三维设计 新课标高考总复习 英语 课时跟踪检测 必修第一册 UNIT 4 单元主题训练

1/8UNIT4单元主题训练课时作业(一)语篇阅读训练——保准度Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·德阳二模)AfterbeingattackedbyHurricaneIda's150mphwindsandtorrentialrains,hundredsofthousandsofGulfCoastresidentswereleftwithoutpowerandfreshwaterthisweekasa100-degreeheatwavesettledovertheregion.IdasmashedintoLouisianaasaCategory4hurricane,rippingoffroofs,knockingouttransmissionlines,floodingroads,andreducingsomebrickbuildingsindowntownNewOrleanstorubble.Atleasteightpeoplediedinthestormandthe_tollisexpectedtoriseasemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses.OneofthemostpowerfulhurricanestoeverhittheUSmainland,Idabroughta5to12-footstormsurgethatcoveredlow-lyingcommunitiesinsoutheasternLouisiana.GrandIsleisnow“uninhabitable”，saidParishPresidentCynthiaLeeSheng,with3feetofsandcoveringtheentirebarrierislandand40percentofthebuildingscompletelydestroyed.ThestormcausedacitywideblackoutinNewOrleans,butaHurricaneKatrina-leveldisasterwasavoidedthere,thanksinparttothe$14.5billionspentonnewlevees,seawalls,andpumpsafterthe2005storm.ExpertsarewarningthatIdacouldworsentheCovidcrisisintheGulfCoast,asresidentscrowdtogetherinhomesandemergencyshelterswithoutimmediateaccesstotestingormedicalcare.ICUsinLouisiana,Mississippi,andAlabamahospitalswerealreadynearcapacitybeforethestormhit.Nearly1millionpeoplearestillwithoutpoweracrossLouisiana,andauthoritieswarneditcouldbeweeksbeforeelectricityisrestored.“Ifyouhavealreadyevacuated，”saidGov.JohnBelEdwards,“donotreturnhere.”语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了飓风艾达给墨西哥湾沿岸居民造成的破坏，以及人们灾后重建的情况。1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHurricaneIda?A．Mild. B．Destructive.C．Uncontrollable. D．Impressive.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段中“IdasmashedintoLouisianaasaCategory4hurricane...asemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses.”可推知，飓风艾达极具破坏性。故选B。2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thetoll”meaninParagraph1?A．Thedeathnumber. B．Theheatwave.C．Thewindspeed. D．Thecitywideblackout.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Atleasteightpeoplediedinthestorm”以及后文“isexpectedtoriseasemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses”可知，至少有8人在风暴中死亡，且随着紧急救援人员搜索被毁的房屋和企业，预计死亡人数还会上升。画线词意思是“死亡人数”。故选A。3．WhatisoneofthereasonsforGrandIsletobeuninhabitable?A．Theentireislandiscoveredwithsand.B．Itisoneofthelow-lyingcommunities.C．Theresidentstherecan'twaittoleave.D．Overhalfofitsbuildingswereinruins.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中“GrandIsleisnow‘uninhabitable，’saidParishPresidentCynthia...completelydestroyed.”可知，这个地方不适合居住的原因之一是整个岛被沙子覆盖了。故选A。4．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheattitudeofGov.JohnBelEdwardstowardstheprospectofLouisiana?A．Ambitious. B．Undoubted.C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Ifyouhavealreadyevacuated，’saidGov.JohnBelEdwards，‘donotreturnhere.’”可推知，JohnBelEdwards州长对路易斯安那州的前景持不自信的态度。故选D。B(2024·石家庄模拟)Themomentthegroundstopsshakingafteranearthquake,somepeoplemaywonderwhethertheirpets—orwildanimalsforthatmatter—knewthedisasterwascoming.Togettothebottomofthisquestion,HeikoWoith,ascientistattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciences,andhiscolleaguesevaluatedmorethan700publishedreportsofunusualbehavioramong130species,includinginsects,birds,fish,cats,dogsandcattlefrom160earthquakes.Therecordsincludedallkindsofbehaviors,includingatigerthatreportedlygotdepressedbeforeanearthquake.Theresearchersfoundthat90percentofallreportedcaseshappenedwithin62milesoftheepicenter(震中)andwithin60daysofanearthquake.Then,theyexaminedwhenandwhereforeshockshadhappenedintheregionandconcludedthatitwashardtosaytheseanimalscouldpredicttheearthquakeitself.Theywerejustrespondingtoforeshocks.“Thespace-timepatternofanimalprecursors(预兆)andforeshocksisstrikinglysimilar，”Woithsaid.“Fromthis,weconcludedthattheabnormalanimalbehaviormightsimplyberelatedtoforeshocks.Theseanimalsarejustrespondingtoforeshocksratherthanpredictingtheearthquake.Theydon'thavesuperpower.”Despitethevastnumberofincidences,goodinformationwaslittleandscientificevidenceislacking.“Amajorsurpriseforuswasthatthelargemajorityofthepublishedclaimswerebuiltonpoorobservationaldata,whichdidnotstandasstatisticalscientificproof，”Woithsaid.Tobetterstudywhetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes,Woithandhiscolleaguessuggestedthatresearchersaskanumberofyes-or-noquestionsinanyupcomingexperiments,including“Istheexperimentalsetupandmonitoringprocedureclearlydescribedandreproducible？”and“Isitproventhattheanimalbehaviorisreallyunusual？”Meanwhile,humansareworkingontechnologiesthatcandetectearthquakessecondsbeforetheyhit.Hopefully,wewillhavesuchdevicestowarnpeoplethattheearthquakeiscoming.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。尽管每次地震过后总有动物异常行为的报道，然而动物能够预测地震这种结论缺乏科学依据。动物的异常行为只能说明对前震有所反应，并不能说明它们可以预测地震。5．HowdidWoithconductthestudy?A．Byanalyzingformerreports.B．Byobservinganimals'behavior.C．Bycollectingdataintheearthquake.D．Bycomparinganimals'differentresponses.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Woith评估了很多动物异常行为的报告，从而去指导研究。故选A。6．WhatisWoith'snewfinding?A．Tigersbecomedepressedeasily.B．Certainanimalshavesuperpower.C．Someanimalscanreacttoforeshocks.D．Animalsinthesameareaactsimilarly.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段内容和第四段中“From...theearthquake.Theydon'thavesuperpower.”可知，并没有足够的证据说明动物能够预测地震，但是它们会对前震有反应。故选C项。7．Whatsurprisedthescientistsinthestudy?A．Allreportedcasestookplaceinthesamearea.B．Thereweretoomanyreportsaboutforeshocks.C．Someanimalsactstrangelybeforeearthquakes.D．Thepreviousreportslackaccuratedatasupport.解析：选D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Amajorsurprise...scientificproof”可知，之前的观点大多都是建立在观察数据基础之上的，不能作为科学证据。故选D项。8．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A．Howanimalsbehaveinearthquakes.B．Whetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes.C．Whatisthelinkbetweenanimalsandearthquakes.D．Whypeoplestudyanimals'behaviorinearthquakes.解析：B主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章在讨论动物是否具有预测地震的超能力。故选B项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblorrockedSouthernCaliforniaonJuly5,2019,just34hoursafteramagnitude6.4earthquakehitthesamearea.Thislatesteventwaswidelyfelt.__9__Aftershocksareexpectedtocontinue.Earthquakesarealsocalledtemblors.__10__It'shardtoimaginetheyhappenbythethousandseverydayaroundtheworld,usuallyintheformofsmalltremors.Some80%ofalltheplanet'searthquakeshappenalongtherim(边缘)ofthePacificOcean.__11__Thatisbecauseofalotofvolcanicactivitythere,aswell.Scientistsgiveamagnituderatingtoearthquakesbasedonthestrengthanddurationoftheirseismic(地震的)waves.Amagnitudeof3to4.9isconsideredminororlight;5to6.9ismoderate(中等的)tostrong;7to7.9ismajor;and8ormoreisgreat.__12__Some10,000peopledieinearthquakeseveryyear.Earthquakesmayalsoleadtoothernaturaldisasters.Smallertemblorsthatusuallyhappeninthedaysfollowingalargeearthquakecancausefurtherdeathanddamage.__13__A．Itiscalledthe“RingofFire”．B．Theycancausehugedamage.C．Protectyourselfasquicklyaspossible.D．Infact,amagnitude8quakestrikessomewhereeveryyear.E．Lossoflifecanbeavoidedthroughplanningandeducation.F．Oneimportantwayistotrytomakeyourhomeassafeaspossible.G．ItcausedseveralfiresanddamagetobuildingsandroadsinRidgecrestandnearby.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章以2019年发生在加利福尼亚州的地震为例介绍了地震的相关知识。9．选G上文中提到加利福尼亚州发生了7.1级地震，G项指出了此次地震所造成的结果，其中的It指代上文中的“Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblor”。10．选BB项中的They指代上文中的Earthquakes，B项中的“causehugedamage”与下文中的“It'shardtoimaginetheyhappen”语义上形成连贯，指出地震的危害。11．选A下文中的“alotofvolcanicactivitythere”解释了A项中“RingofFire”——环太平洋火山带的含义。12．选DD项承接上文中的“8ormoreisgreat”，与下文中的“Some10,000peopledieinearthquakeseveryyear”之间是并列关系，指出了全球每年地震发生的概况。13．选E上句提到大地震之后发生的震级较小的地震会造成进一步的死亡与损失。E项指出了避免造成这一损失的方法与措施。Ⅲ.完形填空(2025·广州模拟)Iwasheadinghomeaftergivingmycolleaguealift.Itooka__14__asthesnowstormwasapproaching.Thenthesnowstartedandwascomingdown__15__.WithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.Thewindowswere__16__andgettingcoveredwithsnow,soIsloweddownandrolleddownmydriver'ssidewindow,thinkingIcouldbetter__17__theroadedgeandkeeptoastraightline.Butreally,Ihadno__18__whereIwas.Istoppedandkeptthecarrunningtostay__19__.Icalled911.Theoperatortoldmetowaitthingsoutforthenight.Thecallleftmein__20__.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Anideaoccurredtome.I__21__mylocationonlineandexplainedwhatIwas__22__，wishingforanyonetocometomyrescue.Soonenough,peoplestartedchiminginonmypost.Igota__23__fromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwithpeoplenearby.Ihadneverbeenmore__24__.ThenIsawabig__25__inthedark.Hehadwalkedabout500metrestogetme,__26__thewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.“You'llbeOK.Followme.”Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthe__27__.Idroveslowlybehindhim.Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburstintotearsof__28__.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，描述了作者在一场突如其来的暴风雪中迷路并被困在车中，随后通过社交媒体发出求救信号，最终得到一位陌生人的救援，并被引领至安全之地的经历。14．A.shortcut B．turnC．look D．risk解析：选D根据下文“asthesnowstormwasapproaching”可知，作者冒着风险(risk)。15．A.soon B．fastC．lightly D．suddenly解析：选B根据下文“WithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.”可知，雪下得很快(fast)。16．A.locked B．closedC．frozen D．broken解析：选C根据下文“gettingcoveredwithsnow”可知，此处说的是暴风雪中车窗的状态，分析选项，C项的frozen符合语境。17．A.follow B．coverC．mark D．remember解析：选A根据下文“theroadedgeandkeeptoastraightline”可知，此处说的是沿着(follow)路边。18．A.plan B．clueC．doubt D．problem解析：选B根据下文“Istoppedandkeptthecarrunning”以及“Icalled911”可知，作者因暴风雪迷路，不知道自己在哪里。19．A.awake B．calmC．warm D．still解析：选C根据上文“Istoppedandkeptthecarrunning”可知，作者停下来，但为了取暖(staywarm)，仍然保持汽车发动机运转。20．A.confusion B．troubleC．embarrassment D．panic解析：选D根据上文“Icalled911.Theoperatortoldmetowaitthingsoutforthenight”可知，作者报警求救，却被告知要等一晚上，故作者感到惊慌失措(panic)。21．A.confirmed B．foundC．posted D．checked解析：选C根据下文“Soonenough,peoplestartedchiminginonmypost”可知，作者在网上发了帖子。22．A.lookingat B．goingthroughC．searchingfor D．carryingout解析：选B根据下文“wishingforanyonetocometomyrescue”可知，作者解释的是自己经历的事情。23．A.tip B．commentC．like D．message解析：选D根据下文“whowasgoingtoputmeintouchwithpeoplenearby”可知，作者收到了一条消息(message)。24．A.inspired B．relievedC．convinced D．amazed解析：选B根据上文“whowasgoingtoputmeintouchwithpeoplenearby”可知，在困境中有陌生人打算帮助作者，使作者感到如释重负(relieved)。25．A.policeman B．creatureC．shadow D．figure解析：选D根据下文“Hehadwalkedabout500metrestogetme”可知，此处指的是一个高大的人影。26．A.fighting B．avoidingC．checking D．reporting解析：选A根据第二段“Thenthesnowstartedandwascomingdown________.WithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.”可知，帮助作者的人顶着风雪前来。27．A.goal B．dangerC．depth D．direction解析：选D根据下文“Idroveslowlybehindhim”可知，前来帮助的人知道方向，所以作者开车跟着他。28．A.hope B．loveC．gratitude D．pride解析：选C根据上文“Butreally,Ihadno________whereIwas.”以及“Whenwereachedhishouse”可知，作者在暴风雪中迷路时收到了来自陌生人的帮助，故作者心怀感激。Ⅳ.语法填空Naturalphenomena(现象)cansometimesstrikeveryhardandcausedisastersifeffectivemeasureshavenotbeentakenorifsomehuman__1__(activity)haveharmedthenaturalenvironment.Forexample,toomuchwaterthatthesoil__2__(be)unabletotakeincancausefloods,whiletoolittlewaterinsomeareascanleadtodrought.Butpeoplecanmakesituations__3__(bad),forexample,whentreesarecutdownandnonewones__4__(plant)．Thismakesthesoilverydry,whichcancreateconditions__5__(high)suitableforsoilbeingblownaway.What'smore,whenraincomes,theremightnotbeenoughrootsandplantcover__6__(make)thesoilsticktogether,andalandslidecantakeplace.Mostwildfiresarecauseddirectlyorindirectly__7__people.Farmers,forexample,sometimesburn__8__(they)fieldstodealwithwildplantsbeforeplanting,andthefirecangetoutofcontrol.Sometimespeoplearecarelesswhensmokingorforgettoputoutcampfireswhentheygocamping.Alittlesparkissometimesallittakestostart__9__fire.Ifwedestroypartsofnaturesuchasforestsandmountainplants,wearedestroyingthenaturalbarriers__10__protectusfromtsunamis,droughts,landslides,floodsandotherdisasters.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了人类与自然灾害之间的关系。1．activities考查名词复数。根据其后的谓语动词have及语境可知，这里指“一些人类活动”，表示泛指，故填复数形式。2．is