单元综合测试（学生版）-高一英语讲义（译林版2020）-2

Unit3TheworldOnline单元综合测试（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2021·上海·南洋中学高一阶段练习）Happinesscanbedescribedasapositivemoodandapleasantstateofmind.Accordingtorecentpolls(民意调查),sixtytoseventypercentofAmericansconsiderthemselvestobemoderatelyhappyandoneintwentypersonsfeelsveryunhappy.Psychologistshavebeenstudyingthefactorsthatcontributetohappiness.Itisnotpredictable,norisapersoninanapparentlyidealsituationnecessarilyhappy.Theidealsituationmayhavelittletodowithhisactualfeelings.Agoodeducationandineareusuallyconsiderednecessaryforhappiness.Thoughbothmaycontribute,theyareonlychieffactorsifthepersonisseriouslyundereducatedoractuallysufferingfromlackofphysicalneeds.Thericharenotlikelytobehappierthanthemiddleinegrouporeventhosewithverylowines.Peoplewithcollegeeducationsarcsomewhathappierthanthosewhodidnotgraduatefromhighschool,anditisbelievedthatthisismainlybecausetheyhavemoreopportunitiestocontroltheirlives.Yetpeoplewithahighineandacollegeeducationmaybelesshappythanthosewiththesameineandnocollegeeducation.Poorhealthdoesnotruleouthappinessexceptfortheseverelydisabledorthoseinpain.Learningtocopewithahealthproblemcancontributetohappiness.Thosewhohavegoodrelationshipwithotherfamilymembersarehappierthanthosewholivealone.Lovehasahighercorrelationwithhappinessthananyotherfactors.Itshouldbenotedthatpeoplequicklygetusedtowhattheyhave,andtheyarehappiestwhentheyfeeltheyareincreasingtheirlevelnomatterwhereitstandsatagiventime.Childrenwhoseparentswherehappilymarriedhavehappierchildhoods,butarenotnecessarilyhappieradult.Thebestformula(准则)forhappinessistobeabletodevelopAQ(AdversityQuotientthatcanbeofgreatbenefitwhenrunningintotrouble),tohaveapersonalinvolvementandmitment,andtodevelopselfconfidenceandselfesteem.1．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A．happinessisneitherpredictablenorapparent.B．apersoninanapparentlyidealsituationmustbehappyC．thericharenotlikelytobehappierthanthemiddleinegroup.D．happinessisnotnecessarilyconnectedtoone’ssituationinsociety.2．Accordingtothearticle,happinessisgreatlydependentupon______.A．ahappychildhoodinwhichonecandowhateverhelikes.B．greatwealthwithwhichonecanbuyanything.C．afeelingthatconditionsarebeingforthebetter.D．acollegedegreethatcanhelponeachievegreatsuccess.3．Thebesttitleofthispassagemaybe______.A．WhatDoesHappinessLieinB．HappinessandUnhappinessC．DifferentKindsofHappinessD．CausesofHappinessandUnhappinessB（2022·江苏南通·高一阶段练习）Despiteearningmorethan$100,000inhouseholdine,manypeoplefeelthattheyarelivingmonthtomonthandthatsuddenmedicalemergencycouldeasilymovethemfromtheuppermiddleclasstolowineearners.Thisfeeling,despitetheselevelsofine,seemsabitunbelievable.Let’stakeadeeperlookatthephenomenon.Evenintoday’stougheconomy,forthosewithsixfigureinescreditiseasytoeby.Creditpaniesmayhavecutbackofferingstothoseinlowerinebracketsduetotherecentcreditreforms,butthereseemstobelittleornoeffectonhighineearners.Theirbeingabletogetcreditwithoutdifficultygivesthemafalsesenseofsecuritythatmakesthemspendwaymorethantheirinescanafford.That’swhytheyareincreditcarddebtfasterthanaverage.Somehigherineprofessionalsfeelliketheyaremakinglotsofmoneynow,andbelievethattheywillcontinuetomakebigmoney.Thismayreducetheirfeelingthattheyneedtowatchtheirmoneycarefullynow.Handinhandwiththat,manyofthemprobablybelievethattheyaremakingmoremoneythantheyreallyare—orsaidanotherway,themoneytheymakewillgofartherthanitreallydoes.Meanwhile,manyyoungprofessionalswhoareearninggoodinesdon’tefromparticularlyadvantagedbackgrounds,andtheirreferencepointmaybethattheyaremakingtwice(ormore)thantheirparentswere—sotheyspendlikethataswell.Theydon’ttakeaccountoftheeffectofinflation,whichmeansthatthecostoflivingismuchhigherthanthatintheirparents’generation.Further,themoreyouearn,themoreyoupayintax.Ratherthanfocusingonaftertaxines,manyhighineearnersonlylookatthetoplinefigures.A$100,000inebeforetaxisonlyabout$70,000aftertax.4．Whatisthefirstparagraphintendedto?A．Introducetheunderstandingofhighine. B．Confirmastrangephenomenon.C．Stresstheinconveniencebroughtbyillnesses. D．Leadtothetopicoffeelingpoor.5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Lackofrealsecurity. B．Easyaccesstocredit.C．Thesuccessfulcreditreforms D．Theiradvantagedbackgrounds.6．Whydosomeprofessionalsspendbeyondtheirine?A．Theirmoneygoesfartherthanitreallydoes. B．Theyfailtomakemoremoneylikebefore.C．Theymisunderstandtheirines. D．Theyareoftenincreditcarddebt.7．Whatdoestheauthorintendtoremindyoungprofessionalsaboutintheend?A．Theyshouldworkhardertopaymoretaxes.B．Theyneedtoturntotheirparentsforhelp.C．Theyshouldkeeptheirmindwhenfacedwithpoverty.D．Theyneedtolookatthepresentratherthanlookback.C（2022·江苏·盐城市伍佑中学高一阶段练习）Oneofthemostfirmlyestablishedideaofmanlinessisthatarealmandoesn’tcry.Althoughhemightshedatearatafuneral,heisexpectedtoquicklyregaincontrol.Sobbingopenlyisforgirls.Onestudyfoundthatwomencrysignificantlymorethanmendo—fivetimesasoften,onaverage,andalmosttwiceaslongperperiod.Historically,however,menroutinelywept,andnoonesawitasshameful.Forexample,intheMiddleAges,knightscriedpurelybecausetheymissedtheirgirlfriends.InTheKnightoftheCart,nolessaherothanLancelotweepsatabriefseparationfromGuinevere.There’snomentionofthemeninthesestoriestryingtorestrainorhidetheirtears.Theycryinacrowdedhallwiththeirheadsheldhigh.Nordotheirpanionsmakefunofthispubliccrying;it’suniversallyregardedasanadmirableexpressionoffeeling.Sowheredidallthemaletearsgo?Themostobviouspossibilityisthatthisshiftistheresultofchangesaswemovedfromanagriculturalsocietytoonethatwasurbanandindustrial.IntheMiddleAges,mostpeoplespenttheirlivesamongthosetheyhadknownsincebirth.Ifmencried,theydidsowithpeoplewhowouldsympathize.Butfromthe18thto20thcenturies,thepopulationbecameincreasinglyurbanize,andpeoplewerelivinginthemidstofthousandsofstrangers.Furthermore,changesintheeconomyrequiredmentoworktogetherinfactoriesandofficeswhereemotionalexpressionsandevenprivateconversationswerediscouragedastimewasting.Yethumanbeingsweren’tdesignedtoswallowtheiremotions,andthere’sreasontobelievethatrestrainingtearscanbeharmfultoyourwellbeing.Researchfromthe1980shassuggestedarelationshipbetweenstressrelatedillnessesandinadequatecrying.Weepingisalso,somewhatrelatedwithhappinessandwealth.Countrieswherepeoplecrythemosttendtobericherandmoreconfident.8．Inhistory,peopleconsideredit________formentocryinpublic.A．shameful B．acceptable C．manly D．definite9．Howdoestheauthoranswerthequestionraisedinparagraph3?A．Byofferingdescriptions. B．Byanalyzingeffects.C．Bymakingparisons. D．Bygivingdefinitions.10．Whoislikelytobehealthieraccordingtothepassage?A．Emilywhoisoutgoingbutsometimessobsinpublic.B．Tonywholivesaloneandseldomexpresseshimself.C．Arthurwhoisundergreatstressbutnevershedatear.D．Rebeccawhosometimescriesbutquicklyregaincontrol.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WeepingIsforWomen. B．MenDon’tCry.Why?C．WhoCryMore?MenorWomen? D．WeepingMakesaWeakMan.D（2021·重庆·高一期末）Thechildren’sclothingsectionatUniqloinChinahasgainedunexpectednewcustomers:adultwomen,whoposefordressingroomselfiesinchildren’sTshirtsfromtheJapanesefashiongiant.ThisfashionabletrendhasarousedaheateddebateontheInternetaboutwhetheritpromotesbodyshaming.OnWeibowhere“AdulttriesonUniqloChildren’sclothing”hasbeenviewed680milliontimes,criticismisdividedintogroupsbetweenthosewhoobjecttotheunrealisticbeautystandardsthatthechallengepromotesandthosewhoexpressthemorepracticalconcernthatwomenarestretchingouttheclothesandmakingthemnotsuitableforsale.Thechallengehasbeenlabeledasthelatesteditionof“BMstyle”infashiontrend,atypeoffashionrecentlypopularizedbythepopularItalianbrandBrandyMelville,whichisyouthful,casualand,aboveall,thin(itsstorescarryoutonlyonesize:extrasmall).SimilaronlinechallengeshavegoneviralonChinesesocialmediabefore.In2016,women—andevensomemen—allposedwiththeirwaistsbehindasheetofA4papergoingstraightuptoshowthefactthattheywere“paperthin”intheirWeChatMoments.JiaTan,anassistantprofessorinculturalstudiesfromtheChineseUniversityofHongKong,saidthattheclothingindustryisamostimportantdriverofwhatisconsidered“standard”sizing.“Ithinkweneedtofirstquestionthetremendoussocialpressureonwomen,andwhytheclothingindustriescanhavesomuchpowerinstandardizinghowwelook,beforewepointoutfingersonthoseadultwomenwhoshowoffinchildren’ssizes,”Tansaid.12．What’sthepeople’sattitudetowardsthenewcustomeronWeibo?A．Favorable. B．Concerned. C．Disapproving. D．Mixed.13．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph5mean?A．Gainpopularity. B．Showoff. C．Getthrough. D．Gostandard.14．WhatdoJiaTan’swordstellus?A．Thewholesocietyhasshownoffinchildren’ssizes.B．Wecan’tjustblametheadultwomenwearingchildren’clothing.C．Thesocialpressuremakesclothingindustrystandardizeourlook.D．Onlytheclothingindustryisresponsibleforthestandardsizing.15．What’smainideaofthewholepassage?A．Onlinechallengesofpaperthinfigureleadtobodyshamingconcerns.B．CriticismsofadultstryingonUniqlochildren’sclothingareraised.C．Thetrendofwomenposinginchildren’sclothingattractswideattention.D．Theclothingindustryplaysasignificantroleindrivingthestandardsizingofwomen.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）（2022·河南·高一阶段练习）AgoodplaceIknowitsoundsstrange,butIwantyoutotakealookatyourlifeasyoureadthisarticleinthenextminute.Inyourworld,you'relookingforaplacewhereyoufeelcaredaboutandwhereyou'llseepeopleingtogethertohelpsomeoneinneed,whetherit'sforameal,alaugh,ortolendahandwhendisasterstrikes.____16____Otherpeoplewillfeelthesameway,eveniftheyarestrangers.Youknowsuchaplacebecauseyou’vebeenthere.It’sonafrontporch(门廊)inyourtownaftersomethingdifficulthashappenedandhelpisontheway.It'sonthephone,peopleworkingtogethertosolveproblemsatworkorinthecity.Doyouknowthephrase“uptonogood”?Thisisaplacewhereyoufeeltheopposite:____17____Scanyourschools,yourstores,youronlineexperiences,andyourchurches—anyplaceyouhavefeltthepowerofpeoplebeingtogethernomatterwhattheirbackgroundsare.____18____Thesepeoplearemakinggoodthingshappen.Icanhelptoo.Holdthatthought,becausenowIwillaskyoutodoonemorething.Takeamomenttowritemeaboutthosepeopleandwhyyousmilewhenyouthinkaboutthem.____19____Ithasbeenayearofstorms,shootings,apandemic(流行病),andmore.Butinourmunities,wearestillstanding.Theseplacesarethereason.Weneedtohearanystory,nomatterhowsmall,ofpeoplewhohaveeachother'sbacks.____20____Thankyouforfollowingalong,andforthestoriesyouwilltell.ThissearchfortheNicestPlacesinAmericaisongoing,andvaluable.Joinit.A．Thesepeopleareuptogood.B．Thesepeopleareuptonogood.C．Thisisimportant,especiallyforAmericantoday.D．ThesethingsshouldbeeverywhereinAmericatoday.E．Thisistheplacewhereyouhavesaidtoyourself“Igotthehelp”.F．Atatimewhenwehavelostfaith,yourstoriescanhelpusregainit.G．Inaplacewithabigheartyouwillimmediatelyfeellikeyoubelong.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）（2022·上海市控江中学高一阶段练习）HowmanypeoplecanspeakEnglish?Someexpertsestimatethat1.5billionpeople—aroundonequarteroftheworld’spopulation—canmunicatereasonablywellinEnglish.Neverinrecordedhistoryhasalanguagebeenas_____21_____spokenasEnglishistoday.Thereasonwhymillionsarelearningitissimple:itisthelanguageofinternationalbusinessand_____22_____,thekeytoprosperity.ItisnotjustthatmultinationalpaniesconducttheirbusinessinEnglish;itisthelanguageinwhichGermansspeaktoIndonesians.DavidGtaddol,theauthorofEnglishNext,saysitistemptingtoviewthestoryofEnglishsimplyasavictoryforitsnativespeakersinNorthAmerica,BritainandIreland,andAustralia—butthatwouldbea_____23_____.GlobalEnglishhasenteredamoreplexstage,changinginwaysthattheEnglishspeakingcountriescannotcontrolandmight_____24_____.Animportantquestiononemightaskis:whoseEnglishwillitbeinthefuture?Nonnativespeakersnow_____25_____nativeEnglishspeakersbythreetoone.Themajorityof_____26_____inEnglishtodaytakeplacebetweennonnativespeakers.AccordingtoDavidGraddol,manybusinessmeetingsheldinEnglishappeartorunmore_____27_____whentherearenonativeEnglishspeakerspresent.Thisisbecausenativespeakersareoften_____28_____atensuringthattheyareunderstoodininternationaldiscussions.TheytendtothinktheyneedtoavoidlongerLatinbasedwords,butinfact_____29_____problemsaremoreoftencausedbytheiruseofidioms,metaphors,andphrasalverbs.Ononeoccasion,ataninternationalstudentconferenceinAmsterdam,conductedinEnglish,theonlyBritishrepresentativewasaskedtobe“less_____30_____”sothattheotherscouldunderstandher.ProfessorBarbaraSeidlhofer,ProfessorofEnglishattheUniversityofVienna,recordsspokenEnglish_____31_____betweenspeakersofthelanguagearoundtheworld.Shesaysherteamhasnoticedthatnonnativespeakersare_____32_____standardEnglishgrammarinseveralways.Eventhemostfluentspeakerssometimesomitthe"s"inthethirdpersonsingular.Manyomitdefiniteandindefinitearticleswheretheyare_____33_____instandardEnglish,orputtheminwherestandardEnglishdoesnotusethem.NounsthatarenotpluralinnativespeakerEnglishareusedaspluralsbynonnativespeakers(eg,“informations”,“knowledges”,advices”).Othervariationsinclude“makeadiscussion”,“discussaboutsomething”,or“phonetosomebody”.ManynativeEnglishspeakerswillinsistthatthesearenotvariations,theyaremistakes.“Knowledges”and“phonetosomebody”aresimply_____34_____.ManynonnativespeakerswhoteachEnglisharoundtheworldwouldagree.Butlanguagechanges,andsodoideasofgrammatical_____35_____.21．A．well B．widely C．fully D．regularly22．A．besides B．therefore C．otherwise D．however23．A．mistake B．success C．challenge D．petition24．A．forget B．undergo C．justify D．dislike25．A．understand B．envy C．outnumber D．overload26．A．encounters B．instructions C．negotiations D．treatments27．A．roughly B．slowly C．swiftly D．smoothly28．A．poor B．angry C．clever D．skillful29．A．equipment B．economy C．prehension D．culture30．A．visible B．considerate C．English D．foreign31．A．grammar B．interactions C．courses D．vocabulary32．A．studying B．explaining C．checking D．varying33．A．required B．deleted C．judged D．stressed34．A．harmful B．impolite C．wrong D．illogical35．A．phenomenon B．research C．structure D．correctness第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）（2022·重庆·高一期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OnMonday,popularfashionandlifestylesharingplatformXiaohongshu,orLittleRedBook,issued___36___apologyonitsofficialWeChataccounttotheusersfor“overdecorated”(过度美化的)sceneryphotos.Some___37___(annoy)usersput“before”and“after”photosonWeibothatdramaticallyshowthedifference.“When___38___(pare)thereallifewithwhatispostedonXiaohongshu,Ifeel___39___(extreme)disappointed.Thephotosshowthescenicspots(景点)asmovielikeandromantic,butthat’sfar___40___thecase,”oneuserplained.Theplatformnoted,“Those___41___(image)areinfactjustcollectionsoftravelphotosinsteadofprofessionaltravelguides,andthereasonwhymostusersplain___42___(be)thattheyconsiderthosephotosasguidesforscenicspots.”“Aftertheusersvisitedthescenicspots,therewasabiggap,___43___madethembelievetheywerebeingcheated,”saidXiaohongshu.Xiaohongshusaidthatithadlaunchedaseriesofcampaignstoencouragetheusers___44___(share)usefulphotos,anditwasgoingtopromoterankinglistsalongwithplacestoavoidliststomakeusersget____45____(much)informationthanbefore.第三部分写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．（2022·江苏·盐城市伍佑中学高一阶段练习）假定你是李华，上周末你所在的城市在人民广场举办了主题为“TheEarthlsOurOnlyHome”的活动，探讨了环境污染的方方面面，并宣传环保措施。你的外国朋友Henry对此很感兴趣，请你用英语写一封邮件，告诉他活动的具体情况，内容包括：1.活动时间和地点；2.活动的内容；3.