专题12阅读理解（含七选五）拔高练习-高一英语寒假辅导讲义

专题12阅读理解（含七选五）一Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAoveringthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerseandreallydoaninpersonreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.【文章大意】本文介绍了美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH计划。参与这个计划的高中生制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来，把空间技术带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，这项计划实施结果会影响到学生的生活和大学的录取。1.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.C.Theyappeardifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。题干：关于国际空间站的细菌，我们知道什么？根据“bacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation”，将答案定位在第一段的第二句：Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.（来自我们身体的微生物肆虐地在空间站的表面生长，宇航员每周花费好几个小时来清理他们。）选项A符合文意。2.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacherstudentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’municationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。题干：HUNCH项目的目的是什么？根据第二段第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”（设计HUNCH这个项目是为了将高中教育同NASA工程师连接起来）。选项D符合文意。3.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct.B.GuideprojectdesignsC.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。题干：NASA工程师会为参加该项目的学生做什么？根据“engineers”将答案定位在两处：“Engineerseandreallydoaninpersonreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”和“…hisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.”第一处工程师是主语；第二处学生是主语。题干问的是工程师做什么（即工程师是工作的施行者），所以答案应该在第一处，“工程师会过来亲自审查，而且有时候搞得很不愉快，这可是真正的商业产品检验呢”。A选项符合文意。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts.B.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontier.C.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroom.D.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform.【答案】B【解析】文章主旨题。题干：对本文最切题的标题应该是？本文核心内容是美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH计划将航天技术与学校教育结合起来。只有B选项出现了航天相关词汇（space）和教育相关词汇（homework），故选B。二We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeunfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavepromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialmunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustmunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwellbeingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或挣扎于不舒服的沉默，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。1.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Impatiencewithslowservice.C.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.D.Absenceofmunicationbetweenstrangers.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。题干：第一段描述了什么样的现象？第一段第一句“We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeunfortablesilence.”不管是在电梯里，在银行排队的时候，还是在飞机上，我们以及我们身边的人都深陷于手机的世界里，或者更糟糕的是，挣扎于不舒服的沉默。D选项（陌生人之间没有沟通交流）最符合文意。2.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Focusingonatopic.C.Relatingtootherpeople.D.Makingbusinessdeals.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。题干：Carducci认为，对于成功的闲聊，最重要的是什么？根据“successfulsmalltalk”将答案定位在第二段最后一句：Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustmunicatewiththem（成功闲聊的关键是，要学会如何同他人建立联系，不仅仅是和他们交流）。C选项符合文意。3.Whatdoesthecoffeeshopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。题干：关于闲聊，在咖啡厅的一次调研说明了什么？根据“coffeeshopstudy”和“suggest”，将答案定位在第三段的第三句“Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.”调研结果显示，那些在咖啡厅同服务员闲聊的人产生更积极向上的情绪，咖啡厅里的体验也更好。选项B符合文意。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BenefitsofSmallTalkB.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.ConversationCountsD.UnfortableSilence【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。题干：以下哪个标题最符合本文？快速浏览全文，几乎每段都提到了smalltalks，而且都是讲smalltalks的好处。故选A。三DearAlfred，Iwanttotellyouhowimportantyourhelpistomylife.Growingup,IhadpeopletellingmeIwastooslow,though,withanIQof150at17,I’manythingbutstupid.ThefactwasthatIwasfoundtohaveADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍).Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbeeabsorbed.Inhighschool,Ibecamecuriousabouttheputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.Moreover,IpletedtheseniorcourseofputerBasics,plusfiverelevantprecollegecourses.WhileIwasexploringmycuriosity,mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn’t.So,IwaskillingmytimeathomeuntilJune2012whenIdiscoveredtheonlineputercoursesofyourtrainingcenter.Sincethen,IhavetakencourseslikeDataScienceandAdvancedMathematics.Currently,I’mlearningyourProbabilitycourse.Ihavehundredsofprinterpaper,coveredinselfwrittennotesfromyourvideo.Thishasgivenmeapurpose.Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.Luckily,Idiscoveredthejob—DataAnalyst—thismonthandhavebeengoingfullsteamahead.IwanttoprovethatIcanteachmyselfarespectfulprofession,withoutgoingtocollege,andbejustasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,mypetitors.Thankyou.You’vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart.Forthefirsttime,IfeelgoodaboutmyselfbecauseI’mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.Ifeelwhole.Thisiswhyyou’resavingmylife.Yours,Tanis【文章大意】本文是一篇感谢信，属应用文。作者虽然患有ADHD，不能正常读大学；但通过参加Alfred的网络课程，作者获得了知识、工作与自信，因此，写信表达感激之情！1.whydidn’tTanisgotocollegeafterhighschool?A.ShehadlearnedenoughaboutputerscienceB.ShehadmoredifficultykeepingfocusedC.ShepreferredtakingonlinecoursesD.Shewastooslowtolearn【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。题干：为什么塔尼斯高中毕业后没有上大学？由关键词“college”可将信息定位至第四段的第二句：“mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn’t”，意思是，作者的疾病注意力缺陷多动障碍加重了，高中毕业之后想上大学，却不能上。通过该疾病的名称可知B项正确。2.Asfortheworkingenvironment,Tainsprefers____.A.workingbyherselfB.dealingwiththepublicC.petingagainstothersD.stayingwithADHDstudents【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。题干：关于工作环境，Tains更喜欢___。根据关键词“workingenvironment”将信息定位至倒数第三段的第一句“Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.”（去年，我全心全意寻找工作，一份不需要同外界打交道，可以独自开展，却仍有个团队可以交流的工作。）由此可知作者不想处理复杂的人际关系，喜欢独自工作。所以至于工作环境，塔尼斯更喜欢独自工作。故选A项。3.Taniswrotethisletterinorderto_____.A.explainwhyshewasinterestedintheputerB.sharetheideasshehadforherprofessionC.showhowgratefulshewastothecenterD.describethecoursesshehadtakensofar【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。题干：Tanis写这封信的目的是___。根据倒数第二段“Thankyou.You’vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart”（谢谢您，是您给了我希望，让我可以追随我的心），以及最后一段“Thisiswhyyou’resavingmylife.”（您拯救了我的生命）可知，C选项符合文意。四MusicOperaatMusicHall:1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts.Phone:2412742.http://.cityopera.ChamberOrchestra:TheOrchestraplaysatMemorialHallat1406ElmStreet,whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.Call7231182formoreinformation.http://.chamberorch.SymphonyOrchestra:AtMusicHallandRiverbend.Forticketsales,call3813300.RegularseasonrunsSeptemberthroughMayatMusicHallinsummeratRiverbend.http://./home.asp.CollegeConservatoryofMusic(CCM):Performancesareonthemaincampus(校园)oftheuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbettTheater.CCMorganizesavarietyofevents,includingperformancesbythewellknownLaSalleQuartet,CCM’sPhilharmonicOrchestra,andvariousgroupsofmusicianspresentingBaroquethroughmodernmusic.StudentswithI.D.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.Afreescheduleofeventsforeachtermisavailablebycallingtheboxofficeat5564183.http://./events/calendar.RiverbendMusicTheater:6295KelloggAve.Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).Bignameshowsallsummerlong!Phone:2326220.http://.riverbendmusic.【文章大意】文章是一篇广告类短文。共介绍了五个与音乐有关的活动，包括举办的地点，举办时间，活动内容和联系方式等。1.Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoseeanopera?A.2412742.B.7231182.C.3813300.D.2326220.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。题干：如果你想看歌剧，打哪个电话？关键词“opera”将信息定位至第一段，可直接找到电话号码2412742。故选A2.WhencanyougotoaconcertbyChamberOrchestra?A.February.B.May.C.August.D.November.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。题干：什么时间可以看室内乐队音乐会（concertbyChamberOrchestra）。关键词“ChamberOrchestra”将信息定位至第二段。从中找到时间词“MarchthroughJune”（3月到6月）。故选B。3.WherecanstudentsgoforfreeperformanceswiththeirI.D.cards?A.MusicHall.B.MemorialHall.C.PatriciaCobbettTheater.D.RiverbendMusicTheater.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。题干：学生拿着自己的ID卡可以去哪里看免费演出？由关键词“I.D.cards”将信息定位至第四个活动。本段出现两个地点“maincampus”和“PatriciaCobbettTheater”。故选C。4.HowisRiverbendMusicTheaterdifferentfromtheotherplaces?A.Ithasseatsintheopenair.B.Itgivesshowsallyearround.C.Itoffersmembershipdiscounts.D.Itpresentsfamousmusicalworks.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。题干：RiverbendMusicTheater同其他地点有什么不同？根据RiverbendMusicTheater定位到最后一个活动，根据“Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover”可知，RiverbendMusicTheater是一个露天剧院。A项符合文意。五A15yearoldgirlwrotetomeandaskedaboutfiguringoutwhattodowithherlife.Shewrote:“AsahighschoolstudentI’moftenbeingremindedtofigureoutwhattodowithmylife,whatjobIwouldliketohaveandsoon.Ifeelhugeamountsofpressurewhenmyteachersandparentstellmetofigureoutsomethingnow.I’myoungandIdon’twanttomakeamistakeandruinmyfuture.IknowwhatIlikeandwhatmyinterestsarebutwhenIreadaboutajobrelatedtothoseinterests,IfeelasifIwouldn’tenjoyitandIdon’tknowwhy.”Whatanextremelyhardthingtofigureout:whattodowithyourfuture!Now,Ican’treallytellthisyoungwomanwhattodo,butIcansharewhatI’velearnedlookingbackonmylife,andwhatIwouldtellmykids.Here’swhatI’dsay.Youcan’tfigureoutthefuture.Evenyoungpeoplewhohaveaplan(beadoctor,lawyer,researchscientist,singer)don’treallyknowwhatwillhappen.Lifedoesn’tgoaccordingtoplan,andwhileafewpeoplemightdoexactlywhattheysetouttodo,youneverknowifyou’reoneofthose.Otherthingsealongtochangeyou,tochangeyouropportunities,tochangetheworld.Soifyoucan’tfigureoutthefuture,whatdoyoudo?Don’tfocusonthefuture.Focusonwhatyoucandorightnowthatwillbegoodnomatterwhatthefuturebrings.Learnskills.Goonadventures.Makefriends.Thesethingswillhelpinthefuture.Learntobegoodwithtrouble.OneofthemostimportantskillsyoucandevelopisbeingOKwithtrouble.Thebestthingsinlifeareoftenhard,andifyourunawayfromdifficultyandtrouble,you’llmissout.You’llliveasafelife.Learningishard.Buildingsomethinggreatishard.Writingabookishard.Amarriageishard.Allareamazing.Ifyougetgoodatthis,youcandoanything.Youcanstartabusiness,whichyoucouldn’tifyou’reafraidoftrouble,becausestartingabusinessishardandunfortable.Howdoyougetgoodatthis?Dothingsnowthatareunfortableandhard,onpurpose.Butstartwithsmallthings.Tryexercisingforalittlebit,evenifit’shard,butjuststartwithafewminutesofit,andincreaseaminuteeveryfewdaysorso.Whenyoufindyourselfavoidingdisfort,pushyourselfjustalittlebitmore.【文章大意】本文就“怎样才能过好自己的生活”给年轻人提出了一些很好的建议。作者认为不管未来会怎么样,做好现在能做的是非常有益的。1.Thegirlwrotetothewriterforadviceabout______.A.howtostudyinschoolB.howtoliveherlifeC.whattodowithmistakesD.whattodowithpressure【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。题干：这个女孩给作者写信，寻求关于什么的建议？根据关键词“advice”，将信息定位至首段首句“A15yearoldgirlwrotetomeandaskedaboutfiguringoutwhattodowithherlife.”（一个15岁的女孩给我写信，问该怎么生活）。由此可知选项B正确。2.Howdoesthegirllikeherfuturejob?A.Interesting.B.Sad.C.Uncertain.D.Hopeless.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。题干：这个女孩如何看待她将来的工作？根据关键词组“futurejob”，将信息定位至“I’myoungandIdon’twanttomakeamistakeandruinmyfuture.IknowwhatIlikeandwhatmyinterestsarebutwhenIreadaboutajobrelatedtothoseinterests,IfeelasifIwouldn’tenjoyitandIdon’tknowwhy”（我还年轻，不想犯错误，不想毁了我的未来。我知道我喜欢什么,也知道自己的兴趣所在,但是每次看到那些和我的兴趣相关的工作时总感觉我不能享受那样的工作,我也不知道为什么。）由此可知，这个女孩对未来的工作感到迷茫,故C项正确。3.Accordingtothewriter,thegirl’questionis______.A.fullofdreamsB.pletelywrongC.shortofthoughtsD.difficulttoanswer【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。题干：在作者看来，这个女孩的问题是___？引述完这个女孩儿的来信内容后，紧接着作者就说“Whatanextremelyhardthingtofigureout:whattodowithyourfuture!Now,Ican’treallytellthisyoungwomanwhattodo,butIcansharewhatI’velearnedlookingbackonmylife,andwhatIwouldtellmykids.”（回答怎么生活是一件非常难的事情。现在，我不能告诉年轻的姑娘该做什么，但我可以跟她分享一下，当我回头看我自己的人生时，我会跟我的孩子们说些什么）。由此可判断出答案D项正确。4.Whatyoungpeopleshoulddonowisto______.A.figureoutthefutureB.makeaplanforthefutureC.dosomethingtochangethemD.dowellinwhattheyaredoing【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。题干：现在年轻人应该做的是___？文章有两处自问自答的句子，第一处提到“whatdoyoudo”，显然和本题题干相符。后面的句子就是答案，“Don’tfocusonthefuture.Focusonwhatyoucandorightnowthatwillbegoodnomatterwhatthefuturebrings”（别纠结于你的未来了,专注于你现在能做好的事情,不管未来会怎么样）。故选D。5.Thepassageismainlywrittenfor______.A.youngparentsB.youngworkersC.youngpeopleD.youngteachers【答案】C【解析】读者对象题。题干：本文主要是写给谁的？通读全文可知,本文主要是写给年轻人的一些建议:怎样才能过好自己的生活。故答案C项正确。六Youknowthefeelingthatyouhaveleftyourphoneathomeandfeelanxious,asifyouhavelostyourconnectiontotheworld.“Nomophobia”(无手机恐惧症)affectsteenagersandadultsalike.Youcanevendoanonlinetesttoseeifyouhaveit.Lastweek，researchersfromHongKongwarnedthatnomophobiaisinfectingeveryone.Theirstudyfoundthatpeoplewhousetheirphonestostore，shareandaccesspersonalmemoriessuffermost.Whenuserswereaskedtodescribehowtheyfeltabouttheirphones，wordssuchas“hurt”(neckpainwasoftenreported)and“alone”predictedhigherlevelsofnomophobia.“Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices，”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhenseparatedfromtheirphones.”Meanwhile，anAmericanstudyshowsthatsmartphoneseparationcanleadtoanincreaseinheartrateandbloodpressure.Socanbeingwithoutyourphonereallygiveyouseparationanxiety？ProfessorMarkGriffiths，psychologistanddirectoroftheInternationalGamingResearchUnitatNottinghamTrentUniversity，saysitiswhatisonthephonethatcounts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout)．“WearetalkingaboutanInternet­connecteddevicethatallowspeopletodealwithlotsofaspectsoftheirlives，”saysGriffiths.“Youwouldhavetosurgicallyremoveaphonefromateenagerbecausetheirwholelifeisrootedinthisdevice.”Griffithsthinksattachmenttheory，wherewedevelopemotionaldependencyonthephonebecauseitholdsdetailsofourlives，isasmallpartofnomophobia.For“screenagers”，itisFomothatcreatesthemostseparationanxiety.Iftheycan’tseewhat’shappeningonSnapchatorInstagram，theybeepanic­strickenaboutnotknowingwhat’sgoingonsocially.“Buttheyadaptveryquicklyifyoutakethemonholidayandthere’snoInternet，”saysGriffiths.【文章大意】本文为说明文。当今社会的许多人成了手机控，只要手机不在身边就会出现无手机恐惧症，会感到焦虑不安，好像失去了与世界的联系。这是因为人们把智能手机当作存储、分享和访问他人、与朋友联系的一种工具。1.WhichofthefollowingmayDrKimKiJoonagreewith?A．Wewastetoomuchtimeonphones.B．Phoneshavebeepartofsomeusers.C．Addictiontophonesmakesmemoriessuffer.D．Phonesandbloodpressurearecloselylinked.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。题干：下面哪一条会是KimKiJoon博士的建议？根据关键词语“DrKimKiJoon”，将信息定位至第二段第一句话“Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatusersregardsmartphonesastheirextendedselvesandgetattachedtothedevices，”saidDrKimKiJoon.“Peopleexperiencefeelingsofanxietyandunpleasantnesswhenseparatedfromtheirphones.”（KimKiJoon博士说，调查结果显示，手机用户将手机视为本我的延伸，并依赖于它们。同手机分开后，人们会感觉焦虑和不快）。由此可知，B选项符合文意。2.AccordingtoGriffiths,wegetnomophobiabecause.A．weareaccustomedtohavingaphoneonusB．weneedourphonestohelpusstoreinformationC．weworrywemaymissoutwhatourfriendsaredoingD．wefearwithoutphoneswewillrunintoalotoftrouble【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。题干：根据Griffiths的说法，我们得无手机恐惧症的原因是什么？根据关键词语“Griffiths”，将信息定位至第三、四、五段。因为定位范围比较大，要重点看各段的首句和尾句，发现第三段的尾句是一个强调句“...itiswhatisonthephonethatcounts—thesocialnetworkingthatcreatesFomo(fearofmissingout)”（是手机里面的东西起着关键的作用—是社交网络引起的“害怕错过”这样的情绪）。选项C符合该句意。3.Wherecanyouprobablyfindtheabovepassage?A．Inaresearchreport.B．Inafashionbrochure.C．Inasciencetextbook.D．Inapopularsciencemagazine.【答案】D【解析】文章出处题。题干：这篇文章应该出自哪里？A研究报告；B时尚手册；C科学课本；D科普杂志。本文主要讲无手机恐惧症，D选项切题。七WhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.Thesearethefindingsofa40yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeormunitygainedpetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,”saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理学家)whomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearchersparedthemen’smentalhealthscoreswiththeirboyhoodactivityscores.Pointswereawardedforparttimejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandpetence—theunderpinnings(基础)ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardmongoals.Themostpetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”【文章大意】本文主要阐述了童年的工作经历可以帮助人们在成年之后拥有更美好和健康的生活。1.WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A.Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage.B.Hehadfewchildhoodplaymates.C.Hereceivedlittlelovefromhisfamily.D.Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。题干：关于John，我们知道什么？本文第一段简单介绍了一下John。主要内容是他小的时候除草、扔垃圾、送报纸等，但成年后比其他发小过得更幸福。A项符合文意。2.Vaillant’swordsinParagraph2serveas_____.A.adescriptionofpersonalvaluesandsocialvaluesB.ananalysisofhowworkwasrelatedtopetenceC.anexampleforparents’expectationsoftheirchildrenD.anexplanationwhysomeboysgrewintohappymen【答案】D【解析】判断推理题。题干：Vaillant在第二段说的话起什么作用？重点看引出Vaillant讲话前的内容：“Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot”（研究表明，那些小时候劳动过的人过得更幸福，工作能力也更强）。而Vaillant的讲话内容是：“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeormunitygainedpetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety.Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”（主要内容是在家里或者社区有所贡献的男孩子会自我感觉良好，其他人也会觉得他们好）。由此可见，Vaillant的讲话是在对前面的调查结果做解释。故选D3.Vaillant’steamobtainedtheirfindingsby_____.A.recordingtheboys’effortinschoolB.evaluatingthemen’smentalhealthC.paringdifferentsetsofscoresD.measuringthemen’sproblemsolvingability【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。题干：Vaillant团队的调查结果是如何实现的？文中第三段介绍了研究过程：分别记录下参与者在25岁、31岁and47岁时的心理健康分数和儿时活动分数，然后进行相互比较。C选项符合文意。4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sharp”probablymeaninParagraph4?A.Quicktoreact.B.Havingathinedge.C.Clearanddefinite.D.suddenandrapid.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。题干：第四段划线的单词“sharp”是什么意思？该词后连续出现“twice”、“twotimes”和“16times”这样表示比较倍数的词组。由此可见，对比结果很明显。A反应快；B薄边缘；C清楚的，明显的；D突然的，快速的。故选C。5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.petentadultsknowmoreaboutlovethanwork.B.Emotionalhealthisessentialtoawonderfuladultlife.C.Lovebringsmorejoytopeoplethanworkdoes.D.Independenceisthekeytoone’ssuccess.【答案】B【解析】判断推理题。题干：从最后一段能推断出什么？由于最后一段比较长，适合用排除法。A项说有能力的成年人懂得的爱比工作多，文中最后提到爱和工作一样重要，排除A；B项说心理健康对成年的生活很关键，文中说童年的活动可以帮助孩子发展责任心、独立能力，自信心和技能，而这些是心理健康的基础，根据前面提到的儿时的活动对成年生活的影响，可以将心理健康和成年生活联系起来，所以B项符合文意。八Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitestoembryoniclearning（胎教），birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).Newbornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom’scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKIeindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!”call.Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughttheredbackedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Aputeranalysisblindlyparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.Itturnsoutthatbabyredbackedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神经系统的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.”Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?”KIeindorferasks.”Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”【文章大意】一项新研究发现，一些雌鸟在幼鸟出壳前就教它们唱歌，雌鸟呼唤鸟蛋的次数越多，它们的幼鸟求食的呼叫声跟雌鸟就越像；幼鸟的叫声跟雌鸟越像，它们被喂食的食物就越多。1.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“”.A.betheworstB.bethebestC.bejustasbadD.bejustasgood【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。题干：第一段划线的词组是什么意思？仔细看划线词组附近的内容：“whenitestoembryoniclearning（胎教），birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoung