第08讲Unit2单词词组短语知识点讲解（原卷版）

第08讲Unit2单词词组短语知识点讲解1．了解本单元的单词和词组等重要语言点。2．可以根据本节课的内容来完成一些习题。1.persuadevt.劝说；说服；使相信【典型例句】Thephraseinmyopiniontellsusthatthepassageislikelymeanttopersuade.(教材典句)短语inmyopinion告诉我们这篇文章有可能是想说服(人们)。(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethemtokeepsmiling.我知道商店的工作人员会有多难过,但我试图说服他们继续微笑。Manycustomersarepersuadedintobuyingsomethingtheydon’tneed.很多顾客被说服买了他们并不需要的东西。Ipersuadedmyfatheroutofsmoking.我劝服了我父亲戒烟。IntheendIpersuadedhimofitstruth.最终,我使他相信它是真的。Advertisementspersuadeusthatnewerisbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.广告使我们相信越新越好，而且使我们相信拥有最新的产品我们就会更幸福。Itriedtopersuadehimnottogotothecinema,buthedidn'tlistentome.我试图说服他不要去看电影，但是他不听我的劝告。[知识拓展]persuadesb.todosth.＝persuadeodoingsth.说服某人做某事persuadesb.nottodosth.＝persuadesb.outof(doing)sth.说服某人不做某事persuadesb.ofsth./persuadesb.that...使某人相信……[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Canyoupersuadeher_______wearingthatdress?②Hepersuadedmeout________lendinghimallmysavings.③Hepersuadedher________(go)toschool,eventhoughshedidnotwantto.

④我们说服了他不把钱借给那个人。Wehismoneytothatman.⑤我将说服他把药吃下去。Ishall．2.switchvt.转换；交换vt.&vi.(使)改变；转变n．开关；转换器；改变【典型例句】HaveyoueverforgottentoswitchofftheTVorputer?(教材典句)你是否曾忘记关电视或电脑?(2020·天津高考)Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.他拿出了一个特殊的设备,指向这个嫌疑犯,并打开了它。Wehaveswitchedovertomobilebanking.我们已经改用手机银行了。Heswitchedtheconversationfromonesubjecttoanother.他把谈话从一个话题转到另一个话题。Theboyoftenswitchesoffinclasssohenevergetsgoodmarksinexams.那个男孩上课经常不听讲,所以从来没在考试中取得过好成绩。Forsomereason,whencertainshowsswitchedintoamercial,aloudnoisewouldsoundforafewseconds.出于某种原因，当某些电视节目变成广告的时候，它就会发出巨大的噪声，而且要持续几秒钟。Whennotinaroom,you'dbetterswitchoffallthelightsandthefan.当你不在室内时，最好关掉所有的灯和那台电扇。Don'thangup,please.I'llswitchthroughtheextensiontelephoneforyou.请别挂断电话。我这就给你接通分机。用法详解(1)switchoff关上（电灯、电视等）switchon打开（电灯、电视等）switchfrom...to...从……转变为……switchthrough(把电话）接到（某分机）,接过来(2)makeaswitch进行改变同是“开”“关”，动词各异：(1)开/关（门、窗、盒子等）open/close/shut(thedoor/window/box...)(2)开/关（收音机、电灯等）switchon/off(theradio/light...)开/关（收音机、电灯、水、煤气等）turnon/off(theradio/light/water/gas...)[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Sheswitchedthelampbecauseitwasdark.②Hewassostubbornthatherefusedtomakeswitch.③我们问他们是否愿意和我们调换位置。Weaskedthemiftheywould．④你出门前要把电视关掉。beforeyougoout.⑤遥控器让你在不同的电视频道之间轻松地转换。TheremotecontrolallowsyoubetweenTVchannels.3.preferencen.爱好；偏爱Yourhomewillalsolearnyourdailyroutineandpreferences,soeverythingwillbereadyforyouwhenyougethomeeachevening.你未来的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好，所以当你每天晚上回家时，一切都会为你准备好。Iamnotsurprisedatallthatshechosethewhiteskirt.Shealwayshasapreferenceforwhite.她选择白裙子我一点儿也不感到意外。她一直偏好白色。Manypeopleexpressedastrongpreferencefortheoriginalplan.许多人强烈表示喜欢原计划。Shewaschoseninpreferencetohersister.她被选中了，而不是她妹妹。用法详解(1)preferdoingsth.宁愿做某事prefertodosth.宁愿做某事(2)prefersb.todosth.宁愿某人做某事(3)prefersth.tosth./preferdoing...todoing...喜欢（做）……而不喜欢......(帮）(4)prefertodo...ratherthando...(=woulddo...ratherthando...=wouldratherdo...thando...)宁愿做……而不愿做……[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Inconsideringpeopleforthejob,wegive(prefer)tothosewithsomeexperience.②Shehasapreferenceblue,whileIlikeredbetter.③她愿意学小提琴而不是钢琴。Shechosetolearntheviolin．4.instantn．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的YourlightswilleontheinstantyouenterthedooralongwithyourfavouritemusicorTVprogrammes,andyouwillfindyourdinneralreadypreparedforyou.你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。Kahootsoftwarecanprovidestudentswithinstantfeedback(反馈）,includingreportsabouttheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Kahoot软件可以为学生提供即时反馈，包括关于他们的强项和弱势的报告。Thestudentsdashedoutoftheclassroomthesecondthebellrang.铃声一响,学生们都跑出了教室。theinstant/themoment/theminute...具有连词功能，引导状语从句，意为“一......就......”。副词instantly,immediately,directly也有此用法。Theycarriedoutthevolunteeractivityimmediatelytheyarrivedthere.他们一到达那里就从事志愿活动。[知识拓展](1)n.[C]片刻，瞬间foraninstant暂时，一时，一瞬间inaninstant立即，马上theinstant(that)…………就……（充当连词）I'llbebackinaninstant.我马上就回来。(2)adj.立即的；立刻的；即食的；方便的instantnoodles方便面instantcoffee速溶咖啡[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换①JustforinstantIthoughthewasgoingtorefuse.②instantyouturniton,you'llgetboilingwaterfromourinstantboilingwatertap.③Immediately,acarpulledoverandayoungwomanjumpedout.→,acarpulledoverandayoungwomanjumpedout.5mandn.指令；命令；控制vt.命令；控制【典型例句】Allcontrolswillrespondtovoicemands.(教材典句)所有的控制都对那些语音指令做出回应。(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Firstofall,havinglivedinChinaforsixteenyearsandhavinglearntEnglishsinceIwasachild,IhaveagoodmandofEnglishandChinese,whichisbeneficialforintroducingChinesepaintings.首先,我在中国生活了16年,从小就学习英语,所以我对英语和汉语都有很好的掌握,这就有益于介绍中国绘画。Thegeneralmandedhismentoattackthecity.将军下令让部下攻城。Hemandedthatthetroops(should)crosstheriver.他命令部队渡河。【巧学助记】语境巧记mandHismothermandedhimtoworkhardtolearnacertainnumberofvocabularies.NowhehashadagoodmandofFrench.Sohemandstheadmirationofhisfriends.为了掌握一定的词汇量,他妈妈命令他要努力学习。现在他已经精通法语,因此也博得了他朋友的赞赏。[知识拓展]havea...mandofsth.精通/控制某事mandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事beunderthemandofsb=beunderone’smand由某人指挥/控制mand+that从句（从句should+V原，should可省）命令做……表示请求、命令、建议、要求等词后面跟从句时，从句谓语用(should＋)do/bedone，以下动词具有相同的用法。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Thecaptainmandedhismen(pack)upandmarchon.②Hemandedthatallthegates(shut).③目前，警察控制了这里的形势。Atpresent,thepolicearethesituationhere.④这个领导命令他们立刻离开。①Theleadergaveamandthat.②Theleadermandedthatthey.③Theleadermandedthem.6.relevantadj.有关的；有意义的【典型例句】Idon'tthinkwhathesaidisrelevanttothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.我认为他的发言和我们正在讨论的话题无关，他没有抓住要领。Asforyoursecondquestion,wehavenoticedrelevantreports.关于你的第二个问题，我们已经注意到了有关报道。Theworldonthelandseemstobeirrelevanttothem.岸上的世界，仿佛已经与他们无关。Thedocumentsarelargelyirrelevanttothepresentinvestigation.这些文件与目前进行的调查基本上不相干。Donotshowimpatienceifyoufeeltheinterviewerisrepeatingthingsoraskingquestionsthathavenorelevancetothematterinhand.假如你觉得对你进行面试的人总是在重复或问一些与目前的事情无关的问题，你别显示不耐烦。【重点用法】irrelevantadj.无关的，不切题的berelevantto与……有关relevancen.关联；切题have(no)relevanceto和……(无)有关与……有关的其他表达形式还有：berelatedto；beconnectedwith等。[即学即练]——完成句子①这一点至关重要，我们还是接着谈吧。Thispointandwehadbettermoveon.②她的长相跟她能否当个好老师无关。Herappearancewhethershecanbeagoodteacher.3.这部电影与课堂上正在讨论的事情有关。①Thefilmwhatisbeingdiscussedinclass.(relevant)②Thefilmwhatisbeingdiscussedinclass.(relevance)③Thefilmwhatisbeingdiscussedinclass.(relate)7.inthissense(in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲Inthissense,thehomeoftomorrowisalreadythehomeoftoday.从这个意义上说，明天的家已经是今天的家了。【典型例句】Thissentencejustdoesn’tmakesense,nomatterhowyoureadit.无论你怎样读这个句子,它还是讲不通。[知识拓展]makesense讲得通；有意义makenosense讲不通；没有意义inasense在某种意义上；在某种程度上innosense决不There’sno/littlesenseindoingsth.做某事没有意义。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子(1)makessensetoworkontheproblembeforeitgetsoutofcontrol.(2)Thereisnosensein(force)yourselftogetwhatyoudon'twant.(3)Whatyousayistrueinsense.④这种事情决不能发生在我们学校。Innosensetohappeninourschool.⑤从这个意义上讲它也有利于我们的健康。itisalsobeneficialtoourhealth.8.distantadj.遥远的;远处的;疏远的;心不在焉的派生:distancen.距离;间距【典型例句】(2019·天津高考)Tomanypeople,technologymeansputers,handhelddevices,orvehiclesthattraveltodistantplanets.对许多人来说,技术就是电脑,便携式设备或登上遥远星球的运输工具。Thebookshouldbeheldaboutsixinchesdistantfromtheeyes.应当把书保持在离眼睛大约6英寸处。Ifit’sashortdistance,walkingisthebestoption.如果是短途出行,走路是最好的选择。Theycanseetheancientruinsatadistanceof20miles.他们在20英里外就可以看到这一古代遗迹。Icouldenjoytheviewofsnowymountainsfartherinthedistance.我可以欣赏到远处白雪皑皑的群山。Herfatheradvisedhertokeepherdistancefromthatfellow.她父亲劝她与那家伙保持距离。Itwasdifficulttogettoknowherbecauseshealwayskepteveryoneatadistance.要了解她很难，因为她总是对每个人都很冷淡。用法详解distantadj.遥远的；远处的；久远的bedistantfrom...离......远distancen.距离；远方；遥远；疏远v.不介入，与……疏远inthedistance在远方；在远处atadistanceof在……远的地方at/fromadistance隔一段距离；从远处keepsb.atadistance对某人冷淡；与某人疏远[即学即练](1)Thetimewespenttogetherisnowa(distance)memory.(2)Asweapproached，wecouldseethelighthousewinking.随着我们靠近，我们可以看见在远处灯塔一闪一闪地发光。(3)Asthefamouspaintersays，thepicturelooksbetter.正如那位著名的画家所说，隔一段距离看这幅画会更好些。(4)It’sbetterforyouto.你最好和他疏远。10.inaddition另外;此外;也;还【典型例句】Inaddition,peoplewithconfirmedcasesmustgettreatmentunderquarantineassoonaspossible.(时事典句)此外,确诊病例要尽快隔离治疗。Inadditiontoreadingforknowledge,wereadforfunandinspiration.(话题典句)我们读书除了为获取知识外,还为了获得乐趣与灵感。Iloveroses,andIthinktheymakeabeautifuladditiontoanygarden.我喜欢玫瑰,我认为它们可以给任何一个花园增添姿色。归纳拓展addvt.&vi.增加；添加；补充说(1)addupsth./addsth.up把……加起来(2)addupto加起来等于；总计(3)addto增加；增添(4)addsth.tosth.把……加到/进……里(5)addthat...补充说......词汇联想additionaladj.附加的；另外的；额外的additionallyadv.额外地；除此之外10.availableadj.可获得的;可购得的;(人)有空的派生availabilityn.可用/可得到的人或物【典型例句】Manyofthesenewinnovationsarealreadyavailableandbeingusedinsomehomes.(教材典句)这些新的发明创造中有很多已经可以买到,并且在一些家庭中正在被使用。(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Thetrend,then,wastowardthe“pennypaper”—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.当时的趋势是朝着“一便士报纸”的方向发展,其目的是让广大普通民众可以买到报纸。Therewillbefourbasketballcourtsavailableforourusewithoneteacherwatchingovereachgame.将有四个篮球场供我们使用,每场比赛都有一名老师监管。TheWindows7ExtendedSecurityUpdateswillbeavailableuntil2023forbusinessesofallsizes.(时事典句)所有规模的企业直到2023年都可以使用Windows7扩展安全更新。归纳拓展beavailableforsth.对......有用beavailabletodosth.有空做某事[即学即练]1.Mr.Smith________________________themeetingonThursday.史密斯先生没有时间参加星期四的会议。2.________________________thisafternoon?今天下午她有空吗?3.I'mafraid____________________helpwiththeshowonthe19th.恐怕19号的演出我没空帮忙。4.____________________________,becauseitisbeingrepaired.我的自行车现在不能用，因为它正在修理。1．Youpreferhealthyfood________fastfood.2．Itis________(believe)thatsmokingdoesharmtoourhealth.3．Shewasthefirstwoman___________(win)thegoldmedal