2024-2025学年河南省许昌市联考高一下学期4月期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省许昌市联考2024-2025学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AUWStudentClassicalMusicJacobyCompetitionTheworldsofcompetitionandclassicalmusicmeethead-onastheUniversityofWyoming’sfineststudentmusicianswillbechosenduringtheUWSymphonyOrchestra’sJacobyCompetitionat7:30pmonMay6intheBuchananCenterforthePerformingArtsconcerthall.Ticketsare$19forthegeneralpublic,$15fortheelderlyand$9forstudents.Toordertickets,call(307)766-6666orgoonlineat/ticket-sales/uwyo/6984.TheconcertisnamedafterDorothyJacoby,amusicalandfoundingmemberofthelocalSymphonyAssociationandalongtimesupporterofclassicalmusicinLaramie.Afterherdeath,hersons,PeterandMichaelJacoby,madeagenerouscontributioninhonouroftheirmother.“TheJacobyCompetitionneverfailstobeoneoftheUWSymphonyOrchestra’smostexcitingevents,”saysUWDepartmentofMusicProfessorMichaelGriffith.“Whatyouwillhearisactuallythefinalsofatwo-stagecompetition.”Severalmonthsago,manyUWmusicstudentsplayedtheirselectedpiecesintheaudition(试演)round.Agroupofwell-knownmusiciansservedasjudgesandchosetheseventopstudentstoperforminthefinalsconcert.Anothersetofjudgeswillbeattheperformanceandwilldecidethebesttwoperformancesoftheevening.Thewinnerswillgetthe$2,500prizethatisawardedattheperformance.1.Whatistheticketpriceforstudentstoattendtheconcert?A.$5. B.$9. C.$15. D.$19.2.Whatwerethemusicstudentsrequiredtodointhefirstround?A.Producetheoriginalwork. B.Practicewiththesemusicians.C.Performtheirpickedmusic. D.Playpieceswrittenbyjudges.3.Whatwillthewinnersreceive?A.Recordings. B.Cashawards. C.Concerttickets. D.Singingauditions.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了怀俄明大学音乐学院将举办的Jacoby音乐比赛决赛，7名选手竞逐奖项，纪念已故音乐赞助人DorothyJacoby。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ticketsare$19forthegeneralpublic,$15fortheelderlyand$9forstudents.(普通票为19美元，老年票为15美元，学生票为9美元)”可知，学生参加音乐会的票价是9美元。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Severalmonthsago,manyUWmusicstudentsplayedtheirselectedpiecesintheaudition(试演)round.(数月前，怀俄明大学众多音乐专业学生在初选轮演奏了自选曲目)”可知，音乐专业的学生被要求在第一轮演奏他们自选的曲目。故选C项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thewinnerswillgetthe$2,500prizethatisawardedattheperformance.(获胜者将获得在演出当晚颁发的2500美元奖金)”可知，获奖者将获得现金奖励。故选B项。BArielProcacciahasalwaysbeenattractedbybigquestionsandhardproblems.Whenhewasateenager,Procaccialovedreadingbooksaboutbigideas.OneofhisfavoriteswasFermat’sLastTheorem,whichtellsthestoryofamathpuzzle(难题)thatremainedunsolvedformorethan300years.AnotherbookheenjoyedwasABriefHistoryofTime,whichexploresdeepquestionsabouttheuniverse.Bythetimehewenttocollege,Procacciaknewhewantedtostudytwoofthreethings—math,computerscienceandphysics.“Butmydadisaphysicsprofessor,anditseemedstrangetodothesamethinghedid,”Procacciasays.“SoIchosetheothertwo.”Today,ProcacciaisacomputerscientistatHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Mass.There,hedesignscomputeralgorithms(算法)thatcansolveproblemsquicklyandfairly.Throughthiswork,Procacciahasbeenabletoaddresssomebigproblemsthatdirectlyaffectpeople’sdailylives.OneofhisfavoriteprojectsisS.It’safreewebsitethathelpspeopledividethingsinawaythatmathematicallyensuresfairness.Forexample,oneoftheappsonSplidditisrentdivision.Sayafewroommatesrentanapartmentandhavedifferentpreferencesoverrooms.Thegoalistoassign(分配)theroomsanddividetherentinawaythateachroommatefeelstheygotthebestdeal.SinceSplidditwasstartedin2014,ithasbeenusedbyhundredsofthousandsofpeople.Forthosewhothinkcomputerscienceisonlyaboutcomputers,Procacciahasadifferentview.Hebelievesitisreallyaboutsolvingproblemsinthebestwaypossible.Heencouragespeopletoexploreit,eveniftheythinktheyarenotinterestedincomputers.Hesays,“It’snotjustaboutthemachines;it’saboutusingthemtomakearealdifferenceinpeople’slives.”4.WhatcanwelearnaboutProcacciafromthefirstparagraph?A.Hehasacuriousmind. B.Helongedtobeateacher.C.Hewasaquietteenager. D.Heenjoyswritingstories.5.WhydidProcacciastudymathandcomputerscienceincollege?A.Heacceptedhisfather’ssuggestion.B.Hefailedtochoosethesubjectsheloved.C.Hewasunwillingtofollowhisfather’spath.D.Hethoughtcomputersciencewasmorepopular.6.WhatisthemainpurposeofthewebsiteS?A.Toencouragestudentstoexploremath. B.Toshareinformationonlow-renthousing.C.Tohelpitsusersfindsuitableroommates. D.Tooffersolutionstofairdivisionproblems.7.WhatisProcaccia’sopinionaboutcomputerscience?A.Itismainlyaboutcomputers. B.Itaimstoimprovepeople’sdailylives.C.Itonlydrawscollegestudents. D.Itdependsonfuturecomputerscientists.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ArielProcaccia是一位热衷于解决复杂问题的计算机科学家，他开发了S等工具，利用算法实现公平分配，并认为计算机科学的真正价值在于改善人们的生活，而不仅仅是技术本身。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Whenhewasateenager,Procaccialovedreadingbooksaboutbigideas.OneofhisfavoriteswasFermat’sLastTheorem,whichtellsthestoryofamathpuzzle(难题)thatremainedunsolvedformorethan300years.AnotherbookheenjoyedwasABriefHistoryofTime,whichexploresdeepquestionsabouttheuniverse.(少年时期的Procaccia就痴迷于阅读探讨宏大思想的书籍。他尤其喜爱《费马大定理》，这本书讲述了一个困扰数学界三百余年的未解之谜；另一本让他着迷的是《时间简史》，书中深入探讨了关于宇宙本质的深刻问题。)”可知，Procaccia少年时期喜欢阅读关于宏大思想的书籍，这些书涉及深奥的数学和宇宙问题，体现了他强烈的好奇心。故选A项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中Procaccia所说的话“Butmydadisaphysicsprofessor,anditseemedstrangetodothesamethinghedid(但我父亲是物理学教授，如果我也走同样的路，总觉得有点奇怪)”和“SoIchosetheothertwo.(所以我选了另外两个。)”可知，Procaccia之所以在大学里学习数学和计算机科学，是因为他不愿意走父亲的职业道路。故选C项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“OneofhisfavoriteprojectsisS.It’safreewebsitethathelpspeopledividethingsinawaythatmathematicallyensuresfairness.(他最喜欢的项目之一是S。这是一个免费网站，通过数学算法帮助人们公平分配物品。)”可知，该网站的主要目的是通过数学算法为公平分配问题提供解决方案。故选D项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Forthosewhothinkcomputerscienceisonlyaboutcomputers,Procacciahasadifferentview.Hebelievesitisreallyaboutsolvingproblemsinthebestwaypossible.(对于那些认为计算机科学只与计算机有关的人，Procaccia持有不同见解。他认为这门学科的本质在于用最优方式解决问题。)”和Procaccia所说的话“It’snotjustaboutthemachines;it’saboutusingthemtomakearealdifferenceinpeople’slives.(这不仅仅是关于机器本身，而是要通过技术真正改变人们的生活。)”可推知，Procaccia认为计算机科学提供解决问题的最优方案，旨在改善人们的日常生活。故选B项。CArecentupdatefromtheU.S.GeologicalSurveyoffersnewinsightsintothechancesofYellowstone’ssupervolcanoerupting.Thisvolcanoisoneoftheworld’slargestactivevolcanoes.WrittenbyMarkStelten,ascientistattheYellowstoneVolcanoObservatory,thepostanalyzes(分析)thevolcano’seruptivehistoryandcurrentactivitytoshowthatthesleepinggiantshould,thankfully,remainasleepforawhilelonger.Steltensaysthatpredicting(预测)thelikelihoodofaneruptiondependsonknowingtheeruptivehistoryofthevolcanicsystem.Scientistsneedtocountpasteruptionsandwhentheyhappened.Thishelpsthemfigureouteruptionprobabilities.Toexplainthisidea,Steltentakesabaseballforexampleintheupdate:“Imagineyoulivenexttoabaseballfield,andsometimesballslandinyouryard.Toguesswhenthenextballwillcome,youcounthowmanyhavelandedinaperiod(let’ssay,oneyear).Then,youcanestimatethechancesofanotherballarrivingtomorrow,nextweek,ornextmonth.”ApplyingthisapproachtoYellowstone,Steltennotesthatthevolcanohasnoteruptedinthepast70,000years,butwasactivewithrhyolitelavaflowsevery20,000yearsonaveragebetween160,000and70,000yearsago.“Doesthismeanwearenowinthevolcanicoff-season?Ordoesitmeanweare‘due’foraneruption?”Steltenasks.“Therealityisthatwecannotsayforsurebasedonthesemethodsalone.Instead,wemustcombinethesetypesofpredictionswithreal-timemonitoringofthevolcanotoassess(评估)thestateofthevolcanicsystem.Rightnow,thechanceofaneruptionisabout0.001%peryear,andeventhatnumbermightbetoohigh,”Steltenwrites.Therearenowarningsignsofaneruption.However,asSteltennotes,“Oneday—maybeinthousandsofyearsoreventensofthousandsofyears—thiscouldchange.Scientistswillcontinuetowatchforanysigns.”8.WhatdoesthepostfindaboutYellowstone’ssupervolcano?A.Ithasshownwarningsignsoferupting. B.Itistheworld’slargestactivevolcano.C.Itkeepsinactiveintheforeseeablefuture. D.Itwillshapeourviewsonnaturaldisasters.9.WhydidSteltenmentionabaseballintheupdate?A.Tointroduceapopularsportseventtoreaders.B.Tostresstheimportanceofdoingmoreexercise.C.Towarnpeopletostayawayfrombaseballfields.D.Toexplainhowscientistspredictvolcaniceruptions.10.WhatdidSteltenthinkofYellowstone’seruptivehistory?A.Itwillremindresearcherstochangemethods.B.Itplaysapartinassessingthevolcanicsystem.C.Itmeanswearenowinthevolcanicoff-season.D.Ithelpsscientiststounderstandclimatechange.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Asciencereport. B.Atouristattraction.C.Afamousexpert. D.Amathematicalerror.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了美国地质调查局关于黄石超级火山喷发几率的最新研究，通过科学家MarkStelten的分析，解释了如何根据火山的喷发历史和当前活动来预测其喷发可能性。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“WrittenbyMarkStelten,ascientistattheYellowstoneVolcanoObservatory,thepostanalyzes(分析)thevolcano’seruptivehistoryandcurrentactivitytoshowthatthesleepinggiantshould,thankfully,remainasleepforawhilelonger.(这篇文章由黄石火山观测站的科学家MarkStelten撰写，分析了火山的喷发历史和当前的活动，表明这颗沉睡的巨人应该多睡一段时间)”可知，黄石超级火山在可预见的未来保持不活跃状态。故选C项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Toexplainthisidea,Steltentakesabaseballforexampleintheupdate:“Imagineyoulivenexttoabaseballfield,andsometimesballslandinyouryard.Toguesswhenthenextballwillcome,youcounthowmanyhavelandedinaperiod(let’ssay,oneyear).Then,youcanestimatethechancesofanotherballarrivingtomorrow,nextweek,ornextmonth.”(为了解释这个想法，Stelten在更新中以棒球为例：“想象一下，你住在棒球场旁边，有时球会落在你的院子里。为了猜测下一个球什么时候会来，你可以计算一段时间内（比如一年）有多少球落在地上。然后，你可以估计明天、下周或下个月另一个球到达的机会。”)”可知，Stelten用棒球场中棒球落入院子的例子，类比科学家通过统计历史喷发次数和间隔时间预测火山喷发概率的方法，可得出Stelten在最新消息中提到棒球是为了解释科学家如何预测火山爆发。故选D项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Steltensaysthatpredicting(预测)thelikelihoodofaneruptiondependsonknowingtheeruptivehistoryofthevolcanicsystem.(Stelten说，预测火山爆发的可能性取决于了解火山系统的喷发历史)”和第七段“Instead,wemustcombinethesetypesofpredictionswithreal-timemonitoringofthevolcanotoassess(评估)thestateofthevolcanicsystem.(相反，我们必须将这些类型的预测（即历史预测）与火山的实时监测相结合，以评估火山系统的状态)”可知，Stelten认为黄石火山喷发的历史在评估火山系统方面发挥了作用。故选B项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“ArecentupdatefromtheU.S.GeologicalSurveyoffersnewinsightsintothechancesofYellowstone’ssupervolcanoerupting.(美国地质调查局最近的一项更新为黄石超级火山爆发的可能性提供了新的见解)”以及纵观全文可知，本文是一篇科学分析报告。故选A项。DPlantsplayakeyroleincontrollingEarth’sclimate,butnewresearchsuggestsrisingtemperaturesmaybreakthisbalance.Dr.SeanMichaletz,aresearcherattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,studieshowplantsrespondtoheat.Hisfindingschallengealong-heldideaabouthowplantslosewater,leadingtonewwaysofunderstandingclimatechange.Previously,scientiststhoughtplantslostmostoftheirwaterthroughtinypores(气孔)thatcloseinhightemperaturestosavewater.However,Michaletz’sresearchfindsthatastemperaturesrise,plantslosemorewaterthroughtheircuticle(角质层)—whichcannotclose—thanthroughtheirtinypores.Thethinnerthecuticle,thegreaterthewaterloss.Thismeansthatinextremeheat,plantscontinuelosingwaterbutcannottakeincarbondioxide(CO2),reducingtheirroleasacarbonsink.Inextremetemperatures,theycouldevenbecomecarbonsources,worseningclimatechange.Michaletz’sstudiesshowthatphotosynthesis(光合作用)startstobreakdownbetween40℃and51℃.Inthe2021heatwave,temperaturessoaredto49.6℃,pushingplantstotheirlimits.Michaletz’songoingresearchsuggeststhat60℃maybethehighesttemperatureplantscansurvive—beyondthispoint,proteinsbreakdown,leadingtocelldamageanddeath.Onlyafewdesertandtropicalspecieshaveeverbeenobservedsurvivingatsuchextremetemperatures.Scientistsareworkingtofindoutthe“tippingpoint”whereEarth’svegetationgivesoutmoreCO2thanittakesin,whichturnsthemfromacarbonsinkintoacarbonsource.Thistippingpointcouldhappenataround30℃,thoughkeyuncertaintiesremain—especiallyhowmicroclimatesandwateraffectphotosynthesisunderextremeheat.Plantshavesurvivedhotweatherforhundredsofmillionsofyears,butallspeciesfaceupperlimitssetbythelawsofphysics.Whilesomeplantscanbearhighertemperaturesbetterthanothers,scientistsareunsurehowsoontheymightreachtheirbreakingpoint.Basedonrecentmeasurements,wemaybecloserthanwethink.12.Itwaspreviouslybelievedthatplantsinhotweathercould______.A.losewaterthroughtheircuticle B.havesideeffectsontheecosystemC.sendoutmorecarbonthanexpected D.savewaterbyclosingtheirtinypores13.WhatdoesMichaletz’sresearchsuggest?A.Plants’cuticlecouldstopwaterlossintheheat.B.Somedesertplantscanpredictextremeweather.C.Photosynthesisstartstobreakdownataround60℃.D.Risingtemperaturesreduceplants’abilitytotakeinCO2.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“soared”inparagraph4mean?A.Fellsharply. B.Changeddaily. C.Increasedquickly. D.Movedcarefully.15.Whatcanbeinferredaboutglobalwarmingfromthelastparagraph?A.Itislikelytogetworsesoon. B.Itisreachingthebreakingpoint.C.Itisnotasseriousaswethought. D.Itisnotbasedonthelateststudy.【答案】12.D13.D14.C15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新研究发现高温下植物通过角质层大量失水且无法吸收二氧化碳，可能从碳汇变为碳源，加剧气候变化，同时科学家正研究植被的临界温度，而当前变暖趋势可能比预期更快逼近植物生存极限。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Previously,scientiststhoughtplantslostmostoftheirwaterthroughtinypores(气孔)thatcloseinhightemperaturestosavewater.(以前，科学家认为植物的大部分水分都是通过微小的气孔流失的，这些气孔在高温下闭合以节省水分)”可知，以前人们认为，在炎热的天气里，植物可以通过闭合气孔来节约水分。故选D项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thismeansthatinextremeheat,plantscontinuelosingwaterbutcannottakeincarbondioxide(CO2),reducingtheirroleasacarbonsink.(这意味着在极端高温下，植物会持续失水却无法吸收二氧化碳(CO₂)，从而削弱其作为碳汇的作用)”可知，Michaletz的研究表明，气温上升会降低植物吸收二氧化碳的能力。故选D项。【14题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Inthe2021heatwave(在2021年的热浪中)”和下文“pushingplantstotheirlimits(将植物推向极限)”可推知，热浪意味着气温飙升，从而威胁植物的生存，画线词意为“快速上升”。故选C项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Plantshavesurvivedhotweatherforhundredsofmillionsofyears,butallspeciesfaceupperlimitssetbythelawsofphysics.Whilesomeplantscanbearhighertemperaturesbetterthanothers,scientistsareunsurehowsoontheymightreachtheirbreakingpoint.Basedonrecentmeasurements,wemaybecloserthanwethink.(植物在炎热的天气中生存了数亿年，但所有物种都面临物理定律设定的上限。虽然有些植物比其他植物更能承受更高的温度，但科学家们不确定它们多久能达到极限。根据最近的测量，我们可能比我们想象的更接近)”可知，植物有温度上限，且它们达到临界点的时间可能比想象的更接近，这表明全球变暖可能加速恶化。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Aswebecomeincreasinglyawareoftheimpactouractionshaveontheenvironment,moreandmoreofusarelookingforwaystoreduceourcarbonfootprint.Throughoutagiventrip,bothbigandsmalldecisionsyoumakecanaffectalotthetotalamountofgreenhousegasemissions(排放)producedbyyourholiday.___16___?Herearesometipsonenjoyinga“green”holiday.·Keepitlightonluggage(行李).Everysingleextrakiloyoucarryarounddrivesupemissions.___17___.Packing(收拾行李)withpurposecanactivelycutyourcarbonfootprint.Soyoucantravelwithamorethoughtful,lighterbag.It’sasmallchangethatcanmakeabigdifference.·Explorewithcare.___18___.Insteadoffightingtraffic,youmightfindhiddentreasuresbychance,andyou’remorelikelytomeetnewpeople.Thishabitcanconnectyouwiththecityyou’revisitingandhelpyouknowthecitybetter.·___19___.Beabigbelieverinaskingquestions,especiallywhenitcomestoahotel’simpactonpeopleandtheplanet.Askyourhoteltosharehowitsourcesrenewableenergy,saveswater,andmanageswaste.Ifthehotelcan’tshowproofofsimilaraction,keepdigging.Themorewe,astourists,asksimilarquestions,themoretheindustrywillmovetowardresponsiblepractices.·Doyourparttoprotectthelocalcommunity.Volunteerforabeachclean-up,joinareforestationproject,orjustpickuprubbishasyoutravel.Evensuchsmalleffortscanhelpprotectnaturalbeautyforfuturegenerations.___20___.A.Askaboutyourhotel’scarbonfootprintB.WhatdoyouthinkofthebenefitsofthemC.DosomethingbigtomakeothersawareoftheproblemD.SohowcanwemakeadifferencewhenheadingonholidayE.What’smore,itslowsyoudownwhenyouexploreanewcityF.Changingfromtaxistobikesmeansyou’rekindtotheenvironmentG.Youractionsmakeyourtripmeaningfullongafteryou’vegonehome【答案】16.D17.E18.F19.A20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分享了实现环保旅行的实用建议。【16题详析】前文“Throughoutagiventrip,bothbigandsmalldecisionsyoumakecanaffectalotthetotalamountofgreenhousegasemissions(排放)producedbyyourholiday.(在一次旅行中，你所做的大大小小的决定都会对你假期产生的温室气体排放总量产生很大的影响)”提到旅行中的决策会影响碳排放，后文“Herearesometipsonenjoyinga“green”holiday.(这里有一些享受“绿色”假期的建议)”给出具体建议，此处需一个问句引出绿色旅行的主题，因此D项“Sohowcanwemakeadifferencewhenheadingonholiday(那么，我们如何在度假时做出改变呢)”符合语境，承前启后。故选D。【17题详析】前文“Keepitlightonluggage(行李).Everysingleextrakiloyoucarryarounddrivesupemissions.(行李要轻便。你每多带一公斤就会增加排放)”建议轻装出行，指出行李过多的一个弊端，因此E项“What’smore,itslowsyoudownwhenyouexploreanewcity(此外，这也会拖慢你探索新城市的脚步)”符合语境，补充说明行李过多的另一弊端，承接前文。故选E。【18题详析】后文“Insteadoffightingtraffic,youmightfindhiddentreasuresbychance,andyou’remorelikelytomeetnewpeople.(你可能会偶然发现隐藏的宝藏，而不是与交通拥堵作斗争，你也更有可能结识新朋友)”提到避开拥堵交通、偶遇隐藏景点和便于交友三个好处，因此F项“Changingfromtaxistobikesmeansyou’rekindtotheenvironment(从打车改为骑车意味着你对环境更友好)”符合语境，指出骑车出行更环保，后一句是骑车出行其他的好处。故选F。【19题详析】后文“Beabigbelieverinaskingquestions,especiallywhenitcomestoahotel’simpactonpeopleandtheplanet.Askyourhoteltosharehowitsourcesrenewableenergy,saveswater,andmanageswaste.Ifthehotelcan’tshowproofofsimilaraction,keepdigging.(坚持问问题，尤其是当酒店对人类和地球的影响时。要求你的酒店分享如何使用可再生能源、节约用水和管理废物。如果酒店不能提供类似行为的证据，那就继续调查)”详细说明如何询问酒店的环保措施，此处作为段首句，应建议了解酒店的环保情况，因此A项“Askaboutyourhotel’scarbonfootprint(询问酒店的碳足迹情况)”符合语境，统领段落内容。故选A。【20题详析】前文“Evensuchsmalleffortscanhelpprotectnaturalbeautyforfuturegenerations.(即使是这样的小努力也可以为子孙后代保护自然美景)”强调保护当地社区的长期价值，因此G项“Youractionsmakeyourtripmeaningfullongafteryou’vegonehome(你的行动会让旅行的意义延续至归家之后)”符合语境，总结这种持续性影响，承接前文。故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。VirginiaSquierchaperoned(陪伴)agroupofmiddleschoolstudentsonatourofEngland.She___21___alongherdaughter,Chambers,whowaseightyearsoldatthetime.Thatday,Squier,herdaughterandtheschoolgroupjustgotoffthetrainintheLondonUndergroundandstoodonaplatform(站台)getting___22___toheadtotheirnextdestination.Itwas5pmandthestationwas___23___.SquiertookholdofChambers’handandbegan___24___herstudents.Justthen,a___25___arrivedattheplatform.“___26___,mydaughterletgoofmyhand,jumpedonthetrain,andthedoorsbeganto___27___,”Squiersaid.“Asthetraingathered___28___,Iranalongsidetryingtoforcethedooropen.Ontheothersideoftheglass,Icouldseemydaughter’s___29___face.”Thelast___30___SquiersawbeforethetrainpulledoutofthestationwasChamberscrying.Behindher,ayoungman___31___fromhisseatandstartedmovingtowardChambers.Shocked,Squier___32___aworkeratthestationforhelp,butshefoundtheworkerwasnotanativeEnglishspeaker,whichmadeexplaininghersituation___33___.About10minuteslater,oneofherstudentsshouted,“She’sback!”Theyoungmanonthetrainsawwhathadhappened.HecomfortedChambersand___34___heroffthetrainatthenextstop.Theythen___35___anothertrainheadedbacktohermother.21.A.looked B.worked C.sang D.brought22.A.ready B.willing C.nervous D.messy23.A.cold B.artistic C.crowded D.empty24.A.praising B.counting C.lecturing D.protecting25.A.train B.taxi C.car D.bus26.A.Finally B.Slowly C.Suddenly D.Naturally27.A.close B.open C.break D.shake28.A.force B.heat C.power D.speed29.A.frightened B.satisfied C.interested D.bored30.A.event B.sight C.accident D.race31.A.escaped B.retired C.cried D.rose32.A.referredto B.pickedup C.turnedto D.wokeup33.A.orderly B.acceptable C.joyous D.difficult34.A.pushed B.guided C.watched D.greeted35.A.booked B.missed C.boarded D.stopped【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.B25.A26.C27.A28.D29.A30.B31.D32.C33.D34.B35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Squier带着8岁女儿Chambers和学生们在伦敦地铁站时，女儿突然跳上即将关闭的列车，幸得好心乘客帮助，在下一站下车并安全返回。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她带着当时8岁的女儿Chambers同行。A.looked看；B.worked工作；C.sang唱歌；D.brought带来。根据上文“VirginiaSquierchaperoned(陪伴)agroupofmiddleschoolstudentsonatourofEngland.”可知，Squier是在陪同中学生到英国旅游时，带着自己的女儿同行。故选D。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天，Squier、她的女儿和学校的学生们刚从伦敦地铁下了车，站在站台上准备前往下一个目的地。A.ready准备好的；B.willing愿意的；C.nervous紧张的；D.messy凌乱的。根据上文“stoodonaplatform(站台)”和下文“headtotheirnextdestination”可知，他们一行人是站在地铁站台上，准备前往下一个目的地，短语getreadytodo意为“准备做某事”。故选A。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时是下午5点，车站里挤满了人。A.cold寒冷的；B.artistic艺术的；C.crowded拥挤的；D.empty空的。根据上文“Itwas5pm”及生活常识可知，下午5点是地铁出行的高峰期，车站里应该是挤满了人。故选C。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Squier抓住Chambers的手，开始数她的学生。A.praising赞美；B.counting数数；C.lecturing讲课；D.protecting保护。根据上文“VirginiaSquierchaperoned(陪伴)agroupofmiddleschoolstudentsonatourofEngland.”和“Thatday,Squier,herdaughterandtheschoolgroupjustgotoffthetrainintheLondonUnderground”可知，他们一行人是在外旅游，此时在地铁站台上，身为陪同人员的Squier应该是数她的学生，确保没有人走失。故选B。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一辆列车到站了。A.train列车；B.taxi出租车；C.car汽车；D.bus公交车。根据下文“mydaughterletgoofmyhand,jumpedonthetrain”可知，Chambers跳上了列车，因此是一辆列车到站了。故选A。【26题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“突然，我的女儿放开了我的手，跳上了列车，车门开始关闭，”Squier说。A.Finally最后；B.Slowly慢慢地；C.Suddenly突然地；D.Naturally自然地。根据上文“SquiertookholdofChambers’hand”和下文“mydaughterletgoofmyhand,jumpedonthetrain”可知，原本Squier抓着Chambers的手，Chambers放开Squier的手，跳上列车应该是突然间发生的事。故选C。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“突然，我的女儿放开了我的手，跳上了列车，车门开始关闭，”Squier说。A.close关闭；B.open打开；C.break打破；D.shake摇晃。根据下文“Iranalongsidetryingtoforcethedooropen”可知，Squier试图强行打开车门，因此车门是开始关闭。故选A。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着列车加速，我跑到旁边，试图强行打开车门。A.force力量；B.heat热量；C.power权力；D.speed速度。根据下文“beforethetrainpulledoutofthestation”可知，后来列车驶出车站，结合生活常识可知，地铁列车等乘客上去后会慢慢加速，驶出车站，短语gatherspeed意为“加速”。故选D。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在玻璃的另一边，我可以看到我女儿害怕的脸。A.frightened害怕的；B.satisfied满意的；C.interested感兴趣的；D.bored无聊的。根据下文“Thelast______SquiersawbeforethetrainpulledoutofthestationwasChamberscrying.”可知，列车驶出车站前，Chambers在哭泣，因此Squier看到的是她害怕的脸。故选A。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Squier在列车驶出车站前看到的最后一个景象是Chambers在哭泣。A.event事件；B.sight景象；C.accident事故；D.race比赛。根据下文“Chamberscrying”可知，Chambers在哭泣是Squier看到的最后一个景象。故选B。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她身后，一个年轻人从座位上站起来，开始向Chambers走去。A.escaped逃脱；B.retired退休；C.cried哭泣；D.rose起身。根据下文“fromhisseatandstartedmovingtowardChambers”可知，原本坐着的年轻人是从座位上站起来，再向Chambers走去，短语risefrom意为“从……站起来”。故选D。【32题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Squier震惊了，她向车站的一名工作人员求助，但她发现这名工作人员的母语不是英语，这让她很难解释自己的处境。A.referredto提到；B.pickedup捡起，学会；C.turnedto转向，求助于；D.wokeup醒来。根据下文“aworkeratthestationforhelp”可知，Squier是向车站的一名工作人员求助，短语turntosb.forhelp意为“向某人求助”。故选C。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Squier震惊了，她向车站的一名工作人员求助，但她发现这名工作人员的母语不是英语，这让她很难解释自己的处境。A.orderly有序的；B.acceptable可接受的；C.joyous快乐的；D.difficult困难的。根据上文“theworkerwasnotanativeEnglishspeaker”可知，这名工作人员的母语不是英语，因此Squier很难解释自己的处境。故选D。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他安慰Chambers，并引导她在下一站下车。A.pushed推；B.guided引导；C.watched观看；D.greeted问候。根据上文“HecomfortedChambers”可知，年轻人安慰Chambers，他很友善，因此会引导坐错车的她在下一站下车。故选B。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们登上了另一辆开往她母亲的列车。A.booked预订；B.missed错过；C.boarded登上；D.stopped停止。根据上文“About10minuteslater,oneofherstudentsshouted,“She’sback!””可知，Chambers在年轻人的帮助下坐车回来了，因此两人是登上了另一辆开往她母亲的列车。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。QingmingFestivalisatraditionalChineseholiday___36___(observe)torememberancestors(祖先)andhonourthedead.FallingaroundearlyApril,Qingminghasgreatcultural___37___(important)inChinesesociety.The___38___(tradition)ofQingmingFestivalwerenotformedovernight;instead,theycamefromtheColdFoodFestivalandasadstoryaboutJieZitui,afollowerofDukeWenfromthestateofJinduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.WhenDukeWenwasinexile(流放),JieZituihelpedhimsurvive.Wenwassomovedthathepromised___39___(reward)Jieoneday.However,Jiewasnotthetypeofperson___40___soughtrewards.Later,Wenbecametherulerandrewardedhisfollowers.However,JieZituirefusedanyrewardandmovedtoamountain.WhenWen___41___(eventual)discoveredJie’swhereabouts,heorderedhisarmytosettheforestonfire,forcingJieout.Whenthefirestopped,Jie___42___(find)deadunderaburntwillowtree.Inmemory___43___Jie,WenannouncedthatnofiresshouldbelitonthedayofJie’sdeathandpeopleshouldeatcoldfood,___44___(give)risetotheColdFoodFestival.Atfirst,onlythestateofJinfollowedthiscustom,butlater,____45____festivalspreadacrossChina.【答案】36.observed37.importance38.traditions39.toreward40.who/that41.eventually42.wasfound43.of44.giving45.the【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清明节由寒食节演变而来，其核心习俗与纪念春秋时期介子推的忠义事迹密切相关。【36题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：清明节是中国传统节日，用以缅怀祖先、祭奠逝者。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作holiday的后置定语，observe“庆祝”和holiday逻辑上是动宾关系，因此用observe的过去分词形式。故填observed。【37题详析】考查名词。句意：它通常在四月初到来，在中国社会具有重要的文化意义。空处作has的宾语，被great和cultural修饰，名词importance符合题意，意为“重要性”，是不可数名词。故填importance。【38题详析】考查名词复数。句意：清明节的习俗并非一蹴而就，而是源于寒食节以及春秋时期晋国忠臣介子推的悲壮故事。空处作主语，根据“were”可知，可数名词tradition“传统”应用复数形式。故填traditions。【39题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：晋文公深受感动，承诺日后重赏介子推。promisetodosth.为固定搭配，表示“承诺做某事”，空处应用reward“奖赏”的不定式形式。故填toreward。【40题详析】考查定语从句。句意：但介子推淡泊名利。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词person，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that作引导词。故填who或that。【41题详析】考查副词。句意：当晋文公最终发现介子推踪迹时，竟令士兵焚山逼其出山。空处修饰动词discovered，副词eventually符合题意，意为“最终”。故填eventually。【42题详析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：火熄后，人们发现介子推已抱柳而亡。空处作句子的谓语，根据“Whenthefirestopped”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，find“发现”和主语Jie之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用was。故填wasfound。【43题详析】考查介词。句意：为纪念他，晋文公下令其忌日禁火食冷，由此