Unit4 Discovering Useful Structures - Assessing Your Progress 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂版本：新人教单元：必修二Unit4(DiscoveringUsefulStructures—AssessingYourProgress)本单元词汇梳理1.charge：一词多义：词源义和基本义是“负荷”词块：chargeforsth,chargesb(for)sth,chargesbwith(doing)sth;inchargeof,takechargeof,freeofcharge派生词：charger2.announce：an-(to)+nounce(report报告)→通知派生词：announcer,announcement词块：announce=makeanannouncement3.amount：a-(加强意义)+-mount-(mountain山)→到达山顶→到达最顶处→总、合词块：alargeamountof;amountto4.gallery：词块：anartgallery5.approach：一词多义：基本义“接近”(comenearer)意为“处理……的方法”时与介词to搭配，类似结构有solutionto,keyto,wayto等6.ensure：en-(make使)+sure(确认)近义词：makesure7.landscape：land(land土地)+-scap(e)(condition状况)→“土地的状况”，原用于绘画术语指自然风景画，后泛指“风景”

8.generous：gener-(birth,produce产生)+-ous→(不断)产生→(物)丰富的→(人)慷慨的

句式：it’sgenerousofsbtodosth,begeneroustosb/withsth派生词：generousity,generously9.butter：词块：breadandbutter10.honey：蜂蜜→亲爱的(非正式用语)11.ancestor：an-(before前面)+cest-(togo走)+-or(人)→走在前面的人→祖先12.position：一词多义：基本义“位置”

词块：applyforaposition,insb’sposition13.courtyard：court(n

宫廷)+yard14.snack：词块：asnackbar15.eager：词块：beeagerfor/todosth

派生词：eagerly,eagerness16.poet：poe-(make做)→作诗的人→诗人

词族：poem,poet,poetry17.county：来自count(伯爵)，伯爵管辖的土地→郡、县法国作家大仲马有著名作品《基督山伯爵》(TheCountofMonteCristo)18.feast：词块：aweddingfeast,avisualfeast19.roll：一词多义：基本义“(使)滚动/转动”词块：arollofpaper,springrolls

派生词：rolling

(rollinghills)20.dot：名词动词化“布满；星罗棋布于”(Theskywasdottedwithstars.)21.cattle：指牛的总称，不能说acattle；词块：twentyheadofcattle22.roar：拟声词，模仿咆哮的声音23.ocean：英式英语用sea，美式用ocean24.greet：近义词：welcome；派生词：greeting隐喻：具体的“迎接”某人→抽象的“迎接”→对……作出反应；词块：greet…with25.pub：缩写自publichouse26.wine：词块：redwine27.beer：音译词28.custom：custom的本意是“习俗、惯例”，也指“海关、关税”，因为缴纳关税原本是一种惯例。早在古希腊时代，雅典成为爱琴海沿岸的商贸中心。外地商人为了保障自己在当地的贸易权利和利益，就向雅典城邦当局赠送礼物。后来，雅典以使用其港口为名，正式向来往商品征收一定比例的费用。在英国，外地商人进入某地进行商贸活动时，需要向当地领主缴纳一项例行的入市费，称为customarytolls。因此，custom便衍生了“关税”的含义，通常用其复数形式。后来，custom又用来表示征收关税的场所，即“海关”。29.sensory：sense(感觉)+-ory30.striking：strike+-ing词族：strike,striking,stricken31.crowd：词块：acrowdof/crowdsof

派生词：crowded(becrowedwith)

重难点词精讲crowdamounteager搭配义搭配义熟词生义搭配义charge一词多义position一词多义英语释义英语的发展史approach一词多义en词缀announce一词多义rollgreet一词多义一词多义charge词源根据词源可知，charge名词的词源义是“负荷”，在此基础上衍生出各层释义。charge和car（车）同源，来自拉丁语carrus（一种两轮货车，即装载货物的车），由这个拉丁语衍生而来的单词都跟“装载、承载”有关，比如cargo（货物），carriage（马车；客车车厢），carry(携带；搬运)，career（职业）以及charge

[U]主管；负责：①incharge(ofsth):

CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?2009全国②in/undersb’scharge:Thefileswereleftinyourcharge.③takechargeof:DoyouknowifLindaiswillingtotakechargeoftheprogram?2010安徽

charge

n

[C]&[U]费用；价钱：Deliveryisfreeofcharge.

[C]指控；罪名：Shewasarrestedonthechargeoftheft.Policedroppedthechargesagainsthimbecauseofinsufficientevidence.

[C]&[U]电荷；电量：oncharge

apositive/negativecharge

vt&vi(向……)收费；开价：①

charge(sb/sth)forsth:Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.2009安徽②chargesbsth(forsth):Therestaurantonlychargedme$40(forwine).charge

v

vt指控；控告：chargesbwith(doing)sth:Sheischargedwithmurderingherhusband.

vt&vi(给……)充电：Heforgottochargethebattery.►chargern[C]充电器

vi&vt(向……)冲；进攻：Whenlionsarehidingforanattackbyawaterhole,theywaitpatientlyandcanchargeatanysecond.负荷（基本义）charge罪名的负荷金钱的负荷责任的负荷①

负责②费用③

指控电荷的负荷④

电量charge语义网络图n①

(向……)收费；开价②

指控；控告③

(给……)充电④

(向……)

冲；进攻vannouncevt

宣告；宣布：Pleaseremainseated;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.2008辽宁MrWhiteannouncedthathewouldgotoChinainFebruary.

2008全国

(尤指在机场或火车站)广播通知：Thepilotannouncedwithapologythattherewouldbeaslightdelaybeforesettingdown.

2010四川

宣布……的到来/出席：Wouldyouannouncetheguestsastheycomein?

an-(to)+nounce(report报告)→通知【词汇拓展】announcern[C]

(电视台/电台的)播音员；(机场或车站的)广播员announcementn[C]通告；布告[U]宣布；宣告：makeanannouncement

IreadtheannouncementofthesummercampthatyouhavepostedontheInternetandIaminterestedinit.2012全国书面表达amount■n[C]&[U]数量；数额；总数：Whenyouaretraveling,don’tdisplaylargeamountsofcashtoothers.Alittlebitofkindnesswillberewardedwithahugeamountofbenefit.注：amountsof/alarge(huge/small)amountof尤与不可数名词连用。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与amount的数保持一致。Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonbuildingthebridge.There’sonlyasmallamountoffood.a-(加强意义)+-mount-(mountain山)→到达山顶→到达最顶处→总、合viamountto

达到(某数量)；合计：Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56million.2017浙江

相当于；等于；意味着：Keepingwhatbelongstoanotheramountstostealing.翻译句子。1.圣诞节就要来临。______________________________2.列车即将进站。______________________________approachChristmasiscoming.approachingThetrainisarriving.approaching词源：动词approach由ad

“to”+propiare

[拉丁语prope（near）的比较级]构成，词源义/基本义是“comenearer”“靠近；接近”。

vt&vi(距离上)靠近(near)；(时间上)临近；(数量上)接近

tocomenearornearertosb/sthinspace,time,amount,etc.：approachvApproachingthevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.2016全国AsTeachers’Daywasapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.2012陕西书面表达Thepopulationofourprovinceisnowapproaching74million.走近来临接近

vt与……接洽

tospeaktosbusuallyinordertoaskforsth：Thestaffsoonfoundthenewmanagereasytoapproach.2012陕西Thestudentsapproachtheirteacherforadvice.

vt处理

tostartdealingwithaproblem,task,etc.：What’sthebestwayofapproachingthisproblem/matter/task?表示处理的词还有：dealwith,handle,address

[U]靠近；接近：theapproachofautumnThestudentsstoppedtalkingattheteacher’sapproach.

[C]通道；道路aroadorpath,etc.leadingtosth：All

approachestothetownwereblocked.

[C](处理……的)方法；(达到……的)途径awayofdealingwithsb/sth：adifferentapproachtotheproblemtryanewapproachtoteachingEnglishapproachn跟to搭配的常见名词有：answer,key,solution,visit,way,path,contribution,entrance,exit,access等

approach语义网络图vn（距离上）靠近；（时间上）临近；（数量上）接近靠近；接近与……接洽通道；道路（处理……的）方法（达到……的）途径“靠近”距离、时间、数量等“靠近”人“靠近”事情处理靠近基本义position单词拼写：1.The_____________________（位置）oftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeellikeIwasdreaming.(2015浙江)2.I’mwritingtoapplyforthe___________________（职位）asastudentvolunteer.(2015陕西)location/position更正式positionjob/post/position

[C]＆[U]位置；方位；(恰当或正确的)位置：Canyoushowmethepositionofthecityonthemap?Theorchestrawereallinposition,waitingfortheconductor.position

【基本义】位置

n

[C]＆[U]姿势；(物体所指的)方向：Lieinacomfortableposition.Keeptheboxinanuprightposition.

[C]＆[U]地位；身份：Thesocialpositionofeachcharacterinfluencesthewaytheybehavetoeachother.

[C]

[正式用语]职位；职务ajob

(post)：HeisthinkingofapplyingforthepositionofChiefEditor.

[C]

(比赛中的)名次：

Shefinishedtheracein

firstposition.

[C]

[常用单数]处境；状况

thestateorsituationthatsb/sthisin：Whatwouldyoudoifinmyposition?

[C][常与on连用]立场；观点；态度(attitude)anopiniononoranattitudetowardsaparticularsubject:Ihopeyou’llreconsider

yourposition.

vt

放置；安放(place)：Ipositionedmyselftotakethebestphotooftheseaview.2017天津改名词动词化位置（基本义）place在社会上的位置人身体/物体的位置在空间上的位置位置；方位;(恰当或正确的)位置在工作中的位置比赛中的位置处境中的位置观点的位置position语义网络图姿势；(物体所指的)方向地位；身份职位；职务(比赛中的)名次处境；状况立场；观点；态度nv放置；安放adj

渴望的；热切的(keen)：Hisclasseswerecrowdedwitheagerstudents.①(be)eagertodosth:Mikeiseagertostayawayfromthebusycitylifeforawhile.②(be)eagerforsth:Heiseagerforsuccess.►eagerlyadv

热心地；急切地►eagernessn[U]热切；渴望eagerroll■vt&vi

(使)滚动；转动：Cassierolledhereyes.

2008湖南Tearsslowlyrolleddownhercheeks.

卷；使成筒形/球形：Herolleduphissleeves.

Weracedaroundthegardenandrolledabigsnowballtomakealovelysnowman.

北师大新必修①–3rollover翻身；打滚■n[C]卷；卷形物；面包卷；(正式的)名册：arollofcarpet/paperSpringRolls

/thehonorroll

rollingadj

起伏的：rollinghills/waves11月21日是“世界问候日”，是第四次中东战争（FourthMiddleEastWar）期间（1973年10月6日至10月26日），为促进埃及（Egypt）与以色列（Israel）之间的和平，来自澳大利亚（Australia）的姆可马克（McCormack）与米切尔（Michael）两兄弟自愿宣传并设立的。节日的意义在于向全世界祈祷和平。不同国家的不同问候方式greetWorldHelloDaygreetvt打招呼；问候；迎接

(welcome)：greettheNewYearHegreetedhisteacherbysaying“Goodmorning!”.greet...withWheneverImether,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.2009山东Whenitwasfirststagedin1949,theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews.2011山东词汇拓展greeting

n

[C]&[U]问候；致意；迎接：They

exchangedgreetings

(=greetedeachother)andsatdowntolunch.Shewavedafriendlygreeting.Sheraisedherhandingreeting.

[复数]

祝词；贺词；问候语：Christmas/birthdaygreetingsMymothersendshergreetingstoyouall.翻译歌词：歌曲《传奇》中的歌词“只是因为在人群中多看了你一眼，再也没能忘掉你容颜。”crowd仅供参考：JustbecauseofonemoreglanceatyouinthecrowdIcan’tforgetyourfacefromthatmomenton■n[C]人群；观众：Thecrowderuptedintolaughter.2010福建Thebandplayedandthecrowdcheered.2009湖北acrowdof/crowdsof一大群；很多：Aftermakingmywaythroughcrowdsofpeople,Ifinallyfoundasubwaylinethatwasoperating.2008山东crowd■v

vt挤满；塞满：Onlookerscrowdedthestreet.crowdaroomwithfurnitureMemoriesfromhighschoolcrowdedhismind.

vi

聚集；涌进；蜂拥而至：Pupilscrowdedround(theirteacher)toaskquestions.Thousandsofpeoplehavecrowdedintothesmalltown.crowdedadj

拥挤的；挤满的；装满的：acrowdedroad/city/railwaystationTherestaurantisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.2016全国en-+sure→ensureen-+able→enableen-+rich→enrichen-+danger→endangeren-+courage→encourage使役动词词缀en“使役动词”前缀en-及后缀-en可加在形容词和名词前或后构成动词，en词缀意为“使”“使成为”“使处于……之中”。short+-en→shortendeaf+-en→deafenfright+-en→frightenthreat+-en→threatenlight+-en→lighten使役动词前缀en-说出下列单词的词性及汉语释义。v

确保v使能够v使遭遇危险v鼓励v使丰富v(使)变短v(使)变明亮/减轻v

使震得耳朵发聋v

使惊吓v

威胁英语发展简史公元450年公元1100年公元1500年公元1800年盎格鲁人、撒克逊人等（日耳曼部落）在不列颠定居：古英语形成；基督教传入：拉丁语词进入英语；北欧人入侵：斯堪的纳维亚各国词汇进入英语诺曼征服：法语词进入英语文艺复兴：大量拉丁语词和希腊语词进入英语科技词汇大量增长；美国英语地位确立；多种新英语变体出现古英语时期OldEnglish中古英语时期MiddleEnglish早期现代英语时期后期现代英语时期现代英语时期ModernEnglish随堂检测一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。_________1.Admissionisatnormalchargesandyoudon’tneedtobook.(2015全国)._________2.Iagreetohissuggestionontheconditionthathedropsallcharges.(2010辽宁)

_________3.Anydriverfounddrinkingbeyondthelimitwillbecharged.(2011福建)

_________4.Howlongdoesittakethebatterytochargeup

aniPhone?(2009湖南)_________5.Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest,thenext,theairwaschargedwith

tension(紧张气氛).(2014重庆)

费用放弃指控指控；控告给……充电充满……charge二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Iwonderifthere’saservicecharge________ourmeal.(2011上海)2.Theywantedtocharge$5,000_________thecar,butwemanagedtobringthepricedown.

3.We’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshould____________(charge)forparks.

三、根据所给提示完成下列句子。1.Wealsohaveaswimmingpool,whichisopenalldayand__________(免费的).2.Iwasappointedto____________________________________(负责)arrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.(2011天津书面表达)

forforbechargedfreeofchargebeinchargeof/takechargeofannounce一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.InJanuary,Starbucksannouncedthatcustomerscouldstartusingtheirphonestobuycoffeein6,800ofitsstores.(2011湖北) ___________2.Butthenaweekbeforethetrip,shesuddenlyannouncedthattheywouldn’ttaketheholiday.(2010四川) ___________二、空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Aftergraduatingfromuniversityin1932,Reagangotajobasaradiosports___________(announce).(2010广东)2.The_______________(announce)wasgreetedenthusiastically.三、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。1.Silence,please.MrWhteisaboutto_______________________(宣布通知).2.Hesaidtheluckywoman____________________________(将在网上公布)andthetripwillbesharedonline.(2017全国)宣布宣布/宣称/郑重其事地说announcerannouncementmakeanannouncementwillbeannouncedonthewebsiteamount一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语意思。1.Ifyouaddalltheseamountstogetheryougetahugefigure.___________2.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto

4.56million.

(2017浙江) ___________二、根据所给汉语及提示，完成下列句子。1.Iwassurprisedat____________________

(工作量)Ihadtodo.2.Ispent____________________

(大量的时间)preparingfortheexam.达到数目；数量alargeamountoftimetheamountofwork43一、根据句意选出approach的最佳释义。___________

1.Amomentlater,themancameoutofthewashroomandapproachedourtable.(2013陕西)___________2.Itmightbepossibletoapproachtheprobleminadifferentway.

___________3.Heapproachedmetocreateanddesigntherestaurant.___________4.Thetemperaturesareapproaching37ºC.靠近

处理与……接洽

接近approach44二、根据所给汉语用approach完成句子。1.I’dliketotalkabout___________________________(处理困难的方法)inlearning.2.Thereweredifferencesin_________________________________________(他们教育孩子的方法).3.Iexpect___________________________(秋天的来临).4.Thereisa__________________________(去市里的新路).myapproachtodifficultiestheirapproachtoeducatingtheapproachofautumnnewapproachtothecitytheirchildren一、写出下列句子中position的汉语释义。

1.Ihadtofindsomeoneelsetofillinher

position

forthemoment.

(2014湖北)

______________2.SpainandtheUStaketheleading

position

inbuildingsmartcities. ______________3.Sorry,DoctorWhiteisoutoftownandI’mnotintheposition

togiveoutthatkindofinformation. ______________职位；职务地位处境position二、用position的适当形式填空。1.

Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheir__________.(2009上海)

2.Thephonesallhavecameras,computersanda“global-___________”somethingorotherthat’ssupposedtospotmefromspace.(2012福建)

3.Onecanfindhis_________inlifeinhisownway.

positi