Unit5单元易错综合练习-2023学年高一英语单元重难点易错题精练（外研版2019）

Unit5单元易错综合练习（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共30分，略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2022·河南平顶山·高一期末）WildlifeofMadagascarPutyourselfinMadagascar’srichanduniqueecosystems,seeinganimalsincludingthesenotfoundinthewildanywhereelseintheworld.Day1:ArriveintoAntananarivoOnarrival,drivetotheRelaisdesPlateauxHotelandenjoyaneveningmeal.ThenameAntananarivomeans“CityoftheThousand”,referringtothe1,000Merinatribesoldiersusedbyakingasprotectionofhiscity.Morefamiliarly,itisknownasTana.Splitintotwoparts(upperandlowertowns),itisfullofcolourfulmarkets,ancientstonestepsandhistoricalsites.Day2:Antananarivo:AndasibeHeadforAndasibeNationalPark.This4hourjourneyisanadventure,withthedrivetakinginhugemountainhighlandsandtraditionalMerinavillages,withricefieldsstretchingawayintothedistance.AndasibeisoneofMadagascar’smostpopularwildlifeparksandoffersgreatopportunitiestoseesomeofthecountry’sexcellentwildlife,includingtheuniqueindri(大狐猴).Thepack’spopularityisreflectedinthehighqualityacmodationandguidingavailable.Afterlunch,ventureintoAndasibeNationalParkforthefirsttime.Itisoneofthebestplacestoseethelargestlemur—theindri.Day3:MantadiaHeadoutearlyforatourofMontadiaNationalPark,mainlycoveredbytoweringprimaryforest,whichissadlybeinglessandlessinMadagascar.Ranginginaltitudefrom800to1,260metres,theparkhasagreatvarietyofspeciesandsomegoodpathswithbeautifulviewsacrosstheforest.Day4:MantadiatoKirindyDrivetotheairportforaflighttoMorondava,followedbyaroadtriptoKirindyviaastopattheiconicAvenueofBaobabs,whereancientbaobabs(akindoftree)lineeithersideoftheroad.CheckintoRelaisduKirindy,andtakeanightwalkinsearchofnighttimewildlife.1．WhatmakeAndiasibeNationalParkpopular?A．Itsricefields. B．Itsgoodservice.C．Itshistoricalsites. D．Itsuniquelocation.2．Onwhichnightarevisitorslikelytoeacrosswildlife?A．ThenightofDay1. B．ThenightofDay2.C．ThemightofDay3. D．ThemightofDay4.3．Whichmaybringafeelingofunhappiness?A．TheancientbaobabsinKirindy. B．ThetraditionalvillagesnearAndasibe.C．TheprimaryforestinMantadia. D．TheRelaisdesPlateauxHotelinAntananarivo.B（2022·江西九江·高一期末）Catsaremonlyseenlickingthemselvesandanimalpanions.Butonceinawhileyourcatwilllickyou.“Frombirthcatsexploretheworldthroughtheirmouths”saysAnitaKelsey,acatexpert.Thoughcatsusetheirnosetosmell,theyalsotasteandanalyzescent(气味)usingtheirmouthtolearnaboutthings.Whenacatlicksyou,itistryingtogetmoreinformationaboutyou.Butmorethanthat,catslickwhotheylike.“Catslickusasasignofcloseness,”saysKelsey.“It’saformofgettinguscleanastheydowithothercatstheyhavebondedwith.Theyarealsoenjoyingtakinginourscent.Theylovearmpits(腋窝),forexample,asthereisastrongscentthere.”Additiontoitsaffectionforyou,acatmightlickyouforavarietyofotherreasons.Tostartwith,ifyourcatisregularlyingatyouwithitstongue,maybeitwantstomarkyouasitsperson.Whatbetterwaytotellothercatstobackoffthanbypaintingyouwiththespecialperfume(芳香)fromtheirmouth?Todealwithstressoffear,catsalsolick.Thisbehaviorisespeciallymonincatswhichweretakenawayfromtheirmothersveryearly,butitcanhappeninanycat.Ifthebehaviorseemstoworsenovertime,orisacpaniedbynervousbodylanguage,youneedtoaskyourvetabouttreatment.It’sverysweetthatyourcatlikesyou,butsometimesthelickingcangettobetoomuch.Especiallybecausethesandpapertonguecanreallyhurt!Tokeepyourcatfromlickingyou,youcandrawitsattentionawaybyatoy,brushingitwithabrushorsimplywalkingaway,orevenjustputtingacardboardboxinthemiddleofthefloor.It’sworthashot!4．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?A．Catssmellintwoways.B．Catsusetheirmouthmoreoftenthantheirnose.C．Lickingisawayforcatstogetthemselvesinformed.D．AnitaKelseyknowscatsquitewell.5．Howcanacateasilykeepothercatsawayfromitshumanfriend?A．Byfollowinghimwheneverandwhereverheis.B．Byfightingoffallthecatsclosetohim.C．Byusingperfumetoattracthisattention.D．Bycoveringhimwithkisses.6．Forwhichpurposeisacardboardboxplacedbeforeacat?A．Totakeafunnypicture. B．Togiveitaplaythingtoplaywith.C．Tomakeahousefortheanimal. D．Tosetupawallbetweenyouandyourcat.7．Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthetitleofthepassage?A．WhyDoesYourCatLickYou? B．YouKnowLittleaboutYourCatC．AnimalsAreOurFriends D．WaystoShowLoveC（2022·江苏省扬州市教育局高一期末）BetweenJulyandDecember2021,morethan11millionyoungoysters(牡蛎)wereputintotheHudsonRiver.Theyarepartofaplantocreateahealthierecosystemintheriverbyincreasingtheoysterpopulation.Thewatersusedtobefullofoysters,whichwerecollectedforfoodandshellstoomuch.WeathergotwarmerandNewYorkCityalsodumpedwastewaterandharmfulchemicalsintotheriver.By1927,mostoftheoystershaddied.Now,oystersmayhelptorestorethewatersandbringbackmarinelife.Howdooystersdoit?Oystershelpcleanwater.Theyarefilterfeeders,takinginwaterthroughtheirgills(鳃)andfilteroutthefoodtheyeat,suchasplankton(浮游生物)andalgae(海藻).Asingleadultoystercanfilterupto189litresofwaterinaday.Theyalsofilterotherharmfulthingsoutofthewater,oneofwhichisnitrogen,achemicaloftenfoundinfertilizers(肥料).Sometimesnitrogengetswashedintoriversandoceanswhenitrains.Toomuchnitrogeninthewatercauseslargeamountsofalgaetogrow.Thealgaeuseuptheoxygeninthewater,harmingothermarinelife.Oystersfilternitrogenoutofthewateranduseittogrowtheirshells.Oystersalsobuildreefs,benefitingthewholeecosystem.Oystersattachthemselvestohardsurfacesunderwaterlikerocks.Thenmoreoystersattachthemselvesontopofthose,andmoreontopofthose.Astheoystersgrow,theirshellsbinetogethertoformareef.Oysterreefsprovidehomesforplantsandanimals,thuscreatingmorebiodiversity.Reefsalsoservetoprotecttheshoreline.Largereefsweakentheshockofwavesinginfromtheocean,andhelplessenflooddisasterandpreventgradualdestructionofthecoast.Itwilltakedecadesbeforethenewreefsgrowasbigasthereefsdestroyedlongago,butsignsshowupthattheecosystemisgettinghealthier.8．ThefollowingfactorscontributedtothedecreaseofoystersintheHudsonRiverEXCEPT________.A．globalwarming B．biologicaldiseasesC．waterpollution D．humanoverfishing9．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．Oystersusuallyfeedonplanktonandalgae.B．Therearelargeamountsofnitrogenintherain.C．Algaeproduceoxygenforotherwaterplants.D．Harmfulchemicalshelpoystershellstogrow.10．Howdooysterreefsprotectcoastalareas?A．Theypromotebiodiversityandbenefittheenvironment.B．Theycansoftentheimpactofwavesandreduceflooding.C．Theyformsolidseawallandthenpreventtheseastorms.D．Theykeepthealgaeinthewaterfromspreadingtoofast.11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．NewYork:arescueontheHudsonRiverB．Oysterreefs:opportunitiesforcoastaldefenseC．NewYorklaunchesenvironmentalmovementsD．TheoysterhelpstoimproveriverecosystemD（2022·浙江温州·高一期末）Australiaofficiallylistedkoalasacrossitseasterncoastas“endangered”onFriday.Conservationists(自然环境保护者)saidkoalapopulationshadcrashedinmuchofeasternAustraliaoverthepasttwodecades,warningthattheywerenowslidingtowardsextinction.ThekoalaagloballyrecognizedsymbolofAustralia’suniquewildlife,hadbeenlistedas“vulnerable”(易危)ontheeasterncoastjustadecadeearlier.“Wearetakingunprecedented(史无前例的)actiontoprotectthekoala,”theMinisterofEnvironment,SussanLeysaid,highlightingarecentgovernmentpromiseofAus$50milliontoprotectandrecoverkoalahabitats.Environmentalistsweledthekoalas’newstatus(地位)butblamedAustralia’sfailuretoprotectthespeciessofar.“Koalashavegonefromnolistingtovulnerabletoendangeredwithinadecade.Thatisashockinglyfastdecline,”saidWWFAustraliaconservationscientistStuartBlanch.“Today’sdecisioniswele,butitwon’tstopkoalasfromslidingtowardsextinctionunlessit’sacpaniedbystrongerlawstoprotecttheirforesthomes.”AlexiaWellbeloveoftheHumaneSocietyInternationalsaideastcoastkoalascouldbeextinctby2050ifnoactionwastaken.“Wecan’taffordanymoreclearing,”shesaid.“Theextinctionofkoalasdoesnothavetohappen,”sheadded,“wemuststopallowingtheirhomestobeclearedformines,newhouses,agriculturalprojectsandindustriallogging(伐木).”Australia’skoalashadbeenlivingona“knifeedge”evenbeforethe“BlackSummer”bushfiresof20192020becauseoflandclearing,drought,disease,carstrikesanddogattacks,saidJoseySharrad,wildlifecampaignmanagerattheInternationalFundforAnimalWelfare.“Weshouldneverhaveallowedthingstogettothepointwhereweareatriskoflosinganationalicon(象征),”Sharradsaid,“Thebushfireswerethefinalstraw.ThismustbeawakeupcalltoAustraliaandthegovernmenttomovemuchfastertoprotectcriticalhabitatfromdevelopmentandlandclearing,andseriouslydealwiththeimpactsofclimatechange.”12．WhydidEnvironmentalistswelethekoala’snewstatus?A．Thiswouldstopkoalasfromextinction.B．Thiscouldleadtoactiontoprotectkoalas.C．Theycouldblamethegovernment’sfailure.D．Theymayhavetimetorecoverkoalahabitats.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A．Landclearingcostsalotofmoney.B．Homesforkoalasshouldbeoffered.C．Landclearingcancausekoalastodieout.D．Nomoneycanbespentonwildlifeprotection.14．HowdoesSharradfeelaboutthepresentstateofKoalas?A．Concerned. B．Disappointed. C．Frightened. D．Satisfied.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Koalas:Australia’sNationalIcon B．KoalasWillLiveonaKnifeEdgeC．AustraliaListsKoalasasEndangered D．Bushfires:KoalaKillersinAustralia第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2022·广东深圳·高一期末）Manypeoplethinkofsharksasdangerousmonsters.Buthumanbeingscauseafargreaterdangertothemthantheydotous.Althoughsharkattacksdooccur,theyarequiterare.Accordingtooneestimate,however,humanskill100millionsharkseveryyear.____16____Whyshouldwesavethesharks?Sharkstakeupthetoppositiononthefoodchainintheocean.Assharksdieoff,thepopulationoftheanimalsthatsharksconsumewillincrease.This,inturn,meansthatthenumberofthecreaturesthoseanimalseatwilldrop.____17____Fishthateatalgae(藻类)arealsoincluded.Thiscancausealgaetospreadsomuchthatitdamagescoralreefs.____18____TheoceannotonlyproducesmoreoxygenthanalltherainforestsonEarthbined,butalsoremoveshalfofthemanmadegreenhousegasfromtheatmosphere.Oncesharksdieoff,theglobalecosystemwillbeupset,affectingallcreaturesincludinghumanbeings.Don’tusesharkproductsFirst,vitaminenergydrinksandleathergoodscanbemadefromsharkparts.____19____Inaddition,sharkmeatissoldaroundtheworld,sometimesundermisleadingnamessuchasrocksalmonorwhitefish.Sharkfinsoupisapopulardish.However,theprocessofgettingfinsiscruel.Fishermencuttheshark’sfinsoffandthenthrowthesharkbackintothewater,stillalive.____20____Sharksbreathebyswimming,soasharkthatcan’tswimwilldie.A．Itistimeforchildrentolearnaboutsharks.B．Sharkoilisalsousedinmanypopularbeautyproducts.C．Thenthesharkdiesslowly,sometimesoverseveraldays.D．Actually,thekillingofsharkswillaffectthewholeplanet.E．Peopleinsomecountriesareespeciallykeenonsharkproducts.F．Amongthemaresomeseafishthathumansconsumeeveryday.G．Thisnumberisawarningthatmanykindsofsharksmaydieout.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2022·河北保定·高一期末）IwentforawalkuptoalocalparkandChesterwasrunningabout.Suddenly,twodogsappeared,attackinghim.Hegot____21____andranoffinanunfamiliardirection.Icanonly____22____myselfit’slikelosingafamilymember.Mydaughterdidn’tsleepforthreedays.Shejustthoughtherpetwas____23____.Myfamilyhadalmostlost____24____untilEricadecidedtoofferherservices.Sheusesadrone(无人机)tohelpfindlostdogs.Equippedwithahitechthermalimaging(热成像)camera,thedronecandetectheat____25____from250feetintheair.____26____,whenaskedtohelpoutinasearchfora____27____,Ericasimplyturnsuptothedog’slastknown____28____andsetsupthedrone.Havingfoundmorethan160dogs,it’sprovedpretty____29____.Andit’seasytoseewhy.Canyou_____30_____Chesterrunningaroundthesewoods?Tothenakedeye(肉眼),it’svirtuallyimpossible,butpopthethermalimageupandhejumpsout,_____31_____hisownertobringhimsafelybackhome.Havingsavedhundredsofdogs,themethodisclearly_____32_____.Ericadoesn’t_____33_____forherservicesandinsteaddoesitforthepleasureofseeingtheowners_____34_____.Erica’sdronehashelpedcreatecountlesshappy_____35_____andissuretomakemanymoreinthefuture.21．A．concerned B．annoyed C．scared D．confused22．A．speakfor B．focuson C．turnto D．adaptto23．A．sick B．gone C．injured D．stuck24．A．attitude B．contact C．track D．hope25．A．impressions B．signals C．experiments D．behaviors26．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise27．A．family B．job C．chance D．dog28．A．location B．pany C．adventure D．arrangement29．A．particular B．familiar C．successful D．suitable30．A．spot B．explore C．concentrate D．rescue31．A．forbidding B．allowing C．ordering D．warning32．A．challenging B．improving C．working D．surviving33．A．apply B．wish C．answer D．charge34．A．reunited B．recognized C．requested D．admired35．A．destinations B．solutions C．goals D．endings第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）（2022·天津三中高一期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Itisactuallyalongheldideathatsharksare___36___(danger)animals,especiallyafterthefilmJawshitthescreen.Jawsgaveanaccountofhowsharkspullswimmingpeopleunderwater,___37___(attract)hugeaudiencesandwinningmanyawards.Thisfilmencouragedpeopletohuntandkillsharks.Asaresult,___38___numberoflargesharksfell___39___(quick),makingitoneoftheendangered___40___(animal).Another___41___(contribute)factorisfinning.Everytimethereisfinning,theseafloorwouldbecoveredwithdeadsharks.Thathadanunexpectedeffect___42___PeterBenchley,thewriterofthebookon___43___Jawswasbased.Hecametoseepeopleasadangertosharks,ratherthantheotherwayround.Thatwaswhyhe___44___(fight)toprotectsharksbyfirstadmittingthathisbookwaswrongaboutsharks’behaviour.Today,aswelearnmoreaboutsharks,morepeoplethaneverwanttoprotectthemfrom____45____(extinct).第四部分写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．（2022·湖南郴州·高一期末）众所周知，现在的野生动物越来越少了，有一些野生动物面临灭绝的趋势，请写一篇有关保护野生动物的演讲稿。内容包括：1.野生动物濒临灭绝的现状；2.野生动物濒临灭绝的原因；3.拯救措施。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Goodmorning,everybody!_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）47．（2022·湖南·高一期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Theforestwasfullofshadowsasalittlegirlhurriedthroughitoneautumnevening.Iwasalready8o’clockandSylviewonderedifherparentswouldbeangrywithherforbeingsolate.EveryeveningSylvieleftat5:30tobringtheircowhome.Theoldanimalspentherdaysoutintheopencountryeatingsweetgrass.Sylvie’sroutineincludedbringingherhometobemilked.WhenthecowheardSylvie’svoicecallingher,shewouldhideamongthebushes.ThiseveningithadtakenSylvielongerthanusualtofindhercow.Thechildhurriedthecowthroughthedarkforest,followinganarrowpaththatledtoherhome.Thecowstoppedatasmallstreamtodrink.AsSylviewaited,sheputherbarefeetinthecold,freshwaterofthestream.Shehadneverbeforebeenaloneintheforestaslateasthis.Theairwassoftandsweet.Sylviefeltasifshewereapartofthegrayshadowsandthesilverleavesthatmovedintheeveningbreeze.Thecowfinisheddrinking,andasthenineyearoldchildhurriedthroughtheforest,suddenlytheairwascutbyasharpwhistlenotfaraway.“Hello,littlegirl.”ayoungmanwithaguncalledout.“Howfarisittothemainroad?”Sylviewastremblingasshepronounced“twomiles”.“I’vebeenhuntingforbirds,”heexplained.“Ishootthemandkeepthemwithspecialchemicals.Ihaveover100differentkindsofbirdsfromallovertheUnitedStatesinmystudyathome.”Sylviewasrelievedbutsilent.“Isawawhiteheronnotfarfromheretwodaysago.I’vebeenlookingforiteversince.It’saveryrarebird,thelittlewhiteheron.Haveyouseenit,too?”heasked.Sylviewassillsilent.“Iwouldgive$10tothepersonwhoshowedmewherethewhiteheronis,”heencouragedSylvie.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Sylvie’smindwasimmediatelyfullofallthewonderfulthingssheandherparentscouldbuyfortendollars.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theyoungmanwentawaydisappointedlaterthatday.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．B2．D3．C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。置身马达加斯加丰富而独特的生态系统中，观赏世界上其他地方所没有的野生动物。1．细节理解题。根据Day2:Antananarivo:Andasibe介绍中的“Thepark’spopularityisreflectedinthehighqualityacmodationandguidingavailable.（该旅行团的受欢迎程度体现在高质量的住宿和导游服务上）”可知，公园的受欢迎程度反映在高质量的住宿和导游服务上。即其良好的服务令其深受欢迎。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据Day4:MantadiatoKirindy介绍的“CheckintoRelaisduKirindy,andtakeanightwalkinsearchofnighttimewildlife.（入住金林迪驿站(RelaisduKirindy)，在夜间散步，寻找夜间的野生动物）”可知，第四天入住金林迪驿站，在夜间散步，寻找夜间野生动物。故选D项。3．推理判断题。根据Day3:Mantadia介绍的“HeadoutearlyforatourofMantadiaNationalPark,mainlycoveredbytoweringprimaryforest,whichissadlybeinglessandlessinMadagascar.（早点出发去蒙塔迪亚国家公园游览，这里主要被高耸的原始森林覆盖，遗憾的是，马达加斯加的原始森林越来越少了）”可知，马达加斯加的原始森林越来越少了，这可能会带来不愉快的感觉。故选C项。4．C5．D6．B7．A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫为什么会舔它们喜欢的人。4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Whenacatlicksyou,itistryingtogetmoreinformationaboutyou.(当一只猫舔你的时候，它是在试图获取更多关于你的信息)”可知，本段介绍猫自出生开始，就用嘴巴来认识世界，了解事物，了解其主人，即舔是猫获取信息的一种方式。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据第四段“Whatbetterwaytotellothercatstobackoffthanbypaintingyouwithalittlespecialperfumefromtheirmouth?(还有什么比用它们嘴里散发的特殊芳香喷你更能让其他猫离你远点的方法吗？)”可知，猫很容易通过亲吻它的人类朋友来让其他猫远离。故选D。6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Tokeepyourcatfromlickingyou,youcandrawitsattentionawaybyatoy,brushingitwithabrushorsimplywalkingaway,orevenjustputtingacardboardboxinthemiddleofthefloor.(为了不让你的猫舔你，你可以用一个玩具把它的注意力转移开，用刷子给它刷一刷，或者干脆走开，甚至在地板中间放一个纸箱)”可知，放个硬纸盒在房子中间的目的相当于给它一个玩物，分散猫咪的注意力，不让它继续舔舐你。故选B。7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Catsaremonlyseenlickingthemselvesandanimalpanions.Butonceinawhileyourcatwilllickyou.(猫经常舔自己和动物同伴。但是偶尔你的猫会舔你)”及全文可知，文章第一段引出话题——猫舔舐主人，二、三、四、五段猫舔舐的目的或原因，尾段支招防止被猫咪过度舔舐，全文围绕猫咪舔舐主人展开。由此可知，“WhyDoesYourCatLickYou?(你的猫为什么舔你？)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。8．B9．A10．B11．D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是牡蛎可以帮助恢复水域和恢复海洋生物，以及牡蛎对整个生态系统的好处。8．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thewatersusedtobefullofoysters,whichwerecollectedforfoodandshellstoomuch.WeathergotwarmerandNewYorkCityalsodumpedwastewaterandharmfulchemicalsintotheriver.(过去，海水中充满了牡蛎，人们为了食物和壳而过多地收集牡蛎。天气变暖，纽约市也向河里倾倒废水和有害化学物质。)”可知，造成哈德逊河牡蛎减少的因素包括：全球变暖、水污染和人类过度捕捞，不包括生物疾病，故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Theyarefilterfeeders,takinginwaterthroughtheirgillsandfilteroutthefoodtheyeat,suchasplanktonandalgae.(它们是滤食性动物，通过鳃吸收水，并过滤掉它们吃的食物，如浮游生物和藻类。)”可知，我们可以从第三段了解到牡蛎通常以浮游生物和藻类为食。故选A。10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Largereefsweakentheshockofwavesinginfromtheocean,andhelplessenflooddisasterandpreventgradualdestructionofthecoast.(巨大的牡蛎礁可以减弱来自海洋的海浪的冲击，帮助减少洪水灾害，防止海岸的逐渐破坏。)”可知，牡蛎礁可以减弱海浪的影响，减少洪水。故选B。11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Theyarepartofaplantocreateahealthierecosystemintheriverbyincreasingtheoysterpopulation.(这是一项计划的一部分，该计划旨在通过增加牡蛎数量，在河流中创造更健康的生态系统。)”和第二段的“Now,oystersmayhelptorestorethewatersandbringbackmarinelife.(现在，牡蛎可以帮助恢复水域和恢复海洋生物。)”可知，本文主要讲的是牡蛎可以帮助恢复水域和恢复海洋生物，以及牡蛎对整个生态系统的好处，因此最恰当的题目是D选项“Theoysterhelpstoimproveriverecosystem(牡蛎有助于改善河流生态系统)”，故选D。12．B13．C14．A15．C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述澳大利亚将考拉列为濒危物种，并分析原因，呼吁尽快采取措施。12．推理判断题。根据第二段“ThekoalaagloballyrecognizedsymbolofAustralia’suniquewildlife,hadbeenlistedas“vulnerable”(易危)ontheeasterncoastjustadecadeearlier.“Wearetakingunprecedented(史无前例的)actiontoprotectthekoala,”theMinisterofEnvironment,SussanLeysaid,highlightingarecentgovernmentpromiseofAus$50milliontoprotectandrecoverkoalahabitats.(考拉是全球公认的澳大利亚独特的野生动物的象征，十年前在东海岸被列为“易危物种”。环境部长SussanLey说：“我们正在采取前所未有的行动来保护考拉，并强调了政府最近承诺的5000万澳元来保护和恢复考拉栖息地”。)”及第三段““Koalashavegonefromnolistingtovulnerabletoendangeredwithinadecade.Thatisashockinglyfastdecline,”saidWWFAustraliaconservationscientistStuartBlanch.“Today’sdecisioniswele,butitwon’tstopkoalasfromslidingtowardsextinctionunlessit’sacpaniedbystrongerlawstoprotecttheirforesthomes.”(世界自然基金会澳大利亚保护科学家StuartBlanch说：“考拉在十年内已经从不在列表中到易受威胁。这是一个令人震惊的速降。今天的决定是受欢迎的，但它不会阻止考拉走向灭绝，除非它伴随着更强大的法律来保护它们的森林家园。)”可知，考拉被列为“濒危物种”，为了不让考拉灭绝，政府采取措施保护考拉及考拉的栖息地。故推知环境保护主义者欢迎考拉的新地位是为了引导保护考拉的行动，故选B。13．词句猜测题。根据第四段“'Theextinctionofkoalasdoesnothavetohappen,'sheadded,'wemuststopallowingtheirhomestobeclearedformines,newhouses,agriculturalprojectsandindustriallogging(伐木).'(她补充说：“考拉的灭绝不一定会发生，我们必须停止允许他们的家园被清理，被用于矿山，新房子，农业项目和工业伐木。)”可知，考拉的灭绝不一定会发生，但继续清理卡拉的栖息地会使考拉灭绝，所以必须停止对考拉家园的清理。故推知Wecan’taffordanymoreclearing表示“对考拉家园的清理会导致考拉灭绝”。故选C。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“'Weshouldneverhaveallowedthingstogettothepointwhereweareatriskoflosinganationalicon(象征),'Sharradsaid,'Thebushfireswerethefinalstraw.ThismustbeawakeupcalltoAustraliaandthegovernmenttomovemuchfastertoprotectcriticalhabitatfromdevelopmentandlandclearing,andseriouslydealwiththeimpactsofclimatechange.'(Sharrad说：“我们永远不应该让事情发展到我们有可能失去国家象征的地步。森林大火是最后一根稻草。这必须为澳大利亚和政府敲响警钟，要求他们加快行动，保护关键栖息地免受开发和土地清理的影响，并认真应对气候变化的影响。)”可知，Sharrad认为应该加快行动，保护考拉及其栖息地。故推知Sharrad对考拉的现状是担心的，故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Australiaofficiallylistedkoalasacrossitseasterncoastas“endangered”onFriday.(周五，澳大利亚正式将东海岸的考拉列为“濒危物种”。)”可知，文章主要介绍澳大利亚将考拉列为“濒危物种”，并分析原因。故文章的标题是AustraliaListsKoalasasEndangered(澳大利亚将考拉列为濒危物种)，故选C。16．G17．F18．D19．B20．C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述为什么要保护鲨鱼以及如何保护鲨鱼。16．根据上文“Althoughsharkattacksdooccur,theyarequiterare.Accordingtooneestimate,however,humanskill100millionsharkseveryyear.(虽然鲨鱼袭击事件确实发生，但却非常罕见，然而，据估计，人类每年杀死1亿只鲨鱼)”可知，人类每年杀死1亿只鲨鱼，下文“Whyshouldwesavethesharks?(为什么我们应该保护鲨鱼)”提到我们应该保护鲨鱼，所以G项“这个数字是一个警告，许多种类的鲨鱼可能会灭绝”符合语境，G项中“Thisnumber”指代上文的“100million”，故选G项。17．上文“Assharksdieoff,thepopulationoftheanimalsthatsharksconsumewillincrease.This,inturn,meansthatthenumberofthecreaturesthoseanimalseatwilldrop.(随着鲨鱼的死亡，鲨鱼所食用的动物的数量将会增加。反过来，这就意味着这些动物吃的生物数量会减少)”提到鲨鱼数量减少会使其引以为食的动物数量增加，这些动物引以为食的生物数量就会减少，结合下文“Fishthateatalgae(藻类)arealsoincluded.(吃藻类的鱼也包括在内)”中的also可知，空处应是提到数量减少的生物包括哪些，F项“其中有一些是人类每天食用的海鱼”符合语境，F项中的“them”指代上文的“thecreatures”，故选F项。18．根据下文“TheoceannotonlyproducesmoreoxygenthanalltherainforestsonEarthbined,butalsoremoveshalfofthemanmadegreenhousegasfromtheatmosphere.Oncesharksdieoff,theglobalecosystemwillbeupset,affectingallcreaturesincludinghumanbeings.(海洋不仅产生的氧气比地球上所有热带雨林的总和还要多，而且还从大气中消除了一半的人为温室气体。一旦鲨鱼灭绝，全球生态系统将被破坏，影响到包括人类在内的所有生物)”可知，本段是讲述鲨鱼数量减少对全球的影响，D项“事实上，捕杀鲨鱼会影响到整个地球”统领本段，符合语境。故选D项。19．根据上文“First,vitaminenergydrinksandleathergoodscanbemadefromsharkparts.(首先，鲨鱼的部分可以制成维生素能量饮料和皮革制品)”及下文“Inaddition,sharkmeatissoldaroundtheworld,sometimesundermisleadingnamessuchasrocksalmonorwhitefish.(此外，鲨鱼肉在世界各地销售，有时会被冠以误导性的名字，如岩鲑或白鱼)”可知，本段是描述鲨鱼制品，B项“鲨鱼油也被用于许多流行的美容产品中”符合语境，故选B项。20．根据上文“Fishermencuttheshark’sfinsoffandthenthrowthesharkbackintothewater,stillalive.(渔民割下鲨鱼的鱼鳍，然后把还活着的鲨鱼扔回水中)”可知，被割掉鱼鳍的鲨鱼被扔回海里，结合下文“Sharksbreathebyswimming,soasharkthatcan’tswimwilldie.(鲨鱼通过游泳呼吸，所以不会游泳的鲨鱼会死亡)”可知，没有鱼鳍的鲨鱼不会游泳，所以几天就会死亡，C项“然后鲨鱼慢慢死去，有时会持续几天”符合语境，故选C项。21．C22．A23．B24．D25．B26．C27．D28．A29．C30．A31．B32．C33．D34．A35．D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的狗失踪了，后来Erica用无人机把他找了回来，并介绍了工作原理和取得的成功。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他害怕了，朝一个不熟悉的方向跑去了。A.concerned担忧的；B.annoyed恼怒的；C.scared害怕的；D.confused困惑的。根据上文“Suddenly,twodogsappeared,attackinghim.”可知，Chester被狗攻击，所以他是害怕了。故选C。22．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我只能对自己说，这就像失去了一个家庭成员。A.speakfor辩护、对……说；B.focuson专注于；C.turnto转向；D.adaptto适应。根据空后的myself，以及下文“it’slikelosingafamilymember.”可知，这是作者对自己所说的话。故选A。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她只是以为她的宠物不见了。A.sick生病的；B.gone失踪的、不见了；C.injured受伤的；D.stuck被卡住的。根据上文“Hegot____1____andranoffinanunfamiliardirection.Icanonly____2____myselfit’slikelosingafamilymember.”可知，作者家的狗失踪不见了。故选B。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人几乎失去了希望直到Erica决定提供她的服务。A.attitude态度；B.contact联系；C.track铁轨；D.hope希望。根据下文“untilEricadecidedtoofferherservices.”可知，家人几乎要失去希望了，这时候Erica提出帮忙。故选D。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该无人机配备了一个高科技的热成像相机，可以探测到250英尺高空的热信号。A.impressions印象；B.signals信号；C.experiments实验；D.behaviors行为。根据上文的“Equippedwithahitechthermalimaging(热成像)camera,”可知，无人机配备了热成像相机，所以可以探测热信号。故