearstobeacharacteristicmarkerofthedisease(在这项研究中，我们发现在阿尔茨海默病中，内嗅皮层神经元萎缩似乎是该病的特征性标志)”可推知，阿尔茨海默症与内嗅皮层神经元的大小有关，超级老人的内嗅皮层神经元大，那么患阿尔茨海默症的人内嗅皮层神经元应该会越来越小，由此推出，划线词shrinking表达的是“越来越小”的意思。故选B。15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Wesuspectthisprocessisafunctionoftautangleformationintheaffectedcellsleadingtopoormemoryabilitiesinolderage.(我们怀疑这一过程是受细胞中tautangle这种物质形成的影响，导致老年人记忆能力下降)”可知，细胞中形成了tautangle这种物质，这种物质使得内嗅皮层神经元萎缩，因而老年人记忆力下降，而超级老人的内嗅皮层神经元很大，显然其细胞中没有形成tautangle这种物质，结合最后一句“Theresearchersarenowplanningfurtherstudiestotryandfigureoutwhysuper-agershavesuchlargerneurons.(研究人员现在正在计划进一步的研究，试图弄清楚为什么超级老人有如此大的神经元)”可知，研究人员还没有弄清楚为什么超级老人的细胞中没有tautangle这种物质。故选A。二、七选五Praiseislikesunlighttothehumanspirit:wecannotflowerandgrowwithoutit.Andyet,whilemostofusareonlytooreadytoapplytoothersthecoldwindofcriticism,wearesomehowreluctanttogiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.16Perhapsit’sbecausefewofusknowhowtoacceptcomplimentsgracefully.Instead,weareembarrassedandshrugoffthewordswearereallysogladtohear.Becauseofthisdefensivereaction,directcomplimentsaresurprisinglydifficulttogive.Thatiswhysomeofthemostvaluedpatsonthebackarethosewhichcometousindirectly,inaletterorpassedonbyafriend.It’sespeciallyrewardingtogivepraiseinareasinwhicheffortgenerallygoesunnoticedorunmentioned.17Acookispraisedforaperfectmeal.Butdoyouevertellyourlaundrymanagerhowpleasedyouarewhentheshirtsaredonejustright?Doyoueverpraiseyourpaperboyforgettingthepapertoyouontime365daysayear?Praiseisparticularlyappreciatedbythosedoingroutinejobs:gasstationattendants,waitresses-evenhousewives.

18Sincesooftenpraiseistheonlywageahousewifereceives,surelysheofallpeopleshouldgethermeasure.19Itonlytakesamoment’sthoughtandamoment’seffortperhapsaquickphonecalltopassonacompliment,orfiveminutesspentwritinganappreciativeletter.Itissuchasmallinvestmentandyetconsidertheresultsitmayproduce.20So,let’sbealerttothesmallexcellencesaroundusandcommentonthem.Wewillnotonlybringjoyintootherpeople’slives,butalso,veryoften,addhappinessintoourown.A．Weareaccustomedtoacceptingpraise.B．Astudentisignoreddespitehisgoodwork.C．Togivepraisecoststhegiveralmostnothing.D．It’sstrangehowcautiousweareaboutpraisingE．Shakespearesaid,“Ourpraisesareourwages.”F．Anartistgetscomplimentedforagloriouspicture.G．“Icanlivefortwomonthsonagoodcompliment,”saidMarkTwain.【答案】16．D17．F18．E19．C20．G【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了赞美别人所带来的好处。16．分析设空可知，空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Instead,weareembarrassedandshrugoffthewordswearereallysogladtohear.

Becauseofthisdefensivereaction,directcomplimentsaresurprisinglydifficulttogive.

Thatiswhysomeofthemostvaluedpatsonthebackarethosewhichcometousindirectly,inaletterorpassedonbyafriend.(相反，我们感到尴尬，对我们真正高兴听到的话不屑一顾。由于这种防御反应，直接的赞美是非常困难的。这就是为什么一些最有价值的鼓励是来自于间接的，来自于一封信或朋友的传递)”可知，本段主要是在讲，我们不会随便赞美他人，所以D项“It’sstrangehowcautiousweareaboutpraising.(奇怪的是，我们对赞美是如此谨慎)”符合文意。故选D项。17．根据前文“It’sespeciallyrewardingtogivepraiseinareasinwhicheffortgenerallygoesunnoticedorunmentioned.(在那些努力通常被忽视或不被提及的领域给予表扬尤其有益)”可知，本段主要讲述了给那些被忽视或不被提及的人以鼓励会更有益，再根据后文“Acookispraisedforaperfectmeal.(厨师因一顿完美的饭菜而受到表扬)”可知，此处在举反例，所以空处应也是反例，所以F项“Anartistgetscomplimentedforagloriouspicture.(一位艺术家因一幅辉煌的画而受到称赞)”符合文意。故选F项。18．根据后文“Sincesooftenpraiseistheonlywageahousewifereceives,surelysheofallpeopleshouldgethermeasure.(既然赞美常常是一个家庭主妇唯一得到的报酬，那么她当然应该得到她应得的报酬)”可知，赞美常常是有些人得到的唯一报酬。所以E项“Shakespearesaid,“Ourpraisesareourwages.”(莎士比亚说过:“赞美是我们的工资。”)”后句是对本句的进一步说明，符合文意，其中wage为同词复现。故选E项。19．分析设空可知，空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Itonlytakesamoment’sthoughtandamoment’seffortperhapsaquickphonecalltopassonacompliment,orfiveminutesspentwritinganappreciativeletter.

Itissuchasmallinvestmentandyetconsidertheresultsitmayproduce.(这只需要片刻的思考和片刻的努力，也许是一个快速的电话传递赞美，或花五分钟写一封感激的信。这是一笔很小的投资，但考虑一下它可能产生的结果)”可知，赞美他人不需要什么代价，所以C项“Togivepraisecoststhegiveralmostnothing.(给予赞美者几乎不需要付出任何代价)”符合文意。故选C项。20．分析设空可知，空处位于段尾，应该是对前文的总结或者前句的说明，根据前文“Itissuchasmallinvestmentandyetconsidertheresultsitmayproduce.(这是一笔很小的投资，但考虑一下它可能产生的结果)”可知，后文应写后果，所以G项““Icanlivefortwomonthsonagoodcompliment,”saidMarkTwain.(马克·吐温说过：“只凭一句赞美的话我就可以充实地活上两个月。”)”符合文意。故选G项。三、完形填空Recently,asInearedthetopofadifficult35footclimbatthelocalclimbinggym,Imadeadynamicmovetoreachthelasthold.Myrighthand21thesmall,awkwardlyplacedhold,butIcouldn’t22,andmybodyfellawayfromthewall.Fallslikethishappenallthetime.Theropecatchesyou,andyourestintheair23gettingbacktotrythemoveagain.Thistime,24,somethingwentterriblywrong.IglanceddownasIfellfromthehold,andwatchedin25astheroperacedthroughtheharness(保护带)anddisappearedfromview.WhenIhittheground,a26impactrushedthroughmybody.27,Ilandedonmyrightside.HadIbeenupright,orinjustaboutanyother28,Iwouldprobablyhavebrokenmylegs,andpossiblymyback.Still,Ibrokemyright29,buttheemergencymedicaltechnicianstoldmewith30thatIwasn’tparalyzed(瘫痪的).ThatwasmybiggestfearandIrealizedI’d31thefall.Somehow,I’dtiedabadknotwhenI32theropetomyharness.Ihadsurgeryonmyankle,andI’minawheelchairforacouplemonths,butI’mjusta33totheworldofdisability.NowIcanfeeltheanklegetting34bytheday.Forallofthat,Iamdeeply35.21．A．struck B．grabbed C．moved D．wiped22．A．letloose B．breakaway C．givein D．hangon23．A．after B．before C．while D．during24．A．however B．otherwise C．somewhat D．meanwhile25．A．fear B．relief C．delight D．excitement26．A．mild B．slight C．violent D．negative27．A．Hopelessly B．Surprisingly C．Unfortunately D．Thankfully28．A．style B．state C．position D．place29．A．arm B．foot C．knee D．ankle30．A．difficulty B．worry C．certainty D．caution31．A．escaped B．survived C．defeated D．ended32．A．secured B．added C．wrapped D．carried33．A．visitor B．witness C．messenger D．bystander34．A．thinner B．fatter C．weaker D．better35．A．regretful B．grateful C．thoughtful D．respectful【答案】21．B22．D23．B24．A25．A26．C27．D28．C29．D30．C31．B32．A33．A34．D35．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“我”在攀岩馆进行高难度攀爬时因为安保措施做的不到位，摔了下来而导致脚踝受伤，但没有落下残疾并逐步在康复，为此心存感激的故事。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的右手抓住了那个小小的、笨拙的把手，但我坚持不住了，我从墙上掉了下来。A.struck碰撞，击打；B.grabbed抓住；C.moved移动；D.wiped擦，抹掉。根据“Imadeadynamicmovetoreachthelasthold.（我做了一个有力的动作最后一次去够那个把手。）”和“mybodyfellawayfromthewall（我从墙上掉了下来）”可知，“我”当时抓住了那个把手，只是没能坚持住。故选B项。22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的右手抓住了那个小小的、笨拙的把手，但我坚持不住了，我从墙上掉了下来。A.letloose放出，放开；B.breakaway挣脱；C.givein屈服；D.hangon坚持。根据“mybodyfellawayfromthewall（我从墙上掉了下来）”可知，“我”不能再坚持抓住那个把手了。故选D项。23．考查介词和连词词义辨析。句意：绳子缠在你身上，你在空中悬浮着，然后再回来尝试这个动作。A.after在……之后；B.before在……之前；C.while当……时候；D.during在……期间。根据“Theropecatchesyou,andyourestintheair.（绳子缠在你身上，你在空中停留。）”可知，攀岩时在安全绳的保护下，你在空中一次又一次地去接触崖壁的顶端，即在尝试做出接触崖壁动作之前，你的身体在半空中悬浮着。故选B项。24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这一次出了严重的问题。A.however然而；B.otherwise否则，要不然；C.somewhat稍微；D.meanwhile同时。根据“Fallslikethishappenallthetime.（像这样的跌倒总是发生。）”和“Thistimesomethingwentterriblywrong.（这一次出了严重的问题。）”可知，这一次的经历不同于往常，语义发生了转折。故选A项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我失手从把手掉下来时，我往下瞥了一眼，惊恐地看着绳子穿过保护带，消失在我的视野中。A.fear恐惧；B.relief慰藉；C.delight高兴；D.excitement兴奋。根据“astheroperacedthroughtheharnessanddisappearedfromview.（看着绳子穿过保护带，消失在我的视野中）”可知，“我”在下落过程中看不见安全绳了，因此心中定会感到很大的恐惧。故选A项。26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我撞到地面时，一股猛烈的冲击力穿过我的身体。A.mild温和的；B.slight轻微的；C.violent猛烈的；D.negative否定的。根据“WhenIhittheground（当我撞到地面时）”可知，失去保护措施后，“我”撞到地面上肯定会感受到猛烈的冲击力。故选C项。27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，我右侧着地。A.Hopelessly绝望地；B.Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C.Unfortunately不幸地；D.Thankfully谢天谢地，幸亏。根据“HadIbeenupright,…,Iwouldprobablyhavebrokenmylegs,andpossiblymyback.（如果我是站着的，或者是其他任何姿势，我可能会摔断我的腿，可能还会摔断我的背。）”可知，谢天谢地，“我”当时庆幸自己是右侧着地，要不然可能会有更严重的后果。故选D项。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我是站着的，或者是其他任何姿势，我可能会摔断我的腿，可能还会摔断我的背。A.style方式；B.state状态；C.position位置，姿势；D.place地方。根据“HadIbeenupright（如果我是站着的）”可知，or后面表示的是“如果我是以其他任何姿势的话”。故选C项。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我的右脚踝还是骨折了，但紧急医疗技术人员肯定地告诉我，我没有瘫痪。A.arm胳膊；B.foot脚；C.knee膝盖；D.ankle脚踝。根据“Ihadsurgeryonmyankle,andI’minawheelchairforacouplemonths.（我做了脚踝手术，坐了几个月轮椅。）”可知，“我”伤到了脚踝。故选D项。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我的右脚踝还是骨折了，但紧急医疗技术人员肯定地告诉我，我没有瘫痪。A.difficulty困难；B.worry担心；C.certainty确定；D.caution谨慎。根据“Still,Ibrokemyrightankle.（尽管如此，我的右脚踝还是骨折了。）”和but（表示转折）可知，说明医护人员肯定“我”不会落下残疾。故选C项。31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我最大的恐惧，我意识我在这次摔落中脚踝得以幸免，没有残疾。A.escaped逃跑；B.survived幸存；C.defeated击败；D.ended结束。根据“buttheemergencymedicaltechnicianstoldmewithcertaintythatIwasn’tparalyzed（但紧急医疗技术人员肯定地告诉我，我没有瘫痪。）”可知，“我”在这次摔落中脚踝得以幸免，没有残疾。故选B项。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，当我把绳子系在保护带上时，我没有打好结。A.secured拴牢，扣紧；B.added增加；C.wrapped包裹；D.carried运送。根据“I’dtiedabadknot.（我没有打好结。）”和“theroperacedthroughtheharnessanddisappearedfromview（绳子快速穿过保护带然后从视野中消失了。）”可知，“我”将绳索固定到保护带时没有扣紧。故选A项。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的脚踝做了手术，我在轮椅上坐了几个月，但我只是残疾世界的访客。A.visitor参观者，游客；B.witness目击者；C.messenger信使；D.bystander旁观者。根据“Ihadsurgeryonmyankle,andI’minawheelchairforacouplemonths.（我做了脚踝手术，坐了几个月轮椅。）”和but（表示转折）可知，“我”并没有变成残疾人，只是到“残疾世界”那里一游而已。故选A项。34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我感觉我的脚踝一天比一天好。A.thinner更瘦的；B.fatter更胖的；C.weaker更弱的；D.better更好的。根据“I’mjustavisitortotheworldofdisability.（我只是残疾人世界的过客。）”可知，“我”的脚踝在一天天变好。故选D项。35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于这一切，我深表感激。A.regretful遗憾的；B.grateful感激的；C.thoughtful考虑周到的；D.respectful尊敬的。根据“NowIcanfeeltheanklegettingbetterbytheday.（现在我感觉我的脚踝一天比一天好。）”可知，虽然“我”的脚踝在攀岩中受伤，但是没有落下残疾，而是逐步在康复，因此“我”心存感激之情。故选B项。四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式AUNESCOWorldHeritageSitetoday,theancienttownofPingyaoinShanxiprovinceformedChina’seconomicbackboneduringtheQingDynasty.Thetownwashome36thecountry’sfirstpiaohao(moneyexchangehouse)thatfinancedtheempireduringaperiodwhenallbookkeepingwasonpaper,andtheonlyway37(deal)withnumbersinvolvedtheabacus(算盘).Inthe19thcentury,merchantsfromShanxiweremakingtheir38(present)feltinmanyothernations.Theyhadtorelyonsecurityguardsfortransferringtheirwealth--goldandsilver.Themethodwashardlysafea