江苏省镇江市高三4月学情调查考试英语试卷（含听力）

高三年级学情调查考试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whowilltakethewomanhometoday?A.Eric. B.Tommy. C.Jane.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Eric.Canyougivemearidehometoday?Ihopeit’snottoomuchtrouble.M:IhavetodropoffTommyandJanetoo,buttherewillbeenoughspace.W:Okay,great,thanks.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatpayingmethoddoesTimmostlysuggest?A.WeChatpay. B.Bankcards. C.Creditcards.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:HiTim.I’mgoingtoAmericanextWeek.WillmyChinesebankcardsworkthere?M:I’mnotsureaboutbankcards,butyoucanpaybycreditcardinmostplaces.WeChatpaymaybeacceptableinmanytouristareas.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afestival. B.Anancestor. C.Akindoffood.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Lisa,whatisTombsweepingDay?W:It’satraditionalChinesefestivalwherewepayrespecttoourancestorsanddeadfamilymembers.M:Oh,Iseeyouguyseatsomegreendumplings.Whataretheymadeof?W:Stickyriceandvegetablejuicewithredbeansinside.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whendoesthewoman’sflighttakeoff?A.ThisSaturday. B.ThisSunday. C.ThisFriday.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Linda,youaretravelingtoNewYorkthisSaturday?W:No,therewerenoflightticketsforOct.20,soIbookedaticketforOct.21.M:Well,Iwishyouagoodtrip.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.It’sextremelyhotoutside. B.Shewantstoswim. C.Swimmingisgoodforhealth.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:I’mgoingswimming.DoyouWanttoe?IthelpsyoutoloseWeight.W:No,Ican’tswimoutsidenow.Lookatthesun!Icanjuststandoutsideandsweat.Whataday!第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whydidthemanchoosethecafearoundthecorner?A.Foritsbettertaste. B.Foritsshorterdistance. C.Foritslowerprice.7.Howmuchwillthewomanpay?A.10dollars. B.16dollars. C.20dollars.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Katherine,I’mgoingtomakeacoffeerun.DoyouWantacup?W:Idoneedsomecoffee.I’msosleepynow.Whereareyougoing?M:Thecafearoundthecorner.They’vegotaspecialpromotiongoingonrightnow.20%off.Youcanrefertothemenuonitsleaflet.W:OK,cool.JustgetmealargeAmericanowithtwosugarpacketsontheside,please.Itsoriginalpriceis10dollars.M:LargeAmericano,twosugars.Noproblem.Anythingelse?W:Ialsoneedacappuccino,ifyoudon’tmind.ItspriceisthesameaslargeAmericano.M:Gotit!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatjobmaythemanwant?A.Awaiter. B.Asciencetutor. C.Alabassistant.9.Wherecanthemangetinformationaboutthejobs?A.Fromhisteachers. B.Inhisschoollab. C.Ontheuniversitywebsite.【答案】8.C9.C【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Diana.Ineedtofindaparttimejobthissemester.W:YoucouldbeaWaiterorWorkinagrocerystore.M:That’snotbad,butI’mlookingforajobrelatedtomymajor.W:Oh,Well,myfriendneedsasciencetutor.Whenareyouavailable?M:I’mfineafter3:00,butI’dlikeajoboncampus.W:Thenyoucouldbealabassistantorateacherassistant.Thepayis$20anhour.M:That’sactuallyagreatidea.WherecanIapplyforthesejobs?W:CheckontheuniversityWebsite.Theypostatonofjobsthereforusstudents.M:I’llhavealook.Thanks!Ithoughtaboutdoingsomevolunteering,too.W:Yeah,Ididsomelastsemester.Itlooksgreatonyourresume.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.What’shappenedtothewoman’sTshirt?A.Itbeessmaller. B.Itbeespink. C.Itbeesdirty.11.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Followtheinstructions. B.DrycleantheTshirt. C.Throwawaythelabel.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandemployee. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Husbandandwife.【答案】10.B11.A12.C【解析】【原文】W:Ohno!MyfavoriteWoolsweaterisdestroyed!M:Oops,mybad.Ithoughtitcouldgointhewasheranddryer.W:No!Youhavetoreadthelabel.Itsaysitcanonlybedrycleaned.M:I’msosorry,mymistake.I’lldothatnexttime.W:Also,lookatthis.MywhiteTshirtispink!Youhavetoseparatethewhitesandcolors.M:Oh,you’reright!WhydoIalwaysforgetthat?W:Honey,pleasefollowalltheinstructionsbeforeyoudothelaundry.M:Allright.Iwillwashtheclothesproperlynexttime.Nomoremistakes.Startingnow.W:You!Thisclothesstillsmellsbad,too!Didyouaddlaundrypowder?M:Umm,don’tgetangry,butIthinkIforgot.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Drivingacar. B.Seeingadoctor. C.WatchingTV.14.Whyisthewomanglad?A.Hersightisbetterthanbefore.B.Sheneedn’twearglassesanymore.C.Nothingmoreserioushappenstoher.15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Takeoffherglasses. B.Useputersless. C.Doeyeexamsregularly.16.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardswearingglasses?A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Ambiguous.【答案】13.B14.C15.B16.A【解析】【原文】W:Ican’tseeveryclearlythesedays,Dr.Jones.M:Hmm,doyouownapairofglasses?W:Yeah.IwearglassesbutonlywhenI’mdrivingorwatchingTV.M:Isuggestthatwedoaneyeexam.Ithinkyoursighthasgottenworse.W:Really?I’mgladIcametoseeyou.Iwasworrieditwassomethingmoreserious.M:Youneedastrongerpairofglasses.Also,you’llneedtostartwearingthemallthetime.W:That’sfine.Ilovewearingglasses.HowcanItakebettercareofmyeyes?M:Don’tlookatyourphoneandputerforalongtime.Andwearsunglassesoutside!听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.What’s“InterestingCulture”?A.Aradioprogram. B.Aschoollecture. C.Asocialorganization.18.Wheredoesapersonsingsongsinwesternkaraoke?A.Atatable. B.Onastage. C.Inaroom.19.Whousuallycontrolsthesongsinwesternkaraoke?A.Thesinger. B.Theaudience. C.TheDJ.20.HowdoesasingerchoosesongsinChina’skaraoke?A.Bywritingonapaper. B.Byselectingonascreen. C.ByturningtotheDJ.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.B【解析】【原文】everyone.Thiseveryone.ThisisLucyGreenwith“InterestingCulture”ontheair.WeallknowkaraokeisabigpartofAsianculture,butit’salsoawellstrangers.Peoplefriends.Becauseit.Itwe’regoingtotalkaboutthemeandifferencesbetweenthem.InChina,youcanbookaprivateroomforjustyouandyourfriends.Westernkaraoke,ontheotherhand,isforpeopletosinginfrontofstrangers.Peopleatthebargoonastageandsinginfrontofeverybodyatthebar,notjusttheirfriends.Becauseofthat,noteveryonewillenjoy.Ifthekeyistoohigh.thenit’shardforanyonetosing.KaraokeinNorthAmericaisanopenevent,sothereisalwaysaDJwhoismanagingthemicsandsongs.ThebarusuallyhirestheDJfortheseevents,whichareusuallyonceaweek.BecausetheDJcontrolsthesong,youcan’tskipasong,andit’salsodifficulttocancelasong.InChina,there’salwaysasongbookorascreenwithamenuforchoosingthesongyouwanttosing.ButinNorthAmerica,thereoftenisn’tevenabook.Peopleoftenjustwritetheirnameandsongrequestonalist,thentheDJfindsit.It’snotlikeKTV,wherethesingerselectsasongonthemachinefirst.InWesternkaraoke,whenit’sthatperson’sturn,theDJcallstheperson’sname,andtheygouponstage.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APhotoRetouchingServicesFixthephotooffersonlinephotoretouching(修图)services.Todayweprovideprofessionalonlineretouchingservicesofthehighestlevel.OurretouchersmakeanykindofPhotoshopwork.Simplyuploadphotos,writeyourrequirements,andwe’lltakecareoftherest.PhotoEditing(编辑)ServicesWeProvide:FigureOnly$6perphoto.Wewillmakeportrait(肖像)photoslookgoodandprofessionallyedited.Ourretoucherswillimprovebodyshapesandremoveallunwantedimperfections.Servicesincluded:coloradjustment,skinsmoothing,spotsremoval,andmakeupcorrection.WeddingOnly$0.25perphoto.Givearomanticfeeltoyourphotos.Ourteamwilladdhighlights,adjustcolorsandimprovethebackgroundfast.Servicesincluded:colorcorrection,smoothingoutwrinklesontheskinandclothesandfixinglightingissues.ProductOnly$2.50perphoto.Wewillhelpyouappealtomorecustomers.Ourexpertswillskillfullyedityourproductphotosandmakethemattractive.Servicesincluded:backgroundreplacement,colorcorrection,editingoutshadowsandnoisereduction.JewelleryOnly$5perphoto.Makeyourjewelleryphotosshineandlookperfect.Wewillenhancejewels,replacebackground,makecolorcorrectionandremoveanyunwantedobjects.Servicesincluded:backgroundreplacement,makingthejewelslookshiny,colorenhancement,reflectionremovalandmakingmetalsurfacessmoother.Useouronlinephotoeditingservice,followingjust4simplesteps:1.Createanaccountanduploadyourphotos.2.Writedetailedinstructionsandattachsamplephotos.3.Getyoureditedphotosback.4.Accepttheworkorrequestchanges.Ourphotographyretoucherswillmeetallyourneeds.Youtakephotos,weedit.21.Howmuchwillyouspendifyourportraitphotoneedsmakeupcorrection?A.$0.25. B.$5. C.$2.50. D.$6.22.Whichtwoservicesprovidebackgroundreplacement?A.FigureandWedding. B.FigureandProduct.C.ProductandJewellery. D.WeddingandJewellery.23.Whatisthefirstthingyoumustdoifyouwanttoedityourphotos?A.Openanaccountonthiswebsite. B.Uploadyourphotostoretouchers.C.Giveadetailedselfintroduction. D.Takedownyourownrequirements.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Fixthephoto所提供的修图服务以及各项收费情况。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Figure部分中“Only$6perphoto.Wewillmakeportrait(肖像)photoslookgoodandprofessionallyedited.(每张照片只要6美元。我们将使人像照片看起来很好和专业编辑)”可知，如果你的人像照片需要修图，你要花6美元。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Product部分中“Servicesincluded:backgroundreplacement,colorcorrection,editingoutshadowsandnoisereduction.(服务包括：更换背景，颜色校正，编辑阴影和减少噪音)”以及Jewellery部分中“Servicesincluded:backgroundreplacement,makingthejewelslookshiny,colorenhancement,reflectionremovalandmakingmetalsurfacessmoother.(服务包括：更换背景，使珠宝看起来有光泽，增强颜色，去除反射和使金属表面更光滑)”可知，Product和Jewellery提供更换背景服务。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第五段“1.Createanaccountanduploadyourphotos.(1.创建一个账户并上传你的照片)”可知，如果你想编辑你的照片，你必须做的第一件事是在这个网站上开户。故选A。BAzooinMemphis,Tennessee,isreturningtwogiantpandasthathadbeenonloanfromChinafor20years,promptingcelebrationsbyanimaladvocateswhosaidthehealthoftheanimalshadworsenedduetoneglect.TheannouncementonWednesdaycameaftermonthsofcriticismbyInDefenseofAnimalsandotheradvocacygroupsthathaveaccusedthezooofprovidinginadequatecaretothepandas,YaYaandLeLe.Criticscalledonthezootoprovidethemwithbetterfood,moreuncagedtimeandultimatelyatransfertoapandarefuge.IDApostedavideoonTwitterinFebruarythatshowedthepandaspacingincirclesaroundtheirenclosureasprooftheyweresufferingfrom“physical,mental,andemotionaldeprivation.”ItreceivedthousandsoflikesandwasretweetedbysingerBillieEilish.AspokespersonforthezoosaidthedecisiontoreturnthepandastoChinahadnothingtodowithpressurefromanimaladvocates.ChinarequiresforeignzoosthathostpandasonloantoallowolderanimalstospendtheirfinaldaysonChinesesoil.At24and22,respectively,LeLeandYaYahaveexceededthegiantpandalifeexpectancyinthewildbyalmost10years,accordingtothespokesperson.Giantpandas,whoseblackandwhitefaceshavemadethembelovedaroundtheworld,areconsideredavulnerablespecies,withmuchoftheirmountainousnaturalhabitatinsouthwestChinaunderthreatfromdeforestation.U.S.rdingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,about1,800pandasareleftinthewildandanother500inzoosaroundtheworld.WiththereturnofYaYaandLeLetoChina,U.S.zooswillhaveatotalof10giantpandas.24.WhatisthepurposeofthevideopostedbyIDA?A.Torevealtheunknownhabitsofthepandas.B.Todemandthereleaseoftheilltreatedpandas.C.ToattractpublicattentionandreceivemorelikesD.Toappealforimprovementinthecareofthepandas25.Whydidthezoodecidetoreturnthepandas?A.Thepandashavereachedaripeoldage. B.Thezoowasinfinancialdifficulties.C.Visitorshavelostinterestinthepandas. D.Animaladvocatesputpressureonthezoo.26.Whatisthecurrentstatusofgiantpandasinthewild?A.Theyhaveshortlifeexpectancy. B.Theyarecriticallyendangered.C.Theyarelosingtheirnaturalhabitat. D.Theirpopulationisdramaticallyincreasing.27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IDACallingforReleaseofAbusedPandas B.MemphisPandastoBeReturnedtoChinaC.YaYaandLeLeDyingforaHome D.AVideoofPandasDrawingCriticism【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。田纳西州孟菲斯的一家动物园将归还从中国租借了20年的两只大熊猫，动物保护人士对此表示庆祝，他们表示，由于被忽视，大熊猫的健康状况已经恶化。文章主要介绍了孟菲斯动物园熊猫乐乐和丫丫的情况以及野生大熊猫的生存情况。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“TheannouncementonWednesdaycameaftermonthsofcriticismbyInDefenseofAnimalsandotheradvocacygroupsthathaveaccusedthezooofprovidinginadequatecaretothepandas,YaYaandLeLe.(在周三宣布这一消息之前，动物保护组织和其他倡导组织几个月来一直在批评该动物园对大熊猫丫丫和乐乐照顾不足)”以及第三段“IDApostedavideoonTwitterinFebruarythatshowedthepandaspacingincirclesaroundtheirenclosureasprooftheyweresufferingfrom“physical,mental,andemotionaldeprivation.”ItreceivedthousandsoflikesandwasretweetedbysingerBillieEilish.(今年2月，国际开发协会在推特上发布了一段视频，显示大熊猫在它们的围栏周围绕圈踱步，证明它们正遭受“身体、精神和情感上的剥夺”。这条微博收到了数千个赞，歌手比莉·艾利什转发了这条微博)”可推知，动物保护组织发布这段视频的目的是呼吁改善对熊猫的照顾。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“ChinarequiresforeignzoosthathostpandasonloantoallowolderanimalstospendtheirfinaldaysonChinesesoil.At24and22,respectively,LeLeandYaYahaveexceededthegiantpandalifeexpectancyinthewildbyalmost10years,accordingtothespokesperson.(中国要求租借大熊猫的外国动物园允许年老的大熊猫在中国土地上度过最后的日子。据发言人介绍，乐乐和丫丫分别是24岁和22岁，已经超过了野生大熊猫的预期寿命近10年)”可知，动物园决定归还熊猫是因为熊猫已经很老了。故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Giantpandas,whoseblackandwhitefaceshavemadethembelovedaroundtheworld,areconsideredavulnerablespecies,withmuchoftheirmountainousnaturalhabitatinsouthwestChinaunderthreatfromdeforestation.(大熊猫黑白相间的脸使它们受到全世界的喜爱，但它们被认为是一种脆弱的物种，它们在中国西南部山区的大部分自然栖息地正受到森林砍伐的威胁)”可知，野生大熊猫正在失去它们的自然栖息地。故选C。27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“AzooinMemphis,Tennessee,isreturningtwogiantpandasthathadbeenonloanfromChinafor20years,promptingcelebrationsbyanimaladvocateswhosaidthehealthoftheanimalshadworsenedduetoneglect.(田纳西州孟菲斯的一家动物园将归还从中国租借了20年的两只大熊猫，动物保护人士对此表示庆祝，他们表示，由于被忽视，大熊猫的健康状况已经恶化。)”结合文章主要介绍了孟菲斯动物园熊猫乐乐和丫丫的情况以及野生大熊猫的生存情况。可知，B选项“孟斐斯熊猫将返回中国”最符合文章标题。故选B。CAskbacteriawherethey’dliketolive,andthey’llanswer:akitchensponge(海绵),please.Spongesarethebestplaceforbacteria,capableofhousing54billionbacteriapercubiccentimeter.Inadditiontobeingdamp,airyandloadedwithfoodremains,spongesprovideaperfectphysicalenvironmentforbacteria.Justlikehumans,bacteriapreferdifferentlevelsofinteractionswiththeirpeers.Somebacteriaaremoresocial,whileotherspreferstayingalone.Researchersfoundthatmiddlinglevelsofseparation—similartothatfoundinasponge—maximizethediversityofthemunity.Scientistsseparateddifferentbacterialstrains(菌株),whichhadbeenengineeredtogivelight,intopartments(隔间).Theworkshowedthatanenvironmentwithamiddlingnumberofpartmentspromotesthemostdiversity.Kitchensponge,withallkindsoflargeandsmallholes,notonlyofferanidealnumberofpartmentsforbacteria,butalsoprovidearangeofvaryingsizedpartiesthatcansuitmoreofthebacteria’sneeds.Inexperimentswithakitchensponge,theresearchersfoundthattheresultingbacterialmunitywasmorediversethanthoseproducedinliquidcultures,amonmethodofgrowingbacteriainalaboratory.Fortunately,thebacteriapartyinginyourspongearemostlynonpathogenic.Butifdangerousbacteriadoshowup,thesponge’sspecialstructurewillprobablyhelpthemthrive.“Spongesarenotreallywellsuitedforkitchen”saysMarkusEgert,amicrobiologist,whodidnottakepartinthestudy.“Thereishardlyanysurfacewithoutbacteriaathome,butthekitchenspongeisprobablythemostpopulateditemathome.”Thegoodnewsisthatit’seasytosolvetheproblem.Brushesareamuchsaferalternative.Andifyouloveyoursponge,don’tuseitformeatjuices.Noneedtoinvitebadbacteriatotheparty.28.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Introducingthetopicofthetext.B.Drawingascientificconclusion.C.paringbacteriawithhumanbeings.D.Providingabetterenvironmentforbacteria.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexperiment?ABacteriacanberemovedfromhome.B.Bacteriaprefertoreproduceinlargespaces.C.Kitchenspongeswillsoonbereplacedbybrushes.D.Kitchenspongesareidealitemstoproducebacteria.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nonpathogenic”meaninParagraph6?A.Different B.Safe C.Healthy D.Destructive31.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytakenfrom?A.Acookbook B.Amagazine C.Atextbook D.Anadvertisement【答案】28.A29.D30.B31.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。从科学角度介绍了厨房的海绵是产生细菌的理想物。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据首段“Askbacteriawherethey’dliketolive,andthey’llanswer:akitchensponge(海绵),please.(如果你问细菌它们想生活在哪里，它们会回答：请给我一块厨房海绵。)”以及第二段首句“Spongesarethebestplaceforbacteria,capableofhousing54billionbacteriapercubiccentimeter.(海绵是细菌的最佳栖息地，每立方厘米能容纳540亿个细菌。)”可知，厨房的海绵是细菌的最佳栖息地。且纵观全文，都是在介绍这一话题，由此可推知，第一段的作用是引起文章主题。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段末句“Theworkshowedthatanenvironmentwithamiddlingnumberofpartmentspromotesthemostdiversity.(研究表明，具有中等数量隔间的环境促进了最大的多样性。)”以及第五段首句“Kitchensponge,withallkindsoflargeandsmallholes,notonlyofferanidealnumberofpartmentsforbacteria,butalsoprovidearangeofvaryingsizedpartiesthatcansuitmoreofthebacteria’sneeds.(厨房海绵，有各种大小的孔，不仅为细菌提供了理想数量的隔间，而且还提供了一系列不同大小的聚会，可以满足更多细菌的需求。)”可知，厨房海绵是产生细菌的理想物品。故选D。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据倒数第三段“Fortunately,thebacteriapartyinginyourspongearemostlynonpathogenic.Butifdangerousbacteriadoshowup,thesponge’sspecialstructurewillprobablyhelpthemthrive.(幸运的是，在海绵里聚会的细菌大多是。但如果危险的细菌真的出现了，海绵的特殊结构可能会帮助它们茁壮成长。)”可知，“But”前后为对照关系，其后为“dangerous”，故划线词应为反义词，故为“安全的”。故选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据首段“Askbacteriawherethey’dliketolive,andthey’llanswer:akitchensponge(海绵),please.(如果你问细菌它们想生活在哪里，它们会回答：请给我一块厨房海绵。)”以及纵观全文可知，全篇介绍厨房的海绵是细菌的最佳栖息地。此话题最有可能出现在杂志上。故选B。DEugeneNewmanParker,aleadingfigureinheliospheric(日球层的)physicsforthepasthalfcentury,passedawaypeacefullyathishomeinChicagoonMar.15.Hewas94.Hailed(誉为)asavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.NASAevenstatedthat“thefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDr.EugeneParker.In2018,Parkerbecamethefirstlivingscientisttowitnessthelaunchofaspacecraftthatwasnamedinhishonor.Parkerisbestknownforhisgroundbreakingtheoryontheexistenceofaphenomenoncalled“solarwind”,acontinuousstreamofchargedparticlesthatflowoffthesun.Itcanbeeviolent,causingspaceweatherthatimpactstheEarth.WhenParker’sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithskepticism(怀疑)andridiculebythescientificmunity.Thegeneralviewatthetimewasthatthespacebetweenplanetswasanabsolutevacuum(真空),andwasthuspletelyemptyofanymatter.But,therewerenoerrorsinhisstudyorhiscalculations,andthetheorywaslaterproventobecorrectin1962,whenaNASAspacecraftmissiontoVenusrevealedtheconstantpresenceofasupersonicwind—exactlyasParkerhadpredicted.ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:“Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou’rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoknowthat.”Parkernevercoauthoredapaperwithhisstudents,thusurgingthemtobeindependent.Parkerwashumble,straightforward,andwise.HissonEricsaid,“MysisterJoyceandIdidn’tgetarealfeelforwhata‘bigdog’ourdadwasinthefield.”TheygotanevenbettersensewhenamonthafterParker’sdeath,theytraveledtoLund,Sweden,toacceptonhisbehalftheCrafoordPrizeinAstronomy.32.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.AspacecraftwasnamedinmemoryofParker.B.ThesunhaslesseffectsonEarththanexpected.C.Parkerdeservedcreditforhisgreatcontributions.D.NASAprovidednewinsightsintothelunareffect.33.WhydidpeopleviewParker’stheoryof“solarwind”skepticallyatfirst?A.Itwentagainstthepopularopinionatthattime.B.Somemistakeswerefoundinhiscalculations.C.ThepresenceofasupersonicwindwasprovenbyNASA.D.Matterwasbelievedtoexistinthespacebetweenplanets.34.WhatdidParkersuggestyoungresearchersdo?A.seekclosecooperation B.avoidhighexpectationsC.learnbytrialanderror D.peteagainstothers35.WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeParkeraccordingtothepassage?A.straightforwardandgenerous B.responsibleandaccessibleC.intelligentyetconservative D.distinguishedyetmodest【答案】32.C33.A34.C35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了日球物理学的领军人物，尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及他对年轻人的影响。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.(帕克彻底改变了我们对太阳及其对地球和太阳系内其他天体的影响的认识。)”以及“NASAevenstatedthat“thefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDr.EugeneParker.(美国宇航局甚至表示，“太阳物理学领域的存在在很大程度上要归功于尤金·帕克博士。”)”可知，帕克对整个日球物理学领域做出了极大的贡献，他是值得赞扬的。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“WhenParker’sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithskepticism(怀疑)andridiculebythescientificmunity.(当帕克的研究成果于1958年发表时，他的理论最初遭到了科学界的质疑和嘲笑。)”以及“Thegeneralviewatthetimewasthatthespacebetweenplanetswasanabsolutevacuum(真空),andwasthuspletelyemptyofanymatter.(当时的普遍观点是，行星之间的空间是绝对真空的，因此完全没有任何物质。)”可知，人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度，因为它违背了当时的流行观点。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:“Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou’rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoknowthat.”(这段经历可能导致了帕克经常给年轻研究人员的建议：“如果你做了一些新的或创新的事情，预计会有麻烦。但要批判性地思考，因为如果你错了，你想成为第一个知道这一点的人。”)”可知，帕克给年轻人的建议是从错误和尝试中学习。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hailed(誉为)asavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.(被誉为作为太阳物理学领域的梦想家，帕克彻底改变了我们对太阳及其对地球和太阳系内其他天体影响的理解。)”以及根据最后一段中“Parkerwashumble,straightforward,andwise.(帕克谦逊、直率、睿智。)”可知，帕克是杰出但谦逊的。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thehumanpersonalityisaratherplexandbewilderingthingtostudy.Inordertogainabetterunderstandingofthesubject,peoplehaveattemptedtofindincreasinglyreliablewaystomeasureandclassifypersonalities._____36_____Personalitytestsposeaseriesofquestionsorambiguousimagesthataremeanttohelpassessthetesttaker’spersonality.Oncepleted,thecollectedanswerswillindicatewhat“type”ofpersonalitythetesttakerhas._____37_____They’reusedtoassesstheories,evaluatetheeffectivenessoftherapies,diagnosepsychologicalproblems,examinepersonalitychanges,andevenscreenjobcandidates.Personalitytestinghasbeeamultibilliondollarindustry,anditisusedbyindividuals,schoolscorporations,andevengovernmentagenciesaroundtheglobe.Themajorityoftheteststhatareusedbyexpertstodayarebasedonthe“BigFive”personalitymodel.Thistheorysuggeststhatthehumanpersonalitycanbemeasuredacrossfivebroaddimensions:extroversion,agreeableness,conscientiousness,neuroticism,andopennesstochange._____38_____Someevenbreakthesedimensionsfurtherintosmaller“subtraits”ordividethetraitsdifferently.Essentially,thepersonalitytestsweusetodayfallintotwocategories:selfreportinventoriesandprojectivetests.Thefirstcategorytypicallyinvolveshavingthetestsubjectreadanumberofmultiplechoicequestionsorstatementsandthenratinghowwellthedescribedqualitiesorcharacteristicsapplytothem.Thebiggestadvantageofselfreportinventoriesisthattheyarestandardizedanduseestablishednorms(准则)._____39_____Thesecondcategoryinvolvespresentingthetestsubjectwithambiguousscenes,objects,orscenarios(设想)andthenaskingthemtogivetheirinterpretationsofthetestitems.Thesedescriptionsarethenusedtoassesstheindividual’sunconsciousfears,desires,andchallenges.Thistypeofpersonalitytestisusuallyusedinpsychotherapysettings,whereitallowstherapiststogatheragreatdealofinformationabouttheirclientsinarelativelyshortamountoftime._____40_____Differentpeoplemayprovidedifferentinterpretationsoftheresponsesgiven.A.However,itssubjectivenaturecanbeaproblem.B.Nowadays,thesetestsareconductedforawidevarietyofpurposes.C.Personalitytestsarelikelytobeeamoreusefultoolforemployers.D.Theseeventuallygaverisetothemodernpersonalityteststhatweusetoday.E.Therefore,they’reeasytocarryoutandtendtohavemuchhigherreliabilityandvalidity.F.Somepeoplehavehighlevelsofopennesstoexperienceorscorehighinconscientiousness.G.Sometestsrefertothesefivedimensionsbydifferentlabelsorfocusononeofthemmorethantheothers.【答案】36.D37.B38.G39.E40.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是现代性格测试的用途、理论基础以及类型。【36题详解】根据第二段的首句“Personalitytestsposeaseriesofquestionsorambiguousimagesthataremeanttohelpassessthetesttaker’spersonality.(性格测试提出了一系列问题或模糊的图像，旨在帮助评估测试者的性格。)”可知，此空处应引出本文讲述的话题Personalitytests，D选项“Theseeventuallygaverisetothemodernpersonalityteststhatweusetoday.(这些最终产生了我们今天使用的现代性格测试。)”引出了本文的话题modernpersonalitytests，同时其中的these指代的内容与空前“Inordertogainabetterunderstandingofthesubject,peoplehaveattemptedtofindincreasinglyreliablewaystomeasureandclassifypersonalities.(为了更好地理解这个主题，人们试图找到越来越可靠的方法来衡量和分类人格。)”中的reliableways。故选D项。【37题详解】分析篇章结构的特点，此处应为本段的主题句，根据空后的“They’reusedtoassesstheories,evaluatetheeffectivenessoftherapies,diagnosepsychologicalproblems,examinepersonalitychanges,andevensc