2025届高考英语复习 非谓语动词 导学案（无答案）

非谓语动词一、非谓语动词概述1.什么是非谓语动词？非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语以外的成分。2.学会判断何时使用非谓语动词(1)Thegirl________(dance)intheclassroomnow.→分析：该句中_________(有/没有)谓语动词，所以该空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)，时态为_____________。(2)Thegirl_________(dance)intheclassroomnowandshelooksveryconfident.→分析：该句中______(有/没有)谓语动词，但是有并列连词_______连接了两个动词，所以空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)。(3)Thegirl_______(dance)intheclassroomnowlooksveryconfident.→分析：该句中______(有/没有)谓语动词，并且______(有/没有)连词，所以空格应使用_____________(谓语/非谓语动词)。(4)Thegirlwho__________(dance)intheclassroomnowlooksveryconfident.→分析：该句中_____(有/没有)谓语动词，但是有从属连词_______，所以空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)，时态为____________。(who引导的定语从句)→总结：一个句子中已经存在一个________,又没有_______的情况下，另一个动词需要用_______________。非谓语动词的种类：动词的-ing形式、动词的过去分词和动词的不定式。小结：非谓语动词的形式及句法功能种类形式主动被动主语宾语宾补表语定语状语不定式一般式todotobedone√√√√√√进行式tobedoing×完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone动名词一般式doingbeingdone√√×√√×完成式havingdonehavingbeendone分词现在分词一般式doingbeingdone××√√√√完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词一般式done(vi.)表完成done(vt.)表被动与完成××√√√√二、难点释疑1.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。Lookingaround，Ifoundtherewasnoonenearby.环顾四周，我发现附近没有人。2.独立主格结构若非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑主语，即“逻辑主语(名词/代词)＋非谓语动词”，构成独立主格结构。Eg:Wintercoming，itgetscolderandcolder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。Thetestfinished，webeganourholiday.考试结束了，我们的假期开始了。以下短语作状语时，不需考虑逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。generally/frankly/roughly/strictlyspeaking，talkingof谈到，speakingof谈及，judgingfrom由…判断，comparedwith/to...与……相比较，giventhat...考虑到；假定tobefrank坦率地说，tobesure诚然，固然，totell(you)thetruth说老实话，tobehonest老实说，tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是3.with复合结构(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。Withhishaircut，helookedmuchyounger.理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生。Withalotofhomeworktodo，Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.因为有很多作业要做，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。三、技法指导1.分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。2.找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系(1)非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；Actually，itisquitenormalforanaverageperson________(live)inacitytoseethousandsofadseverysingleday.(2)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.(3)作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。Iheardtheboycryinginthenextdoor.如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词doing；Seeingtheteacher,hestoodup.→“He”是“see”的动作发出者（主谓关系）。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词done。Thebookwrittenbyhimispopular.→“book”是“write”的承受者（动宾关系）。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式tobedone；Hewantsthelettertobetyped.→"letter”是“type”的承受者（动宾关系）且动作尚未发生。如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式beingdone。Thegirlbeinginterviewedismyteacher.→“thegirl”是“interview”的承受者（动宾关系）且动作正在发生。3.判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序(1)tohavedone，havingdone表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。1.tohavedone（不定式的完成式）表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，强调"已经完成"。

Hepretendedtohaveseenthemovie.

→"see"发生在"pretend"之前（假装已经看过）。2.havingdone（现在分词的完成式）表示动作先于主句谓语发生，通常作原因状语或时间状语。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentouttoplay.→"finish"发生在"wentout"之前。(2)tobedoing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。3.tobedoing（不定式的进行式）表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，强调"正在进行"。Hepretendedtobereadingabook.→"read"与"pretend"同时发生（假装正在读）。4.doing（现在分词的一般式）表示“主动进行”。Isawhimcrossingthestreet.→“see”与“cross”同时发生（看见他正在过马路）四.模拟题1.Thecoachadvisedtheplayers________(keep)calmduringthegame.2.________(walk)inthepark,Isawabeautifulflowerbed.3.________(work)ontheprojectformonths,theyfinallyachievedabreakthrough.4.________(give)moretime,wecouldhavedonethejobbetter.5.Ihadmycomputer________(repair)becauseithadavirus.6.Thegirl________(wear)areddressismysister.7.Theplan________(put)forwardbythestudentsisbeingconsidered.8.People________(live)inthemountainsenjoyfreshair.9.Hergoalis________(become)adoctorandhelpthesick.10.Withhisattention________(focus)onthebook,hedidn'tnoticehisfriendleaving.非谓语动词固定搭配及动词词组1学习做某事learntodosth.22决心做某事determinetodosth.2希望做某事wish/hopetodosth.23下定决心做某事makeupone’smindto3期望做某事expecttodosth.24决定做某事decidetodosth.4渴望做某事long/desiretodosth.25准备做某事preparetodosth.beeagertodosth.getreadytodosth.5想做某事want/wouldliketodosth.26迫不及待做某事can’twaittodosth.6急于做某事beanxioustodosth.27主动提出做某事offertodosth.7设法成功做managetodosth.28同意做某事agreetodosth.8未能做某事failtodosth.29拒绝做某事refusetodosth.9计划做某事plantodosth.39答应做某事promisetodosth.10打算做某事intendtodosth.31愿意做某事wouldliketodosth.11应该做某事besupposedtodosth.32安排做某事arrangetodosth.12旨在做某事aimtodosth.33负担得起做某事affordtodosth.13挣扎/努力去struggletodosth.34犹豫做某事hesitatetodosth.14要求做某事ask/demandtodosth.35尽一切努力做makeeveryefforttodo15很可能做belikelytodosth.36尽力做某事tryone’sbesttodosth.16一定会做某besure/certaintodo37不遗余力做某事sparenoefforttodosth.17碰巧做某事happentodosth.38试图做某事makeanattempttodo18假装做某事pretendtodosth.39答应/有望做某事promisetodosth.19趋向于/往往tendtodosth.40别无选择只能...havenochoicebuttodo20费心做某事bothertodosth.41无事可做只能havenothingtodobutdo21选择做某事choosetodosth.接不定式作宾语的常用动词/短语(todo)

二、接动名词作宾语的常用动词/短语(doing)1喜欢做某事enjoydoingsth.21提及做某事mentiondoingsth.2完成做某事finishdoingsth.22错过做某事missdoingsth.3讨厌做某事dislikedoingsth.23阻止做某事prevent/stopdoingsth.4介意做某事minddoingsth.24包括做某事includedoingsth.5练习做某事practicedoingsth.25冒险做某事riskdoingsth.6一直做某事keepdoingsth.26否认做某事denydoingsth.7允许做某事permit/allowdoingsth.27支持/主张做某事advocatedoingsth.8承认做某事admitdoingsth.28感谢做某事appreciatedoingsth.9考虑做某事considerdoingsth.29想象做某事imagine/fancydoingsth.10建议做某事suggest/advisedoing39推迟做某事putoffdoingsth.11避免做某事avoiddoingsth.31继续做某事carryondoingsth.12推迟做某事delaydoingsth.32坚持做某事insistondoingsth.13逃脱做某事escapedoingsth.33忙于做某事bebusydoingsth.14原谅做某事forgive/excusedoing34某事值得做sth.beworthdoing15讨论做某事discussdoingsth.35放弃做某事giveupdoingsth.16设想/喜欢做某事fancydoingsth.36无法忍受做某事can’tstand/beardoing17禁止做某事forbid/prohibitdoing37想做某事feellikedoingsth.18花费...做某事spend...(in)doing38情不自禁做某事can’t/couldn’thelpdoing19做某事没有用/好处It’snouse/gooddoingsth.39做某事有困难havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.20做某事有一段愉快/艰难的时光haveagood/hardtimedoingsth.40浪费时间做某事wastetimedoingsth.三、带todoingsth.的常用结构(to为介词)1专心做某事payattentiontodoing8导致做某事leadtodoing2期待做某事lookforwardtodoing9习惯于get/beusedtodoing3沉迷于beaddictedtodoingbeaccustomedtodoing4坚持做某事sticktotodoing10投身于bedevotedtodoing5反对做某事objecttodoingdevoteoneselftodoing6开始认真做某事getdowntodoing11喜欢…胜过...preferdoingtodoing7为...作贡献makecontributionsto(doing)sth.12沉迷于做某事beaddictedtodoing四、可接不同非谓语的动词及结构（1）使役动词（have/make/get/leave/keep）have/makeAdo/done/doing get/leaveAtodo/done/doingkeepAdoing(2)感官类see/hearAdo/doing/done find/catchAdoingsth.withAdoing/done/todo建议某人做某事advisesb.todosth.允许某人做某事allowsb.todosth.叫/请某人做某事asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事begsb.todosth.导致某人做某事causesb.todosth.驱使某人做某事drivesb.todosth.选举某人做某事electsb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.期望某人做某事expectsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事forbidsb.todosth.强迫某人做某事forcesb.todosth.打算要某人做某事intendsb.todosth.邀请某人做某事invitesb.todosth.命令某人做order/commandsb.todosth.警告某人做某事warnsb.todosth.允许某人做某事permitsb.todosth.说服某人做某事persuadesb.todosth.请求某人做某事requestsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事remindsb.todosth.要求某人做某事requiresb.todosth.教某人做某事teachsb.todosth.告诉/让某人做某事tellsb.todosth.麻烦某人做某事troublesb.todosth.想要某人做某事wantsb.todosth.希望某人做某事wishsb.todosth.五、接不定式作宾补的常用动词V.+sb.+todosth.

六、既可接doing也可接todo，但意思不同1停止做某事stopdoing停下来去做某事stoptodo2试着做某事trydoing努力做某事trytodo3意味着做某事meandoing打算做某事meantodo4忘记做过某事forgetdoing忘记做某事forgettodo5记得做过某事rememberdoing记得要做某事remembertodo6后悔做过某事regretdoing遗憾地做某事regrettodo7继续做（同一件）goondoing接着做（另一件）goontodo8情不自禁做某事can’thelpdoing不能帮助做某事can’thelp(to)dosth.七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的动词

liketodosth/likedoingsth.喜欢做某事

lovetodosth/lovedoingsth.喜欢做某事

hatetodosth/hatedoingsth.憎恨做某事

prefertodosth/preferdoingsth.宁可做某事

begintodosth/begindoingsth.开始做某事

starttodosth/startdoingsth.开始做某事

continuetodosth/continuedoingsth.继续做某事

can’tbeartodosth/can’tbeardoingsth.不能忍受做某事八、可接双宾语的常用动词

（1）双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词把某物卖给某人sellsb.sth.=sellsth.tosb.告诉某人某事tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.拿某物给某人看showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.欠某人某物owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.把某物递给某人hand/passsb.sth.=hand/passsth.tosb.给某人某物givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.把某物还给某人returnsb.sth.=returnsth.tosb.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.把某物借给某人lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.教某人某物teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.把某物带给某人bringsb.sth.=bringsth.tosb.颁奖给某人awardsb.sth.=awardsth.tosb.把某物拿给某人takesb.sth.=takesth.tosb.把某物送给某人sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.为某人买某物buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.为某人选某物choosesb.sth.=choosesth.forsb.为某人煮某物cooksb.sth.=cooksth.forsb.为某人准备某物preparesb.sth.=preparesth.forsb.（2）双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词

九、可用于“动词+sb+ofsth”的常见动词控告/指责某人做某事accusesb.ofsth.使某人摆脱某物ridsb.ofsth.使某人想起某事remindsb.ofsth.抢劫某人的某东西robsb.ofsth.治好...病/改掉...坏习惯curesb.ofsth.骗取某人某物cheatsb.ofsth.通知某人某情况（事）informsb.ofsth.警告...warnsb.ofsth.十、固定句式中的非谓语1感谢