【高考英语专项训练】阅读理解之说明文（附解析）

专题01阅读理解之说明文（一）

一、(福建省福州一中2021届高三调研)

E-cigarettes-thoughtbysometoberesponsibleforadeclineinyouthcigarettesmoking-areactually

attractinganewpopulationofadolescentswhomightnototherwisehavesmokedtobaccoproducts,accordingto

anewUCSanFranciscostudy.

Inthetirstnationalanalysisotiheimpactoie-cigarettesontrendsinyouthsmokingin(heUnitedStales,

UCSFresearchersdidnotfindevidencethate-cigaretteshavecausedyouthsmokingtodecline.Infact,combined

e-cigaretteandcigaretteuseamongadolescentsin2014washigherthantotalcigaretteusein2009,accordingtothe

study.

Theauthorsconcludedthatthelow-riskyouthinthestudy,whowentontosmokeregularcigarettes,maynot

haveusednicotineatallife-cigarettesdidnotexist.

“Wedidn'tfindanyevidencethate-cigarettesarecausingyouthsmokingtodecline,“saidleadauthorLauren

Dutra,aformerpostdoctoralfellowattheUCSFCenterforTobaccoControlResearchandEducationandcurrent

socialscientistatRTIInternational,anot-for-profitresearchorganizationbasedinNorthCarolina.

“Whilesomeofthekidsusinge-cigaretteswerealsosmokingcigarettes,wefoundthatkidswhowereatlow

riskofstartingnicotinewithcigaretteswereusinge-cigarettes,"Dutrasaid."Recenldeclinesinyouthsmokingare

likelyduetotobaccocontrolefforts,nottoc-cigarcttcs.”

Thenationalanalysisbuildsonseveralpreviousstudiesthathavereportedthatadolescentswhostart

withe-cigarettesaremorelikelytosubsequentlysmoketraditionalcigarettes.

InAugust2016,theUSFoodandDrugAdminis-trationrestrictede-cigarettepurchasestoadultsages18and

older(Califoniiasettheageto21).TheFDAalsowillrequireawarninglabelone-cigarettes,startingAugust2018,

regardingtheaddictivenatureofnicotine.However,theFDA'srulingdoesnotregulateadvertisingorflavors,and

e-cigarettescontinuetobesoldinflavorsthatappealtoyouth.

8.Whatistheinitialpurposefore-cigarettestobeinvented?

A.Towarnpeopleoftheharmofsmoking.B.Todiscouragepeoplefromsmoking.

C.Tomakecigarettesmokinglessharmful.D.Tohelpkidsgiveupsmoking.

9.Whatdoweleamaboute-cigarettes,accordingtothestudy?

A.Theyactuallyhaveanegativeinfluenceonyouth.

B.Theyarchelpfulinkeepingkidsawayfromsmoking.

C.Theyhelpreducethenumberofsmokers.

D.Theyturnedouttobelessharmfulthancigarettes.

10.Whatprobablycausedthedeclineinyouthsmoking?

A.People'sawarenessofheahh.B.Theuseofe-cigarettes.

C.Effortstocontroltobacco.D.Restrictionsone-cigarettesales.

11.What'sthesuggestionsoftheFDA?

A.Advertisingfore-cigarettesshouldbestopped.

B.Thereshouldbeawarninglabelone-cigarettes.

C.E-cigarettesshouldnotcontainflavors.

D.E-cigarettesshouldbefurtherpromoted.

二、（福建省福州一中2021届高二调研）

OneoftheunforgettableexperiencesinCaliforniaistogowhalewatchinginMontereyBay.NancyBlack,a

licensedmarinebiologist,isoneofthescientistswholeadthesecommercialoutings,besidesdoingherownwhale

research.AsLawrenceBiegel,herlawyer,putsi（,onedayMsBlackwasinherresearchboatwithassistantswhen

killerwhalesattackedgreywhalesandkilledacalf.Itsblubber（鲸脂）floatedtothesurface,andthekillerwhales

wereabouttofeedonit.Seizingthisopportunitytofilmtheirbehavior,MsBlackthreadedropesthroughsome

piecesofblubber,thenloweredacameraunderwater.

Forthis,MsBlackmightnowfaceupto20yearsinprisonandhalfamilliondollarsinfines,afterafederal

grandjuryindictedherthismonth.Littleabouttheaccusationsmakescommonsense.Thefederallawinquestionis

the1972MarineMammalProtectionAct,whichwasintendedtosavewhalesfrombeingkilledandharassed.The

lawalsobannedfeedingtheseanimals,onthetheorythatdoingsomightdamagetheirabilitytoseekfoodnaturally

infuture.FeedingiswhatMsBlackisnowaccusedof.Shesaysshewasusingwhatshehadlearnedfromthe

federalagencies（hatarenowinvestigatinghertoobserveanaturalfeeding（hatwasalreadyinprogress.

Justasridiculous,saysMrBiegel,istheaccusation,increasinglycommoninfederalcases,thatMsBlacklied

totheauthorities,whichcarriesitsownprisonterms.MsBlackalwayseditsthecommercialvideosofherwhale

outingstomakethemmoreinteresting.Wheninvestigatorsdemandedfootage（连续镜头）,shegavethemoneof

theseeditedvideos.Prosecutorsnowclaimthatshehadchangedevidenceintentionally.

ToHarveySilverglate,theauthorof"ThreeFeloniesaDay:HowtheFedsTargettheInnocent",thisis

commoninAmerica'sfederaljusticesystemtoday.Acoupleoftrendshavecombinedtothreatenjusticeand

freedom.First,federalregulationsareoftensopoorlywrittenandsovaguethattheyarenotunderstandablein

effect.Thisgivestoomuchdiscretion（自由裁量权）tobureaucratsandprosecutors（检察官）,withtheirowncareer

ambitions,whoapplythemrandomly.Second,federallawhasbeenmovingawayfrommensrea（"guiltymind"）,a

common-lawtraditionthatsuggeststhatapersonwhohadnoideahewasbreakingalawshouldnotbeaccusedof

doingso.Withswollenfederallawsystemandwithoutmensreayoucanaccusemostpeopleofsomethingorother,

saysMrSilverglate.Thequestionshouldbe,hesays,whetherchargesarereasonablewhentheyrun"againstall

humaninstinctandexperience".

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indicted”inparagraphtwoprobablymean?

A.chargedB.warnedC.criticizedD.sentenced

13.Whichof（hefollowingisNOTwhatNancyBlackisaccusedof?

A.FeedingkillerwhalesonagreywhalecalTsblubber.

B.Providingfalseevidencewithhereditedvideos.

C.Goingwhalewatchingforcommercialpurposes.

D.Breakingthe1972MarineMammalProtectionAct.

14.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.AccordingtoMrBiegel,NancyBlackhasaslimchanceofprovingherselfinnocent.

B.NancyBlackthoughtshemightgetawaywithherfilmingkillerwhales.

C.SomejealousresearchassistantsreportedNancy'scommercialoutingstothepolice.

D.ThoseprosecutorsmighthavedifferentviewsaboutfederalregulationsfromNancy.

15.WhatisHaveySilverglate'sattitudetowardsAmerica'sfederaljusticesystem?

A.Supportive.B.Indifferent.C.Disapproving.D.Ambiguous.

三、（广东省2021届高三四校联考）

Storiesaresharedinmanyways.Theyaredescribedinbooksandmagazines.Theyarereadaroundthe

campfireatnight.Theyarcrandomlydistributedfromstand-alonebooths.Butwhatelse?

Toreviveliteratureintheeraoffastnewsandsmartphoneaddiction.ShortEdition,aFrenchpublisherof

short-formliterature,hassetupmorethan30storydispensers（分发机）intheUSAinthepastyears（odeliver

fictionatthepushofabuttonatrestaurants,universitiesandgovernmentoffices.

FrancisFordCoppola,thefilmdirectorandwinemaker,likedtheideasomuchthatheinvestedinthe

companyandplacedadispenserathisCafeZoetropcinSanFrancisco.Lastmonth,publiclibrariesinsomeother

citiesannouncedtheywouldbesettingthemup,too.ThereisoneonthecampusatPennState.Afewcanbefound

indowntownWestPalmBeach,Fla.AndShortEditionplanstoannouncemore,includingattheLosAngeles

InternationalAirport.

“Everythingoldisnewagain,^^saidAndrewNurkin,directoroftheFreeLibraryofPhiladelphia,whichisone

ofthelibrariesthatsetupthedispensers.t4Wewantpeopletobeeasilyexposedtoliterature.Wewanttoadvance

literacyamongchildrenandinspiretheircreativity.”

Here'showadispenserworks.Ithasthreebuttonsontopindicatingchoicesforstoriesthatcanbereadinone

mirute,threeminutesorfiveminutes.Whenabuttonispushed,ashortstoiyisprinted.

Thestoriesarefree.Theyarechosenfromacomputercategoiyofmorethan100.000originalsubmissionsby

writerswhoseworkshavebeenevaluatedbyShortEdition'sjudges,andtransmittedoveramobilenetwork.

Offeringscanbetailoredtospecificinterests,likechildren'sfictionorromance.ShortEditiongetsstoriesfbrits

categorybyholdingwritingcontests.

ShortEditionsetupitsfirstboothin2016andhas150machinesworldwide.t4Theideaistomakepeople

happy,“saidKristanLeroy,directorofShortEdition.t4Thereistoomuchunhappinesstoday.

8.Whatdoweknowaboutthestoriessentbydispensers?

A.Theyareeasilyread.

B.Theyareshortinform.

C.Theycanbeboughtfrombooths.

D.Theycanbefoundinmagazines.

9.WhichparagraphshowsthepopularityofstorydispensersinAmerica?

A.Paragraph3.B.Paragraph5.

C.Paragraph6.D.Paragraph7.

10.WhywerethestorydispenserssetupaccordingtoAndrewNurkin?

A.TointroduceFrenchliterature.

B.Togetridofsmartphoneaddiction.

C.Tomakepeoplehaveaccesstoliterature.

D.Toreducethefinancialstressoflibraries.

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.EverythingOldIsNew

B.OnlineReading:aVirtualTour

C.ShortEditionIsGettingPopular

D.TasteofLiterature,atthePushofaButton

四、(广东省2021届高三四校联考)

Doyouthinkyou'resmarterthanyourparentsandgrandparents?AccordingtoJaniesFlynn,aprofessorata

NewZealanduniversity,youarc!Overthecourseofthelastcentury,peoplewhohavetakenIQtestshavegotten

increasinglybetterscores—onaverage,threepointsbetterforeverydecadethathaspassed.Thisimprovementis

knownas“theFlynneffect'',andscientistswanttoknowwhatisbehindit.

IQtestsandothersimilartestsarcdesignedtomeasuregeneralintelligenceratherthanknowledge.Flynn

knewthatintelligenceispartlyinheritedfromourparentsandpartly(heresultofourenvironmentandexperiences,

buttheimprovementinlestscoreswashappeningtooquicklytobeexplainedbyheredity.Sowhatwashappening

inthe20thcenturythatwashelpingpeopleachievehigherscoresonintelligencetests?

ScientistshaveproposedseveralexplanationsfortheFlynneffect.Somesuggestthattheimprovedtestscores

simplyreflectanincreasedexposuretotestsingeneral.Becausewetakesomanytests,welearntest-taking

techniquesthathelpusperformbetteronanytest.Othershavepointedtobetternutritionsinceitresultsinbabies

beingbornlarger,healthier,andwithmorebraindevelopmentthaninthepast.Anotherpossibleexplanationisa

changeineducationalstyles,withteachersencouragingchildrentolearnbydiscoveringthingsforthemselves

ratherthanjustmemorizinginformation.Thiscouldpreparepeopletodothekindofproblemsolvingthat

intelligencetestsrequire.

Flynnlimitedthepossibleexplanationswhenhelookedcarefullyat(hetestdataanddiscovered(hat(he

improvementinscoreswasonlyoncertainpartsof(heIQtest.Test-takersdidn'tdobetteronthearithmeticor

vocabularysectionsofthetest;theydidbetteronsectionsthatrequiredaspecialkindofreasoningandproblem

solving.Forexample,onepartofthetestshowsasetofabstractshapes,andtest-takersmustlookforpatternsand

connectionsbetweenthemanddecidewhichshapeshouldbeaddedtotheset.AccordingtoFlynn,thisvisual

intelligenceimprovesastheamountoftechnologyinourlivesincreases.Everytimeyouplayacomputergameor

figureouthowtoprogramanewcellphone,youareexercisingexactlythekindofthinkingandproblemsolving

thathelpsyoudowellononekindofintelligencetest.Soarcyoureallysmarterthanyourparents?Inonevery

specificway,youmaybe.

12.TheFlynneffectis.

A.notconnectedtoourexperiences

B.unknowninsomepartsoftheworld

C.anincreaseinIQtestscoresovertime

D.usedtomeasurepeople'sintelligence

13.Accordingtothearticle,newereducationaltechniquesinclude.

A.improvingtestscores

B.exposuretomanytests

C.memorizinginformation

D.childrenfindingthingsoutthemselves

14.Whydoestheauthormentioncomputergames?

A.Toencouragethereadertodomoreexerciseinsteadofplayinggames.

B.lbexplainwhymoreandmoreyoungpeoplehavepoorvocabularies.

C.Togiveanexampleoftechnologyimprovingourvisualintelligence.

D.Toshowthefactthatyoungpeoplearenotgettingmoreintelligent.

15.WhichstatementwouldProfessorFlynnagreewith?

A.Peopletodayaretakingeasiertests.

B.Peopletodayhavemorevisualintelligence.

C.Peopletodayhavefewerproblemstosolve.

D.Peopletodayaremoreintelligentineveryway.

五、（广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研）

MorethanhalfofrichAmericanshavenotshowntheirfullwealthtotheirchildren,anewsurveyshowedlast

Tuesday.

Thesurvey,publishedbytheBankofAmerica,studiedtherichwith$3millionormoreinassets.Itfoundthat

^surprisinglyfewofthosesuneyedhavewell-developedplanstopreserveandpassontheirassetstotheir

children''.

Themajorityofthe457peoplesurveyedareself-made,first-generationrich.Fifty-twopercentofparentshave

chosennottotelltheirchildrenjusthowwealthytheyare,and15percenthavegivenawaynothingaboutthe

(airilywealth.Onein(heirparentssaidtheyhadneverthoughttodoit.

Theyarewonied(hattheirchildrenwouldbecomelazy,spendmoneyfreely,makebaddecisionsandeven

becomeatargetforgolddiggers.

Only34percentstronglyagreedthattheirchildrenwouldbeabletohandleanyinheritance(遗产)theyplanto

leavethem.

“Thereisanexpectationabout:hcwealthyparentsthattheyhavearesponsibilitytopassdowntheirfortuneto

thenextgeneration,vsaidSallieKrawchcck,presidentoftheBankofAmericaGlobaiWealthandInvestment

Management."Ourresearch,however,uncoveredchangingviewsofwhatonegenerationowesthenext.^^

Thetrendisledbytheworld'srichestmanBillGates,whopromisedin2008thathewouldleavehis$58

billionfortunetothecharitystartedbyhimandhiswife,theBillandMelindaGatesFoundation(基金会)，andnot

tohischildren.

“Wewanttogiveitbacktosocietyinthewaythatitwillhavethemostpositiveimpact,hesaid.

Ofhisplansfbrhischildren,Gatessaid:"Iwillgivethekidssomemoneybutnotameaningfulpercentage...

theywillneedtoworkbuttheywillfeelreasonablytakencareof.”

5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.richparentsmaynotknowhowtomanage(heirinheritance

B.richparentsdon'tequalrichkids,atleastintheUS

C.Americanchildrendon'tgettoinherittheirparents,wealth

D.poorchildrendon'texpectthemselvestobeasrichastheirparents

6.Accordingtothesurvey,mostrichAmericans.

A.thinktheyowetheirchildrennothing

B.thinkitbesttogivetheirmoneybacktosociety

C.doubttheirchildren'sabilitytohandlewealth

D.areconfidentoftheirchildren'sabilitytohandlewealth

7.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanseethatBillGateswantstoshow.

A.thetrendofleavingnoinheritancetochildren

B.thepositiveimpactofcharityonsociety

C.thewayofgivingbacktosociety

D.theimportanceofindependenceforchildren

六、（广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研）

AlexPang'samusingnewbookTheDistractionAddictionaddressesthoseofuswhofeelpanicwithouta

cellphoneorcomputer.Andthat,heclaims,isprettymuchallofus.Whenwe'renotonline,wherewespendfour

monthsannually,we'reengagedinthestressfulworkoftryingiogetonline.

TheDistractionAddictionisnotframedasaself-helpbook.It'sathoughtfulexaminationofthedangerofour

computingoverdoseandahistoricaloverviewofhowtechnologicaladvanceschangeconsciousness.A

"professionalfuturist",Pangurgesanapproachwhichhecalls"contemplative（沉思的）computing."Heasksthat

youpayfullattentionto"howyourmindandbodyinteractwithcomputersandhowyourattentionandcreativity

arcinfluencedbytechnology."

Pangsfirstjobistofreeyoufromcommonmisconceptionthatdoingtwothingsatonceallowsyoutoget

moredone.Whatiscommonlycalledmultitaskingis,infact,switch-:asking,anditsharmfuleffectsonproductivity

arewelldocumented.Pangdoesn'tadvocatereturningtoapreinternetworld.Instead,heasksyouto"takeamore

ecological（生态的）viewofyourrelationshipswithtechnologiesandlookfbrwaysdevicesormediamaybe

makingspecifictaskseasierorfasterbutatthesametimemakingyourworkandlifeharder."

TheDistractionAddictionisparticularlyfascinatingonhowtechnologieshavechangedcertainfieldof

labor-oftenfbrtheworse.Forarchitects,computer-aideddesignhasbecomeessentialbutinsomewayshas

cheapenedthedesignprocess.Asonearchitectputsit,"Architectureisfirstandforemostaboutthinking...and

drawingisamoreproductivewayofthinking"thancomputer-aideddesign.SomewhatlessamusingarePang's

solutionsfbrkickingtheInternethabit.Herecommendstheusualbehavior-modificationapproaches,familiarto

anyonewhohascompletedaquit-smokingprogram.Keeplogstostudyyouronlineprofileanddecidewhatyou

canknockout,downloadaprogramlikeFreedomthatlocksyououtofyourbrowser,ortakea"digitalSabbath（安

息□）";"Unlessyou'reareporteroremergency-departmentdoctor,you'lldiscoverthatyourworlddoesn'tfallapart

whenyougooffline.0

12.AlexPang'snewbookisaimedforreaderswho.

A.findtheirworkonlinetoostressful

B.goonlinemainlyforentertainment

C.arefearfulaboutusingthecellphoneorcomputer

D.canhardlytearthemselvesawayfromtheInternet

13.WhatdoesAlexPangtrytodoinhisnewbook?

A.OfferadviceonhowtousetheInterneteffectively.

B.WarnpeopleofthepossibledangersofInternetuse.

C.Predictthetrendoffuturetechnologicaldevelopment.

D.Examinetheinfluenceoftechnologyonthehumanmind.

14.Whatisthecommonviewonmultitasking?

A.Itenablespeopletoworkmoreefficiently.

B.Ilisinawayquitesimilarioswitch-tasking.

C.Ilmakespeople'sworkandlifeevenharder.

D.Itdistractspeople'sattentionfromusefulwork.

15.WhatisAlesPang'srecommendationforInternetusers?

A.TheyusetheInternetaslittleaspossible.

B.Theykeeparecordoftheircomputerusetime.

C.Theyexerciseself-controlovertheirtimeonline.

D.Theyentertainthemselvesonlineonoff-daysonly.

七、（广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调）

Itisbecomingagrowingtrendthatmoreandmoreconsumersacrossthecountryareusingcashlesspayment

methods.Therapiddevelopmentof:hird-partymobilepaymenttoolsishelpingtoboostcashlesspaymentsacross

（hecountry,saidDongXimiao,aresearcherattheRenminUniversityofChina.

Transactions（交易）involvingthird-partymobilepaymentsroseby46.8percentinthefirstquarterof2017

comparedwiththepreviousquarter:o18.8trillionyuan,accordingtoareportreleasedinMay.

Althoughtherewere3.4billionthird-partypaymentaccountsintotalinChinain2016,Chinaisnotthefirst

countrytoseekacashlesssociety.DevelopedstateslikeSweden.DenmarkandSingaporearcalsowitnessingthat

increase.

However,therapiddevelopmentofcashlesspaymentsdoesnotmeantherearenochallengesandcriticisms.

Alibaba'sIlemastore,wherecustomerscanshop,dineandordercommoditiesfbrdeliveryfromtheirmobile

phonesviaAlipay,havecomeintothespotlightrecently.Mediareportssaidthatconsumerscan'tpurchasegoods

withcashthere,whichwouldbeconsideredillegal.

AlipayandWeChatPay,thenation'stwomajorthird-partymobilepaymenttools,alsolaunchedcampaigns

thismonthtoencouragemoremerchantsandcustomerstousecashlesspaymentmethods,whichcausedconcerns

overwhethercashwillsoondisappear.

“Someofflinesellersrefusetoacceptcash,whichimpactsthenaturalcirculationofyuan,“saidDong.He

emphasizedthatacashlesssocietywouldnotmeanthatcashwouldcompletelydisappear.Astheeconomygrows,

thecirculationofcashisstillveryhuge,notedDong.Also,it'simporanttorememberthatnearlyhalfofChina's

populationliveinruralareas,especiallyinundevelopedwesternregions,unabletoenjoyinnovation（革新）brought

byIhcInternet,Dongsaid.AndwhenitcomestoChina'sseniorcitizens,mostofthemprefertousecashintheir

dailylives,headded.

"It'sridiculoustoquestiondigitalpaymenttools'contributiontowardfinancialdevelopment.Inthelongterm,

variouspaymentmethodswillbeusedbyconsumers,andmerchantsshouldrespectconsumers,paymenthabits,

Dongnoted.

8.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3probablyreferto?

A.Economicactivity.B.Cashlesspayment.

C.Developmentofeconomy.D.Largeamountcfpayment.

9.WhyhasAlibaba'sHemastorebecomeafocus?

A.Itfightsagainstillegalactivities.

B.Ilprovidescomprehensiveservices.

C.Customersarenotpermittedtousecashthere.

D.Itstartscampaignstoencouragemobilepayment.

10.WhichofthefollowingwillDongfindreasonable?

A.Variouspaymentmethodsoughttoberespected.

B.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtousemobilepayment.

C.Mostelderlypeoplehavenoaccesstomobilepayment.

D.Mobilepaymentisn'tbeneficialtoacost-effectivesociety.

11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.China'scashlesstrend.B.Theresearchonmobilepayment.

C.Thereasonstousemobilepayment.D.China'scashlessfuture.

八、(广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调)

Inbusiness,there'saspeeddillerenceilt^thedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirm'sleaderssayspeedis

totheircompetitivestrategyandhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessof

industryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoney

lookingforwaystopickupthespeed.

Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchosetogo,go,gototrytogainanedgeendedupwith

lowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontheright

track.What'smore,thefinnsthat"sloweddowntospeedup"improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%

highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearperiod.

Howdid(heydisobeythelawsolbusinessphysics,takingmorelimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?

Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower"and"faster"mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifference

betweenoperationalspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue).Simply

increasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthat

oftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower-qualityproductsandservices.

Inourstudy,higher-performingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhenncccssary.Thcy

becamemoreopentoideasanddiscussion.Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking.Andtheyallowedlimetolook

backandlearn.Bycontrast,performancesufferedatfirms(hatmovedfastallthetime,paidtoomuchattentionto

improvingefficiency,stucktotestedmethods,didn'tdevelopteamspiritamong(heiremployees»andhadlittletime

thinkingaboutchanges.

Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthan

ploughaheadfullbore,arcmoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustconicfrom

(helop.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gainanedge“inParagraph2mean?

A.Increasethespeed.B.Getanadvantage.

C.Reachthelimit.D.Setagoal.

2.Theunderlinedpart“thelawsofbusinessphysics^^inParagraph3means.

A.spendingmoretimeandperformingworse

B.spendingmore(imeandperformingbetter

C.spendinglesstimeandperformingworse

D.spendinglesstimeandperformingbetter

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Howfastafirmmovesdependsonhowbigitis.

B.Howcompetitiveafirmisdependsonwhatitproduces.

C.Firmsguidedbystrategicspeedtaketimetomakenecessarychanges.

D.Firmsguidedbyoperationalspeedtaketimetodevelopnecessaryteamspirit.

九、（广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调）

Kodak'sdecisiontofileforbankruptcy（破产：）protectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,turningpointfora

leadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfcrdecades,

butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.

AlthoughmanyattributeKodak'sdownfallto“complacency（自满）,“thatexplanationdoesn'tacknowledge

（helengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.Decadesago,Kodakanticipatedthatdigitalphotography

wouldovertakefilm—andinfact,Kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975—butinafatefuldecision,the

companychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.

Itwasn'tthatKodakwasblindtotheiiiture,saidRebeccaHenderson,aprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchool,

butratherthatitfailedtoexecuteonastrategytoconfrontit.Bythetimethecompanyrealizeditsmistake,itwas

toolate.

Kodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadapt,andspentalotofmoney

tryingtodoso,butultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingintonewmarketsbecause

（hereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.

AlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitableriseofdigitalphotography,itscorporate（企业的）culturewastoo

rootedinthesuccessesofthepastforitiomake（hecleanbreaknecessarytofullyembrace（hefuture.Theywerea

companystuck