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2025年高考英语三轮冲刺:语法填空、阅读理解、完形填空解题技巧讲义

语法填空解题技巧

谓语

|谓语

有提示词adj.-adv.

变形n/v•一adj.

v/adj.——n.

「并列连词

1从属连词

「固定搭配

Jas,by,with,to

二不定冠词

匚定冠词

人称、物主

一代词I

指示、反身

一、谓语

1.谓语的组加

谓语是由动词+时态+语态组成的,也就是说谓语必须是动词的形式;

题目中括号词为动词时,看整句缺少谓语时,空中可考虑动词的谓语形式。

1J时间状语:

一般现在对do/does/am/is/are表达经常、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态:

nowandthen偶东、有时;,everyotherweek每隔~周;monthly每月;

一般过去时did/was/were表达过去一段时间经常、反复的动作或我忠:

theotherday前几天;afewdaysago几天看;lastnight昨晚;

第1页共21页

现在完成对has/havedone表达发生在过去的动作或技忠刚刚完成,对现在仍有影

响:

lately/recently最近、近来;sofar/sincethen/uptonow/bynow/untilnow到目前为

止;overthelastfewyears在过去的几年里;

2020全国I卷举例:

InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereported(report)increasesinbearsightings

aroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.

现在完成时,“Inrecentyears”是现在完成时的标志,强调动作从过去开始持续到现在。

2J句中已有动词的时忠

句中有并列或者主从句结构,比如and前后并列的动词时态一改,主从句时态一

玫等等特征。

2024新课标II卷举例:

SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingaboutwere(be)alsoShakespeare'sconcerns.

一般过去时,根据定语从句时态"waswriting”可知本句时态为一般过去时,主语

“someofthethings”是复数,所以用were。

3J句意和语境

注意形式的同时,也要结合语境判断句中动词动作或状态发生的时间,从而判定

时态;O

2024新课标I卷举例:

Further,thesilkroutegardenaroundthegreenhousewalks(walk)visitorsthroughajourney

influencedbytheancientsilkroad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritain

forthefirsttime.

一般现在时,主语是"thesilkroutegarden^^,单教,根据上下文可知描述的是一般情况,

第2页共21页

用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。

2021新高考I卷率例:

Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.Thebestpart

ofatriptoMountHuangshanwas(be)thefive-hourclimbtothetop.

~般过去时,讲述过去去黄山旅~行的经历,用~般过去时。

4J固定句式

Itisthefirsttimethatsbhasdonesth这是某人第几次做票事

Itwasthefirsttimethatsbhaddonesth这是某人第几次做票事

Nosoonerhadsbdonethansbdidsth—就

Hardly/Scarcelyhadsbdonewhensbdidsth一就

Bythetimesbdidsth,sb/sthhaddone.到…的时候,…吏,成了

3.非谓语

1.非谓语是什么

非谓语,顽名思义,不是谓语,除了不能充当谓语这个句子成分外,可以充当句子的主

语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分,因此称之为非谓语。

2.非谓语的组成

1Jtodo

todo通常表达计划、想要之类动词的塔配,比如

也会在句中表达目的,在句子中充当状语,意为目的是,为了…,要去…等等

熟记动词的固定搭配,以及理解句中语境的意义,有助于成功填空!

2024新课标I卷举例:

Thedesignfeaturestensteel“sepals(萼片)*madeofglassandaluminium(铝).Thesesepals

openonwarmdaystogive(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.

第3页共21页

动词不定式作目的状语

2024浙江1月卷举例:

However,ifyou'reshoppingfbrone,buyingextratobenefit(benefit)frompricereductions

doesn'tmakesense.动词不定式作目的状语

2Jdoing

doing可做前置定语或后置定语;表达主动、进行的状态;

前"置定语doing可做形意词,也可做名词,通常前置作定语修饰后面的名词;

后置定语doing则考虑与do这个动作发出者是否是主谓关余;

比如:

arunningboy表达一个正在跑的男孩,doing表达主动、进行状态;;

drinkingwater表达饮用水,doing说明水的用途;

engineeringtechniques表达工程技术,doing说明技术F艮定的领域;

2022新高考I卷举例:

Covering(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNP

willbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.现在分词作状语,表主动

2020全国III卷举例:

Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurrounding(surround)

themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.现在分词作定语,表主动和进行

3Jdone

done也可做,置定语或后置定语;表达被动、完成的状态;

前"置定语done可做形今词,修饰后面的名词;

后置定语done则考虑与do这个动作发出者是否是动宾关系;

2021年新高考I卷举例:

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Butthafshownatureis一alwaysleavingusastonished(astonish).过去分词作宾语补足语,

表被动和吏,成

二、变形

1.adj.—adv.形衮词变副词,考特殊变化:

1)-ble/-le结尾的形衮词,去掉e,再加y变成副词

terrible—terribly;possible—possibly;responsible—responsibly;wholewholly;

2)-ic结尾的形意词,加-ally

basic—basically;specific—specifically;enthusiasticenthusiastically;scientific—

scientifically;automatic--automatically;

3)-ue结尾的形衮词,去掉e,再加ly

true—truly

4)-11结尾的形家词,直接加y

full—fully,dull—dully

2.n./v.—adj.

1)动词变形衮词的几种常见形式:ed;able;sive;tive;ful;ous;

动词形家词动词形余词

ableaccessaccessiblesivedecidedecisive

admireadmirableimpressimpressive

adjustadjustabledefenddefensive

adaptadaptable

动词形态词

suitsuitabletivecompetecompetitive

sustainsustainableaddictaddictive

valuevaluableattractattractive

relyreliabledetectdetective

detectdetective

动词形今词

第5页共21页

fulharmharmful

powerpowerful

peacepeaceful

endangerendangered

2)名词变形衮词的几种常见形式:al;

名词形家词名词形态词

alagricultureagriculturalbenefitbeneficial

cultureculturaloriginoriginal

emotionemotionalnutritionnutritional

economyeconomicalcommercecommercial

professionprofessionalinfluenceinfluential

adj./n.

functionfunctional

globeglobalvisionvisual

3.v./adj.—n.

1)动词变名词的几种常见形式:tion;sion;ment;al;

动词名词动词名词

tionadoptadoptionappreciateappreciation

affectaffectionassociateassociation

attractattractioncalculatecalculation

collectcollectioncelebratecelebration

protectprotectionconcentrateconcentration

exhibitexhibitioncontributecontribution

electelectioncooperatecooperation

constructconstructioncongratulatecongratulation

decoratedecorationdevotedevotion

destructdestructiondistributedistribution

distinctdistrinctiondonatedonation

electelectiongraduategraduation

extinctextinctionhesitatehesitation

第6页共21页

inspectinspectioninspireinspiration

interruptinterruptioninterveneintervention

reactreactionlocatelocation

restrictrestrictionpollutepollution

reflectreflectionpromotepromotion

rejectrejectionparticipateparticipation

selectselectiondedicatededication

prohibitprohibitionseparateseparation

adaptadaptationaddaddition

reservereservationcomposecomposition

conserveconservationapplyapplication

preservepreservationreducereduction

admireadmirationoccupyoccupation

declaredeclarationexamexamination

determinedeterminationdescribedescription

explainexplanationassumeassumption

organizeorganizationconsumeconsumption

inviteinvitationintendintention

investigateinvestigationsolvesolution

informinformationrecognizerecognition

recommendrecommendationresolveresolution

consultconsultationqualifyqualification

reciterecitationdepartdeparture

competecompetition

composecomposition

动词名词动词名词

sionadmitadmissionexpressexpression

explodeexplosionimpressimpression

expandexpansionpossesspossession

concludeconclusionreviserevision

decidedecisiondepartment

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dividedivision

动词名词动词名词

mentjudgejudgementimproveimprovement

argueargumentachieveachievement

astonishastonishmentadvertiseadvertisement

appointappointmentencourageencouragement

assessassessmentarrangearrangement

disappointdisappointmentgoverngovernment

embarrassembarrassmentassignassignment

entertainentertainmenttreattreatment

equipequipmentappointappointment

investinvestmentannounceannouncement

attachattachmentreplacereplacement

动词名词

alsurvivesurvival

removeremoval

approveapproval

2)形今词变名词的几种常见形式:t—ce;ness;

形今词名词形态词名词

t-ceabsentabsenceignorantignorance

accurateaccuracyfluentfluency

confidentconfidencesilentsilence

competentcompetencesignificantsignificance

distantdistancetoleranttolerance

innocentinnocencepatientpatience

intelligentintelligenceviolentviolence

形今词名词形今词名词

nessawareawarenessrichrichness

fitfitnesshappy

happiness幸才星

第8页共21页

2024新课标I卷:Thelatestengineeringtechniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective

functional(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.

function为名词,意为"功能”,此处需用形衮词functional修饰名词structure,表示

”起作用的;功能性的“

2024新课标I卷:Incoldweather,thestructurestaysclosed(close)toprotecttheplants,

close作动词时意为“关闭”,这里用其形意词形式closed,表示“关闭的”,作表语

2024全国I卷:TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,to

housetheplantsofthesouth-westernpartofChinaattheendofapathretracingthesteps

alongtheSilkRoutethatbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefine

muchoftherichness(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.

rich是形衮词,意为“富裕的;丰富的“,此处用其名词形式richness,表示“丰富;富

饶”

2024全国II卷:ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford'sinternationalvisibility

(visible),visible是形衮词,意为“可见的“,这里用其名词形式visibility,表示“知名

度;可见性”

2023新课标II卷:Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmore

comfortableandconfident(confidence)speakingEnglish.

confidence是名词,意为"信心”,这里用其形意词形式confident,表示“自信的“,作

表语

2022浙江卷1月「Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedtheinvitation(invite).

invite是动词,意为"邀请”,此处.用其名词形式invitation,表示“邀请;邀_请书”,作

宾语

2021浙江6月卷:Theyhaveadaily(day)routinethattheyfollowstrictly.

第9页共21页

day是名词,意为“夭;右夭”,这里用其形衮词形式daily,表示“每日的;日常的“,

修饰名词routine,此类的还有month变成monthly,friend变成friendly

三、冠词

1.不定冠词a,an,主要考虑元音或辅音音素,记住特殊情况比如university这种u字

母的发字母音的时候前■面用不定冠词a,除此之外,剩下的五个元音字母a/e/i/o/u,

发音大都是元音;

2.定冠词the的使用:

1J名词带后置定语,大多表特指;

2)名词表示独一无二的事物,比如theGreatWall,thesun,themoon等;

3J固定塔配

序教词、形衮词比较级或最高级:thefirst第一,thefastest最快的;thetallerone两者

比较较嵩的;themore...,themore…越...越...;

表时间的:allthetime总是;atthemoment目前、现在;atthesametime与此同时;

theotherday前■几天、不久前的一天;forthetimebeing暂时、眼下;

表概括的:onthewhole总的来说、大体上;totellthetruth说实话;

inthelongrun从长逅看;onthecontrary相反;

名词搭配:onthespot在现场;alltheway一直、一路上;

onthebasisof...以...为基石出;

undertheinfluence/controlof…在…影响/控制下;

atthesightof…一看见...就...;inthefaceof…面对...;

2024年新高考I卷:

Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhousewalksvisitorsthroughajourney

influencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescameto

第10页共21页

Britainforthefirsttime.

2023年新高考I卷:

Themeatshouldbefreshwithatouchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.

atouchofsth~点、点、,有一点、

2023年浙江1月卷:

Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity,the

SummerPalace,andtheTempleofHeaven,thehutongsreflectthecultureofgrassroots

Beijingers.

2022年新嵩考I卷:

CoveringanareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbe

oneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.

2021年新高考I卷:Whileyou'reinChina,MountHuangshanisamusttovisit!

2021年全国甲卷:Ittookusabout3hourstogoallthewayaroundtheXi'anCityWall.

四、连词

1.并列连词and,but,or,可并列单词、短语、句子;

2.从属连词,多起连接或者承担某种意义:

1J引导名词性从句或者定语从句,确定从句类型,定语从句前面多为名词;名词性

从句多承担句子的某个成分,比如主语、宾语、表语等;

2)引导状语从句,表达时间、因果、条件、转折,缺什么意思,就填什么连词;

2024年浙江1月卷:

Eitheryourshoppingisthentooheavytocarryhomeoryoucan'tusewhatyou'vebought

whileit'sstillfresh.

2024年新高考II卷:

第11页共21页

RecallingwatchingaChineseoperaversionofShakespeare'splayRichardIIIinShanghaiand

meetingChineseactorswhocametoStratfordafewyearsagotoperformpartsofThePeony

Pavilion,Edmondsonsaid,“ItwasveryexcitingtoheartheChineselanguageandseehow

Tang'splaywasbeingperformed.

2023年新高考I卷:

Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhethertobiteasmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamand

riskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplode

onyourtongue.

2023年浙江1月卷:

DuringChina'sdynasticperiod,emperorsplannedthecityofBeijingandarrangedthe

residentialareasaccordingtosocialclasses.

2022年新嵩考I卷:

Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNPis

designedtoreflecttheguidingprincipleof"protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)

ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,and

leavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(密产)fbrfuturegenerations^^.

2021年浙江卷:

AlthoughMarylovedflowers,neithershenorherhusbandwasknownasagardener.

五、代词

注意区分it,it's=itis,its,itself;考察多以人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词为主,根

据指代的意义,以及语境中缺乏的意义填空;

2023年新高考I卷:Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem

tobeliftedoutofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof42their

第12页共21页

contents。

2022年全国乙卷:TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)atthe

ceremony,openingitsfirstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth-ASpecialExhibitionofPu'er

Tea。

2022年匕京卷:Sincepeoplecan'talwayseatoutorcookforthemselves,theygettakeout

ororderdeliveryo

2021年全国乙卷:Ecotourismhasitsoriginwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.

Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconceptuntilthelate1980s。

2021年新嵩考I卷:Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”,

anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory.Itsuredoesinmine.

2021年浙江卷:Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionofher,everything

ingoodtasteandinperfectordero

2020年全国I卷:Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashowmuchiceandother

treasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunar(月球的)

basearepracticalo

2020年新高考卷:Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations

(模拟)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougha

rainforesto

六、介词,熟悉搭配,合理归类,各个突破

1.as作为介词,句中缺乏作为的意思,比如serveas,actas,standas;

2.to可作为介词,表达某种指句,或者固定搭配,比如besimilartosth;befamiliartosb

等;

3.by作为介词,表达的意义大概三类,第一类表达方式,比如byhand,bydoingsth,表

第13页共21页

示用…或者通过…方式j;第二类表达时间,在…之前,比如bytheendoflastyear,表

示新止到去年年底;第三类表达,史间,比如在…旁边:bythepark,经过:passby;

4.with作为介词,表达的意义大概三类,第一类与动词塔配,表达和…一起,一般是

和人一起,比如agreewithsb,playwithsb,goalongwithsb;第二类与形忘词搭配,

表达某种感情,besatisfiedwithsth,befamiliarwithsth;第三类与名词塔配,表

达某种方式j,withembarrassment,withcare;第四类表达带有、具有或者携带某种工

具、使用某种手段或材料thegirlwithlonghair,makeacakewithflour,eggsandsugar;

2023年新高考I卷:Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingand

lesssoup,andthewrappersarepressedbyhandratherthanrolled.

2023年全国甲卷:Sheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibilityforsavingtheir

environment.

2023年全国乙卷:FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itis

hometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecity

keepingitscarefullybuiltsystemofringroads.

2023年浙江1月卷:ThankstoBeijing'slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almostevery

hutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoricevents.

2022年新嵩考I舂:Giantpandasalsoserveasanumbrellaspecies(物种),bringing

protectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.

2021年新嵩考I卷:Acompanyrepresentativewrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewas

switchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.

阅揍理解解题技巧

第14页共21页

题干关键词

细节理解题选项关键词甄别、排除

原文定位关键词

主旨大篇题

阅读理解

观点态度题

大意总结

文章出处题

敏感词汇

细节理解题

1.题干

1J题干与文章关键词呼应,原词誉换或者同近义词格换,圈划关键词一定传一排

除;

2)关注大写字母开头的名词,多是人名、地名、术语等,定住文章一排除选项;

2.选项

U选项与文章关键词呼应,原词格换或者同近义誉换;

2J意义拼凑,定位文章—挑除选项—领定正确选项;

主旨大意题

1.段落百句+中心词复现一段意归纳概括;

2.文章聂稗走向+结构总分/分总/总分总+中心词复现=主旨

第15页共21页

3.关注爱辑转折、对比、因果类等近辑敏感词

转折:however,yet,but,nevertheless,although,though,despite,inspiteof,regardlessof...;

对比:while,onthecontrary,incontrast,ontheotherhand,bycomparison,compared

to/withsth...;

因果:so,therefore,hence,consequently,asaresult,toconclude,inshort,onthewhole,

thafswhy...;

举例:say比如;like像,例如;including包括;suchas/forexample/forinstance比

如;

解释:mean意味着;bedefinedas…定义;standfor代表;referto指的是;inother

words换句话说,toputitinanotherway换句话说;

三、观点点度题

人物评价:devoted/loyal忠诚的;reliable/trustworthy可信赖的;generous慷慨的,

丰富的;enthusiastic热情的;energetic有活力的;thoughtful/considerate考

虑周到的,体贴的;courageous勇敢的;adventurous有冒险精神的;

professional专业的;knowledgeable博学的;caring/helpful乐于助人的;

intelligent聪明的,有智慧的;insightful有洞察力的;diligent勤奋的;

determined有决心的,cooperative合作的,乐于配合的;humble/modest嫌

虚的;optimistic乐观的;humorous幽默的;

事物评价:efficient高效的;demanding要求高的;predictable可预测的;far-reaching

影响深远.的;risky有风险的;costly代价高的;controversial有争议的;

authoritative权威的;profitable有利润的;influential有影响力的;eventful

多变故的;simpleandplain简单明了的;straightforward简单的,易懂的;

ineffective无效的;inconsistent不一玫的;unattractive不吸引人的;

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inexpensive便宜的;

观点态度:positive积极的,赞同的;favorable肯定的,赞成的;approving同意的,

赞许的;appreciative感激的,资费的;supportive支持的,鼓励的;

complimentary赞美的,歙佩的;sympathetic同情的;tolerant装忍的,宽

衮的;reasonable合理的;

objective客观的;unclear不请楚的;ambiguous模糊的;cautious小心的、

谨慎的;conservative保守的,传统的;neutral中立的;impartial公正的,

不偏不倚的;wait-and-see观望的;

dismissive冷漠的;doubtful,skeptical,suspicious怀疑的;indifferent漠不关

心的;uncaring冷漠的;intolerant不忘忍的;unwilling不愿意的;

disapproving不赞同的;critical批判的;pessimistic悲观的;opposed反对

的;negative消极的;concerned忧虑的;biased有偏见的;impersonal冷

淡的,不受感情影响的;

四、文章出处题

1.网站website,awebpage,文中提到click,download,access等敏感词;

2.研究sciencearticle,paper,researchreport,文中提到university,expert,tutor,professor,

research,study等敏感词;

3.课程course,文中提到grade,score,test,assignment等敏感词;

4.书评review,文中提到bookname,author,comment,review等敏感词;

5.传记biography,autobiography,文中提到人物的经历;

6.导游手册brochure,guide,文中提到touristattraction,bookticket等敏感词;

五、阅读理解中的同义费换

1.名词

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问题problem—issue;机会chanceopportunity;建议suggestion--proposalj

目标goal—aim—purpose—target—objective;

困难difficulty—barrier障碍challenge挑战trouble麻烦;

缺点、劣势disadvantage—drawback--weakness;

优势advantage—benefit好处一strength长处一virtue美德;

地区、区域districtregion—zone—area;遵难所shelter—refuge—sanctuary;

2.动词

认为considerbelieve认为claim声称、断言argue主张、争辩assume假

设、认为一insist坚特一hold持有(<AJsuggest表明、暗示一note指出、记录;

确认、证实confirm—demonstrate证明、演示identify查明、确ik—recognize辨

别、承认;强调stress—emphasize—highlight;

-ifjudge—assess—evaluate—comment—remark评价n.淡论、说起v.—estimate估

讨measure测量、估量一rate评价、划分等级;

处理dealwith—handle—tackleaddress—approach解决solve—resolve解决get

ridof摆脱、除去;relieve—ease减较、缓解;

T降decline—decrease—drop—fall—reduce;

改善improve—enhance提高—promote促进、晋升upgrade升级、女善;

facilitate促进contribute促成一push促使stimulate促进、激发、剌激;

鼓舞、激励inspire—motivateencourage;

模拟simulatecopy—模仿model使模仿、做模型;

暴露expose—reveal揭露一showcase展示;express—convey表达;

改变change—shift切换一transform转变一switch转变、改变;

反对oppose—resist抵j抗、抵j制--standupto抵j抗、对抗;

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彳只累accumulate—colle

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