上海市松江区高考二模英语试题（含听力）

英语练习卷（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写座位号和姓名。3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。I.ListeningprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Atabookingoffice. B.Atatheatre.C.Atarailwaystation. D.Atarestaurant.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:George,lookatthelongwaitingline.Iamgladyou’vebookedatable.M:Iguessitisbecausethedishesherearecheapanddelicious.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Boring. B.Annoying.C.Inspiring. D.Interesting.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingshow.IhopeyouenjoyeditasmuchasIdid.W:IhavetoadmitthatIfeltsleepyduringthetwohours.Q:Howdidthewomanliketheshow?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.ATVstation. B.Afootballmatch.C.Examscores. D.Sportsnews.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Wouldyoustayquiet?IamtryingtowatchthegameoftheChinawomen’snationalfootballteamonTV.M:So,what’sgoingon?Whatisthescore?Q:Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Todosomeexercisesinabook. B.Todonothingbutreadabook.C.Towriteareviewafterreadingabook. D.Toreviewthingsintheexercisebook.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Dowehaveanyassignmentfortheweekend?W:Nothingtodointheexercisebook,butthenovelTheKiteRunnerisremendedandwehavetowriteabookreview.Q:Whatarethestudentsassignedtodoattheweekend?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Becauseheconsidersthemsmelly.B.Becausetheytroublehisnosealot.C.Becausehedoesn’tneedpleasantsmells.D.Becausetheydon’tlookpureorpleasant.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Liliesaremyfavoriteflowers.Theylookpureandsmellpleasant.M:ButIfeelsickofthem.EverytimeIsmellthem,theykeepmesneezing.Q:Whydoesthemanfeelsickoflilies?6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Ashopassistant. B.Atabletdesigner.C.Abankclerk. D.Agiftdeliverer.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme.IreceivedthistabletasabirthdaygiftandI’dliketoreturnitsinceI’vealreadyhadone.W:Sorry,youcanonlyexchangeitforsomethingelseofequalvalue.Q:Whatisprobablythewoman?7.此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Thetwosidesofacoin. B.Aseriouseconomicsprofessor.C.Theeffectsofafinancialcrisis. D.Thedefinitionofafinancialcrisis.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Myeconomicsprofessorsaysthateverycoinhastwosides,includingafinancialcrisis.M:Youmeanafinancialcrisismaycreatesomeseriousproblemsandbringussomebenefitsaswell?Q:Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hecaughtabadcold. B.Heplannedtoworkoverseas.C.HewateredAnne’splants. D.Hetalkedheroutoftheplan.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:IsAnnestillplanningtoworkoverseas?W:No.Herhusbandthrewcoldwateronherplan.Q:WhatprobablydidAnne’shusbanddo?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Thegirldoesnotneedtogointothesupermarket.B.Itistimeforthegirltotryeatingsomethingsweet.C.Thegirloughtnottogoshoppingtogetherwithhim.D.Itisunsuitableforthegirltokeepeatingsweetfood.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Dad,whenyougotothesupermarket,buymesomemorechocolatesandcandies.M:Lookatyourteeth!Isn’tittimetokeepawayfromanythingsweet?Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hecannotfindsomanyhistorybooks.B.Hedoesnothaveenoughtimetoread.C.Hedoesnothaveaccesstothebooklist.D.Hewon’tbeabletopasshistoryexams.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:IthinkChinesepoliticalhistoryisenjoyable,butI’llneverpletethereadinglist.W:Don’tworry.You’llfindtimesomewhere.Q:Whatisthemanworriedabout?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.A.Withslimmerfigures. B.Moreactive.C.Inpoorerhealth. D.Lessopenminded.12.A.Guardtheirhouses. B.Relievethestress.C.Makethemthinner. D.Leadtheway.13.A.Exercisemore. B.Stopkeepingpets.C.Eatless. D.Buildanotheryard.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】Althoughpastresearchhassuggestedthatpetscanofferpeoplehealthbenefits,anewstudyfromNorthernEuropefindsthatpetownerstendtobelessactiveandinpoorerhealththanthosewithoutapet.However,thatdoesn’tmeanpetsarebadforus,theresearchersnote.Severalstudieshavesuggestedthatcertainpeoplebenefitfromlivingwithadogoracat—apetmayhelplowerbloodpressureandheartrate,forexample,oreasestressandtreatloneliness.Thenewfindingssuggestthatpetownersasagrouparenothealthier.Usingsurveydatafrommorethan21,000youngtomiddleagedadultsinNorthernEurope,researchersfoundthatpetownersweregenerallymorelikelytobeoverweightandtoviewtheirownhealthaspoor.Thiswaslargelybecausepetownerstendedtobemiddleaged,havelesseducationandmorehealthrisks,explainedDr.Leena,thestudy’sleadauthor.Anddespitethefactthatdogswalkalot,dogownerstypicallygetlittleexercise.Thisisquitelikelybecausetheywereoftenhomeownerswhocouldsimplyputthedogintheyard,Leenanoted.Thefactthatpetownerswereinpoorerhealthdoesnotmeanthatpetsarenotbeneficial.Petowners,accordingtotheresearchers,mayjustneedtomakemoreofaneffort—suchaswalkingandplayingwiththedoginsteadofshowingitthewaytotheyard.(Nowlistenagainplease.)Questions:11.Basedonthenewstudy,whichbestdescribesthepetownersasawhole?12.Accordingtothepassage,howcanpetsbenefittheirowners?13.Whatarepetownersadvisedtodo?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.A.Thereasonforpeople’sunusualbehavior.B.Chinesepeople’slovefortheOlympics.C.ThepopularityofastuffedpandainChina.D.People’sattentiontoathletes’performance.15.A.Peoplepreferredtheathletestothepetitions.B.Peoplelineduptobuyalimitededitionofpanda.C.Peoplewereexcitedaboutwildpandasnationwide.D.Peoplediscussedquitealotaboutthepetitions.16.A.Becauseofitslimitedstocks.B.Becauseofpeople’sinterestintheGames.C.Becauseofitsattractiontochildren.D.Becauseofpeople’sprideintheirnation.【答案】14.C15.D16.D【解析】【原文】NobodyhadexpectedashortageofstuffedpandaswhenChinawontherighttohostthe2022WinterOlympics,butafteraweekintotheGames,theChinesepublicshowedgreatinterestinthem.InthefinaldaysbeforetheBeijingWinterOlympicsbegan,itseemedasiftheChinesepublicbarelynoticedthepetitions.EvenstreetswerenotdecoratedwiththefiveringsoftheOlympics.However,soonaftertheGamesbegan,websiteswerefullofdiscussionsaboutthepetitionsandtheathletes,andanunexpectedwildbuyingbehaviorhasemerged.Mostpopularofallwasastuffedanimal—BingDwenDwen,aroundpandainasuitofice.Themainversionofthestuffedanimalsoldforabout200yuanat162officialstoresnationwide.Longlinesformedeverymorningtobuyitslimitedstocks.Theexcitementaboutthestuffedanimalwasunusual,becauseitwasnotevenalimitededition.JiangChao,a37yearoldBeijingresident,saidthatthedesignofBingDwenDwenappealedtoadultsaswellaschildren.“AmainreasonisChinesepeople’snationalpride,”hesaid.“WeareproudoftheopeningoftheWinterOlympics.Wearealsoconfidentofourculture.”(Nowlistenagainplease.)Questions:14.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?15.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedduringtheBeijingWinterOlympics?16.AccordingtoJiangChao,whywasBingDwenDwensowellreceived?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.A.Amishteenagers. B.Anonlineprogram.C.TripstoLosAngeles. D.Animaginarymunity.18.A.Theydonothavemoderntechnology. B.Theyhaveneverlefttheirhome.C.Theydonotparkcarsbythemselves. D.Theyhaveneverseentheocean.19.A.Themodernworldlikestoteachchildrentofixmachines.B.TheAmishpeoplehavenocontactwiththemodernworld.C.ThemodernworlddoesnotweletheAmishteenagers.D.TheAmishpeopletakehorsesasameansoftransportation.20.A.Disappointedandsad. B.Upsetbutexcited.C.Annoyedandunhappy. D.Puzzledbutinterested.【答案】17.B18.A19.D20.D【解析】【原文】M:HaveyouseenthatonlineprogramaboutAmishpeople?W:No.Why?M:Oh,it’sreallyamazing.It’saboutthesefiveAmishteenagers.Youknow,theAmishmunityliveinthecountrysideofAmerica,andtheydon’thavemoderntechnology.W:Nomoderntechnology?Don’ttheyhaveputers?M:No.Nothing.Theybuildtheirownhouses,andridehorsestogohereandthereintheirmunity.Theydon’thavecars,ormobilephonesoranything.W:Wow!So,whathappensintheprogram?M:Well,theprogramtakesfiveAmishteenagerstoliveinabighouseinLosAngeles,withsomeotherteenagers,whoarenotAmish.W:So,theLosAngeleskidsteachtheseAmishpeopleaboutthemodernworld?M:Yes,that’sright.TheAmishhaveneverseentelevisionsbefore,orputers,videos,washingmachines...Nothing.W:Theyhaveneverseenthem?M:No.AndtheytaketheseAmishpeopletothebeach.CanyouimaginethattheAmishhaveneverseentheoceanbefore?Theprogramisreallygood.W:Yes,itsoundsinteresting.M:TheyalsogoouttoexperienceVRgamesanddosomeshopping.W:AnddotheAmishlikewhattheysee?Dotheylikethemodernworld?M:Well,theyfinditveryconfusing.Buteverythingisveryfascinating,eventhingslikecarparks!Andthegirlslikewearingthenewclothes.W:Carparks?Dothey…(Nowlistenagainplease.)Questions:17.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?18.WhichisthemainfactorthatmakesAmishpeoplespecial?19.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?20.HowdothefiveAmishteenagersfeelinthemodernworld?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.OpeningCeremonyShowsDifferenceStillrememberwhatwasdifferenton4thFebruarythisyear?____21____(put)theOlympictorchinthemiddleofagiantsnowflakeshapedcauldron(大锅),thetwopersonssawitrisetothetopoftheNationalStadiumat2022WinterOlympicsopeningceremony.“TheOlympicspiritisnotnecessarilyshownthroughabigflame;thefireofonetorchcanbeasymbol,”saidZhangYimou,chiefdirectoroftheevent.Thegiant“snowflake”wasmadefrom91smaller____22____,eachwiththenameofaparticipatingcountryorregion.AccordingtoZhang,____23____(bine)thesmallersnowflakessymbolizespeople’sjointeffortstobuildamunitywithasharedfutureforhumanityandonlythroughsuchefforts____24____manoverethepandemic(流行病).The2008ceremonyboastedlargescaleperformancesdisplayingtraditionalChineseculture,whilethisyear’swascenteredaroundnaturalperformancesfromordinarypeople,____25____ZhangsoughttodeliverChinesestyleinadifferentway.Noneoftheperformersatthisopeningceremonyworeancientclothesaswereseen14yearsago.76participants____26____differentcountrieswalkedshouldertoshoulderthroughtheperformancezoneinaprogramthatgreetedallthepeoplearoundtheworld.Thisspecificareawassetagainstabackgroundofimages____27____(feature)pastOlympicpetitionsandtheglobalfightagainstCOVID19.Thispart____28____impressedmostviewersaimedtoshowthatordinaryanddiverseindividualscanreflecttheslogan—togetherforabrightfuture.Undertheguidanceof“greenOlympics”,theuseoffireworksthistimewasonly10percentthatofthe2008Games.Moreover,thecreativeapproach____29____onlyasingletorchwasplacedinsidethecauldronhighlightedChina’slowcarbonandenvironmentalprotectionefforts.Sofar,thetotalamountofcarbonemitted____30____(find)onlyone5,000thofthatatthe2008SummerGames.【答案】21.Putting##Havingput22.ones23.bining##tobine24.can##will##may##could##would##might25.because##since##as##for26.from27.featuring28.that##which29.that30.hasbeenfound【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2022年冬奥会开幕式中奥运火炬的设计及其深刻寓意。【21题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在2022年冬奥会开幕式上，两人将奥运火炬放在巨大的雪花状火炬大锅中间，并亲眼目睹了圣火上升到国家体育场的顶部。分析句子结构，saw为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，thetwopersons和put为主谓关系，需填写现在分词形式，则答案可为Putting。又因非谓语动作put发生早于谓语saw，所以答案也可以填写Havingput。故答案填Putting或者Havingput。【22题详解】考查代词。句意：巨大的“雪花”由91个较小的“雪花”组成，每个“雪花”上都有一个参赛国家或地区的名字。由句意可知，空处指的是“雪花”，且空处前有数词91修饰，则应该表示复数的“雪花”，因此使用代词ones代指上文提到的“snowflake”的复数形式。故填ones。【23题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：张艺谋表示，将小雪花结合起来，象征着人类携手构建人类命运共同体，只有这样，人类才能战胜疫情。分析句子结构，谓语动词为symbolizes，为第三人称单数形式，主语为_____thesmallersnowflakes，空中是主语，可以用动名词或者不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数，则空处填写非谓语动名词形式bining或者tobine。故填bing或者tobine。【24题详解】考查情态动词。句意：张艺谋表示，将小雪花结合起来，象征着人类携手构建人类命运共同体，只有这样，人类才能/会战胜疫情。分析句子结构，and引导的并列句中，only置于句首修饰方式状语throughsuchefforts，则句子用部分倒装，即提前助动词或情态动词。由句意可知，空处可填写can或will或may或could或would或might来补全句意。故答案填写can或will或may或could或would或might。【25题详解】考查状语从句。句意：2008年的颁奖典礼亮点在于展示中国传统文化的大型表演，而今年的颁奖典礼则以普通人的自然表演为中心，因为张艺谋想要尝试用不同的方式展现中国风格。分析句意，空处及之后从逻辑上是在解释上句的原因，构成因果关系，所以应该填写引导原因状语从句的连词because或since或as或for。故答案填写because或since或as或for。【26题详解】考查介词。句意：来自不同国家的76名选手肩并肩走过表演区，向全世界人民致意。分析句子结构，主语为“76participants____differentcountries”，其中，“76participants”与“differentcountries”之间的逻辑关系是：76名选手来自于不同国家。介词from表示“来自于”。故填from。【27题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一特定区域的背景是往届奥运会比赛和全球抗击新冠疫情的图片。分析句子结构，谓语动词为wassetagainst，空处需填写非谓语动词作定语，images和feature之间为主谓关系，则需填写现在分词。故填featuring。【28题详解】考查定语从句。句意：最让观众感到印象深刻的这一部分是为了展示平凡而多元的个体也能体现出“共同创造美好未来”的奥运口号。分析句子可知，空处为修饰thispart的定语从句，先行词thispart指代物，在定语从句中作主语，可以填写that或者which在句子中作主语。故答案填写that或which。【29题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：此外，这个只在奥运火炬中放置一个火炬的创意方式突出了中国在低碳和环境保护方面的努力。分析句子结构，主语为thecreativeapproach，谓语为highlighted，由句意可知，“____onlyasingletorchwasplacedinsidethecauldron”为从句，且从句是对于thecreativeapproach的解释说明，从句不缺成分，语义完整，说明是同位语从句。引导同位语从句的引导词中，that不承担句子成份，没有含义，符合题意。故填that。【30题详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，碳排放总量仅为2008年夏季奥运会的5000分之一。分析句子，时间状语sofar标志现在完成时的时态，主语thetotalamountofcarbon表单数，且与find之间为动宾关系，所以谓语动词要用第三人称的现在完成被动。故填hasbeenfound。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.speciesB.informedC.awarenessD.indicateE.additionalFfiguresG.advancedH.stickingI.stateJ.relianceK.basedSensorsforHouseplantsOverthepasttwoyearsJasminMoeller,a38yearoldinGermany,hasbeenbuyingmorehouseplants,makingherfeelmorefortable.Actually,thefactthatpeoplehavespentmuchmoretime___31___athomehasstartedatrendtobringmorenatureinside.IntheUK,thelatest___32___showthat2021houseplantsaleswere29%higherthanin2020.Itisasimilarpictureinothercountries,withsalesofhouseplantsintheUSrisingby18%lastyear,forinstance.Yetitisonethingtobuyahouseplantandquiteanothertosuccessfullylookafterit.Luckily,some___33___sensorsforindoorplantsmayhelpthosewithoutprofessionalskillsingardening.Thesedevices,usuallysolarpoweredandconnectedwirelesslytoauser’ssmartphone,shouldbeinsertedintothesoilnexttotheplants.Then,theyshowinrealtimethe___34___oftheplants.AsensormadebyGermanfirmGreensenshasapproximately5000plant___35___onitsappdatabase.Likeatrafficlightsystem,theappusesred,yellowandgreenfacesto___36___howplantsaredoing.Forexample,redrevealsthattheplantisdying,whilegreenmeansit’sinperfectcondition.Besides,usersareregularly___37___ofwhattheyshoulddowithplants.AnotherappreleasedbyGermanbusinessFytatellsusershowtheirplantsarebyanalyzingtheuploadedpicturesoftheplants.Italsoincludes___38___contentotherappsrarelyoffer,suchasculturalhistoryofsomeplants,souserscanlearnmoreabouttheirplants.However,BotanistSilverSpenceisworriedthat___39___onthesesensorsmayaffectusers’gardeningskillsnegatively.AndDavidAnglovremendsthatamateurstrytheirbesttoestablishtheirown____40____ofwhataplantneedsinvarioussituationsthroughcarefulobservation.BackinGermany,MsMoellersayssheissurethatthesensorsarehelpingherimprovegardeningskills.【答案】31.H32.F33.G34.I35.A36.D37.B38.E39.J40.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在英国，最新数据显示，2021年室内植物销售额比2020年高出29%。其他国家也有类似的情况，例如，去年美国室内植物的销量增长了18%。幸运的是，一些室内植物的先进传感器可以帮助那些没有专业园艺技能的人。这些设备通常由太阳能供电，并与用户的智能手机无线连接，应该插入植物旁边的土壤中。然后，它们会实时显示植物的状态。【31题详解】考查动词。句意：事实上，人们待在家里的时间越来越多，这已经开始形成一种趋势，把更多的大自然带进室内。结合后文“athome”以及句意表示“待在家”应用stickathome，上文为短语spendtimedoingsth.。故填sticking。故选H。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：在英国，最新数据显示，2021年室内植物销售额比2020年高出29%。根据后文“showthat2021houseplantsaleswere29%higherthanin2020”以及句意“数据”可知应填复数名词figures。故填figures。故选F。【33题详解】考查形容词。句意：幸运的是，一些室内植物的先进传感器可以帮助那些没有专业园艺技能的人。根据后文“sensorsforindoorplantsmayhelpthosewithoutprofessionalskillsingardening”以及句意“先进的”可知应填形容词advanced，作定语。故填advanced。故选G。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：然后，它们会实时显示植物的状态。根据后文“oftheplants”以及句意“状态”可知应填名词state，故填state。故选I。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：德国Greensens公司制造的传感器的应用程序数据库中有大约5000种植物。根据上文“approximately5000plant”以及句意可知应填名词species，作宾语。故填species。故选A。【36题详解】考查动词。句意：就像交通灯系统一样，该应用程序使用红色、黄色和绿色的面孔来显示植物的状况。例如，红色表明植物正在死亡，而绿色意味着它处于完美状态。根据后文“howplantsaredoing”以及句意“显示”可知应填动词indicate，此处为不定式。故填indicate。故选D。【37题详解】考查动词。句意：此外，用户还经常被告知他们应该如何处理植物。根据后文“ofwhattheyshoulddowithplants”以及句意“告知”可知应填动词inform，此处为一般现在时的被动语态。故填informed。故选B。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：它还包括其他应用程序很少提供的额外内容，比如一些植物的文化历史，这样用户就可以更多地了解他们的植物。根据后文“contentotherappsrarelyoffer”以及句意“额外”可知应填形容词additional，作定语。故填additional。故选E。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，植物学家SilverSpence担心，依赖这些传感器可能会对用户的园艺技能产生负面影响。根据后文“onthesesensorsmayaffectusers’gardeningskillsnegatively”以及句意“依赖”可知应填名词reliance，作主语。故填reliance。故选J。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：大卫·安格洛夫建议业余爱好者通过仔细观察，尽最大努力建立自己的意识，了解植物在各种情况下需要什么。根据后文“ofwhataplantneeds”以及句意“意识”可知应填名词，作宾语，不可数。故填awareness。故选C。III.ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.SciencemayneverknowthesecretstomemoriesoftheCaliforniaseahare,afootlongseasnail.Butaresearchteamclaimtohavemadeprogressin___41___thesimplestkindofmemoryamollusk(软体动物)mightform,and,withaswiftinjection,managedto___42___oneseasnail’smemorytoanother.Thekindsofmemoriesthatstartadefensivereactioninthesnailsareencodednotinthe___43___betweenbraincellsbutinRNAmolecules(分子),accordingtoDavidGlanzman,abiologistatUCLA.To___44___theidea,GlanzmanimplantedwiresintothetailsofCaliforniaseaharesandgavethemaseriesofelectricshocks.Theproceduremadetheanimalsso___45___thatwhentheyweretouched,theycontractedpartsoftheirbodiesintensely.Glanzmanparesthereactiontobeingnervousafteranearthquake:thememoryoftheeventcausesa(n)___46___responsetoanyloudnoise.Aftersensitizingtheseasnails,GlanzmantookRNAoutfromthemand___47___itintonewseasnailstoseewhatwouldhappen.Hethenfoundthenewonesare___48___sensitized,suggestingthe“memory”oftheelectricalshockshadbeentransplanted.AccordingtoGlanzmanandhisresearchteam,theexperimentshowsthat___49___partsofthememorytraceareheldinRNA,ratherthanintheconnectivityofbraincells.However,theworkhasnotyetfoundwidespread____50____.“Furtherworkneedstobecarriedouttodeterminewhetherthesephenomenaareobviousandwhatisthe____51____ofsuchphenomena,”saidProfVannatCardiffUniversity.“Whileaseasnailisafantasticmodel,wemustbevery____52____indrawingparisonstohumanmemoryprocesses,whicharemuchmoreplex.”TomásRyanatTrinityCollegeDublin,is____53____.“Thisworktakesusdownaninterestingroad,butIhavedoubtaboutitandIdon’tthinkthey’vetransplantedamemory,”hesaid.“Thisworktellsmethatmaybethemostbasicbehavioralresponsesinvolvesomekindofchangeintheanimal.”____54____,Ryanaddedthatsuchcreativethinkingaboutmemorywasingreatneed:“Inafieldfullofacceptancebutlacking____55____,weneedasmanynewideasaspossible.”41.A.deleting B.disturbing C.refreshing D.understanding42.A.transfer B.adjust C.pare D.relate43.A.connections B.conflicts C.secrets D.distances44.A.promote B.test C.eliminate D.impose45.A.sensitive B.adaptable C.strong D.relaxed46.A.necessary B.peaceful C.unconscious D.impossible47.A.plunged B.invested C.translated D.injected48.A.crazily B.dangerously C.scarcely D.equally49.A.optional B.essential C.memorial D.virtual50.A.association B.recognition C.innovation D.publication51.A.depth B.application C.basis D.description52.A.imaginative B.careful C.ambitious D.speedy53.A.supported B.persuaded C.unappreciated D.unconvinced54.A.Nevertheless B.Eventually C.Forexample D.Asaresult55.A.expression B.likelihood C.suspicion D.disturbance【答案】41.D42.A43.A44.B45.A46.C47.D48.D49.B50.B51.C52.B53.D54.A55.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A.deleting删除；B.disturbing打扰；C.refreshing使恢复精神；D.understanding理解。由上文的“SciencemayneverknowthesecretstomemoriesoftheCaliforniaseahare”可知，句子表示“一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展”，故选D。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一个研究小组声称，在理解软体动物可能形成的最简单的记忆方面取得了进展，并且通过快速注射，成功地将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上。A.transfer转移；B.adjust调整；C.pare比较；D.relate使有联系。由“oneseasnail’smemorytoanother”可知，是将一只海螺的记忆转移到另一只海螺身上，故选A。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据加州大学洛杉矶分校的生物学家大卫·格兰兹曼的说法，在蜗牛中启动防御反应的那种记忆不是编码在脑细胞之间的连接中，而是编码在RNA分子中。A.connections连接；B.conflicts矛盾；C.secrets秘密；D.distances距离。由“betweenbraincells”和第9空后的“partsofthememorytraceareheldinRNA,ratherthanintheconnectivityofbraincells”可知，此处是指脑细胞之间的连接，故选A。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系列电击。A.promote促进；B.test测试；C.eliminate消除；D.impose实施。由后文的“GlanzmanimplantedwiresintothetailsofCaliforniaseaharesandgavethemaseriesofelectricshocks”可知，为了验证这一想法，格兰兹曼将电线植入加州海兔的尾巴，并对它们进行一系列电击，故选B。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个过程使这些动物非常敏感，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈地收缩身体的某些部位。A.sensitive敏感的；B.adaptable能适应的；C.strong强大的；D.relaxed放松的。由后文的“whentheyweretouched,theycontractedpartsoftheirbodiesintensely”可知，当它们被触摸时，它们会强烈地收缩身体的某些部位，说明它们很敏感，故选A。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼将这种反应比作地震后的紧张：对事件的记忆会导致对任何巨大噪音的无意识反应。A.necessary需要的；B.peaceful和平的；C.unconscious无意识的；D.impossible不可能的。由上文的“thememoryoftheeventcauses”和下文的“responsetoanyloudnoise”可知，对事件的记忆会导致对任何巨大噪音的无意识反应，故选C。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在对海螺进行敏感处理后，Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA，并将其注射到新的海螺中，看看会发生什么。A.plunged猛推；B.invested投资；C.translated翻译；D.injected注射。由上文的“GlanzmantookRNAoutfromthem”和下文的“itintonewseasnailstoseewhatwouldhappen”可知，Glanzman从海螺中取出RNA，并将其注射到新的海螺中，故选D。【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他发现新的海螺同样敏感，这表明电击的“记忆”被移植了。A.crazily疯狂地；B.dangerously危险地；C.scarcely几乎不；D.equally平等地。由下文的“the“memory”oftheelectricalshockshadbeentransplanted”和上文的“Theproceduremadetheanimalsso__5__thatwhentheyweretouched,theycontractedpartsoftheirbodiesintensely”可知，他发现新的海螺同样敏感，故选D。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：格兰兹曼和他的研究团队表示，该实验表明，记忆痕迹的关键部分保存在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中。A.optional可选择的；B.essential必要的；C.memorial纪念的；D.virtual虚拟的。由后文的“partsofthememorytraceareheldinRNA,ratherthanintheconnectivityofbraincells”可知，该实验表明，记忆痕迹的关键部分保存在RNA中，而不是脑细胞的连接中，故选B。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这项工作尚未得到广泛认可。A.association协会；B.recognition认可；C.innovation创新；D.publication出版。由后文的“Furtherworkneedstobecarriedout”可知，这项工作尚未得到广泛认可，故选B。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要进行进一步的研究，以确定这些现象是否明显，以及这些现象的基础是什么。A.depth深度；B.application应用；C.basis基础；D.description描述。由后文的“ofsuchphenomena”可知，此处表示“这些现象的基础是什么”，故选C。【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然海蜗牛是一个神奇的模型，但我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过程进行比较，因为人类的记忆过程要复杂得多。A.imaginative富有想象力的；B.careful仔细的；C.ambitious雄心勃勃的；D.speedy快速的。由后文的“drawingparisonstohumanmemoryprocesses,whicharemuchmoreplex”可知，我们必须非常小心地将其与人类的记忆过程进行比较，故选B。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：都柏林三一学院的托马斯·瑞恩对此表示怀疑。A.supported被支持的；B.persuaded被说服的；C.unappreciated未被欣赏的；D.unconvinced怀疑的。由下文的“Ihavedoubtaboutit”可知，此处表示他对此是怀疑的，故选D。【54题详解】考查副词词义和固定短语辨析。句意：然而，瑞安补充说，这种关于记忆的创造性思维是非常需要的。A.Nevertheless然而；B.Eventually最后；C.Forexample例如；D.Asaresult结果。由下文的“Ryanaddedthatsuchcreativethinkingaboutmemorywasingreatneed”和上文的“Ihavedoubtaboutit”可知，前后是转折关系，空格处是“然而”，故选A。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域，我们需要尽可能多的新想法。A.expression表情；B.likelihood可能性；C.suspicion怀疑；D.disturbance干扰。由上文的“afieldfullofacceptance”可知，此处表示“一个充满接受但缺乏怀疑的领域”，故选C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)HurlenPatanounzippedherjacket,pulledoutherphone,andmadeacall,“Bringhelp!”Thatmorning,KenScottbumpedintohisfriendRebeccaHurlenPatanoinSilverMountainResort.Theynoticedthatthe6200footWardnerPeak,hometothechallengingexpertlevelroute,wasnowopen.Ithadbeenclosedallseasonoverconcernsaboutanavalanche,suddenfallofamassofsnow.“Let’sgoforit!”HurlenPatanoproposed.Almostimmediatelytheytookofffromthatpeak,thesnowbeneathgaveway.Inamillisecond,“Avalanche!”sheyelledtoScott.HurlenPatanohadendeduppartiallyburiedandmanagedtopullherselfout.Shelookeduphilltowhereshe’dlastseenScottandshoutedhisname.Noresponse.Thenshemadethecall.Wordspreadquickly,andsoonprofessionalrescuersandskierswereheadingtotheavalanchesitewithtools.Likeamander,HurlenPatanostayedcalmandpointedoutpossibleplaces.Rescuersformedalinealongtheslope,andpositionedtheirtenfootpolesdo