《商务英语视听说（第1册）》课件unit9

Unit9Culture

QuotationThevalueofcultureisitseffectoncharacter.Itavailsnothingunlessitennoblesandstrengthensthat.

—SomersetMaugham

Allprogressisbaseduponauniversalinnatedesireonthepartofeveryorganismtolivebeyonditsincome.

—SamuelButlerSomersetMaugham

SomersetMaugham(25January1874–16December1965),betterknownasW.SomersetMaugham,wasaBritishplaywright,novelistandshortstorywriter.Hewasamongthemostpopularwritersofhiseraandreputedlythehighest-paidauthorduringthe1930s.Afterlosingbothhisparentsbytheageof10,Maughamwasraisedbyapaternalunclewhowasemotionallycold.Notwantingtobecomealawyerlikeothermeninhisfamily,Maughameventuallytrainedandqualifiedasaphysician.Theinitialrunofhisfirstnovel,

LizaofLambeth

(1897),soldoutsorapidlythatMaughamgaveupmedicinetowritefull-time.DuringtheFirstWorldWarheservedwiththeRedCrossandintheambulancecorps,beforebeingrecruitedin1916intotheBritishSecretIntelligenceService,forwhichheworkedinSwitzerlandandRussiabeforetheOctoberRevolutionof1917.Duringandafterthewar,hetravelledinIndiaandSoutheastAsia;theseexperienceswerereflectedinlatershortstoriesandnovels.SamuelButler

SamuelButler(4December1835–18June1902)wastheiconoclasticEnglishauthoroftheUtopiansatiricalnovelErewhon(1872)andthesemi-autobiographicalBildungsromanTheWayofAllFlesh,publishedposthumouslyin1903.Bothhaveremainedinprinteversince.InotherstudiesheexaminedChristianorthodoxy,evolutionarythought,andItalianart,andmadeprosetranslationsoftheIliadandOdysseythatarestillconsultedtoday.Hewasalsoanartist.Lead-inConversationContentsBusinessNewsPassageChineseandInternationalCultureTourUnit9Lead-in-1|Vocabulary1.promote:v.

toattractpeople’sattentiontoaproductoreventforexamplebyadvertising

Chinaisreadytoexplorenewareasandnewwaysofexpandingbilateraltradeandpromotesustainedandstablegrowthofthetrade.e.g.中方愿积极探索扩大双边贸易的新领域和新途径，推动两国贸易持续稳定增长。Lead-in-1|VocabularyButaweekbeforehalf-termtherewasaknockatthedoor,withaspecialdeliveryforAnna.2.delivery:n.

thecarryingofsomethingsuchasmail,goodsthathavebeenbought,oramessagetoapersonoraddresse.g.

距离期中考试还有一周的时间，有人敲门给

安娜送了一份特件。Lead-in-1|VocabularyThebankcreditconductionisblockedduetothelowcapitaladequacyratioofstate-ownedcommercialbanksaccountforadominantposition.3.dominant:adj.

moreimportant,effective,orprominentthanotherse.g.由于资本充足率低的国有商业银行占主导地位，银行信贷传导出现阻塞。Lead-in-1|NotesThe

UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,commonlyknownasthe

UnitedKingdom

(UK)andcolloquiallyGreatBritain

(GB)orsimply

Britain,isa

sovereigncountry

inWesternEurope.Lyingoffthenorth-westerncoastoftheEuropeanmainland,theUnitedKingdomincludestheislandofGreatBritain,thenorth-easternpartoftheIslandofIrelandandmanysmallerislands.NorthernIreland

istheonlypartoftheUnitedKingdomthatshares

alandborder

withanothersovereignstate‍—‌the

RepublicofIreland.

Apartfromthislandborder,theUnitedKingdomissurroundedbytheAtlanticOcean,withthe

NorthSea

toitseast,the

EnglishChannel

toitssouthandthe

CelticSea

toitssouth-south-west,givingitthe

12th-longestcoastlineintheworld.The

IrishSea

liesbetweenGreatBritainandIreland.Withanareaof242,500squarekilometres(93,600

sq

mi),theUnitedKingdomisthe

78th-largestsovereignstateintheworld

andthe

11th-largestinEurope.Itisalsothe

21st-mostpopulouscountry,withanestimated65.1millioninhabitants.Lead-in-1|NotesTheUnitedKingdomisa

constitutionalmonarchy

witha

parliamentarydemocracy.The

monarch

is

QueenElizabethII,whohas

reigned

since6February1952.ThecapitaloftheUnitedKingdomanditslargestcityis

London,a

globalcity

andfinancialcentre

withanurbanareapopulationof10.3million,thefourth-largestinEuropeand

second-largestintheEuropeanUnion.

TheUnitedKingdomconsistsof

fourcountries—England,

Scotland,

Wales

and

NorthernIreland.

Thelastthreehave

devolved

administrations,eachwithvaryingpowers,

basedintheircapitals,

Edinburgh,

Cardiff

andBelfast,respectively.Thenearby

IsleofMan,

BailiwickofGuernsey

and

BailiwickofJersey

arenotpartoftheUnitedKingdom,being

Crowndependencies

withthe

BritishGovernment

responsiblefordefenceandinternationalrepresentation.

Lead-in-1|Notes1.DNADeoxyribonucleicacid,isthehereditarymaterialinhumansandalmostallotherorganisms.Nearlyeverycellinaperson’sbodyhasthesameDNA.MostDNAislocatedinthecellnucleus(whereitiscallednuclearDNA),butasmallamountofDNAcanalsobefoundinthemitochondria(whereitiscalledmitochondrialDNAormtDNA).Lead-in-2|VocabularySometimesifthepartiedworktogethersomeformofcontactmaybenecessarybutitcannotcontinuetobeonanemotionallevel.1.emotional:

adj.beingbynatureeasilyaffectedbyorquicktoexpressemotionse.g.有时出于某种工作上的合作关系，一些接触在所难免，但这些接触绝不可以掺杂感情成分。Lead-in-2|Vocabulary2.strategic:

adj.

doneaspartofaplanthatismeanttoachieveaparticularpurposeortogainanadvantage

e.g.敦煌曾经是丝绸之路的咽喉和要道。DunhuanghadbeenastrategicpassageandcommunicationshuboftheSilkRoad.Lead-in-2|CultureTipsCorporateCultureCorporateculturereferstothebeliefsandbehaviorsthatdetermine

howacompany’semployeesandmanagementinteract

andhandleoutsidebusinesstransactions.Often,corporatecultureisimplied,notexpresslydefined,anddevelopsorganicallyovertimefromthecumulativetraitsofthepeoplethecompanyhires.Acompany'sculturewillbereflectedinitsdresscode,businesshours,officesetup,

employeebenefits,turnover,hiringdecisions,treatmentofclients,clientsatisfactionandeveryotheraspectofoperations.

Lead-in-2|CultureTipsGoogleCorporateCulture

GoogleInc.(GOOGL)isacompanythatiswell-knownforitsemployee-friendlycorporateculture.Itexplicitlydefinesitselfasunconventionalandoffersperkssuchastelecommuting,

flextime,tuitionreimbursement,freeemployeelunches,on-sitedoctorsand,atitscorporateheadquartersinMountainView,Calif.,on-siteserviceslikeoilchanges,massages,fitnessclasses,carwashesandahairstylist.Google’scorporateculturehashelpedittoconsistentlyearnahighrankingonFortunemagazine’slistof100BestCompaniestoWorkFor.Lead-in-2|CultureTipsCharacteristicsofSuccessfulCorporateCulturesTheHarvardBusinessReviewidentifiessiximportantcharacteristicsofsuccessfulcorporateculturesin2015.Firstandforemostis“vision”:fromasimplemissionstatementtoacorporatemanifesto,acompany’svisionisapowerfultool.Forexample,Google’smodernandinfamousslogan:“Don’tBeEvil”isacompellingcorporatevision.Secondly,“values,”whileabroadconcept,embodythementalitiesandperspectivesnecessarytoachieveacompany’svision.Lead-in-2|CultureTipsSimilarly,“practices”arethetangiblemethods,guidedbyethics,throughwhichacompanyimplementsitsvalues.Forexample,Netflixemphasizestheimportanceofknowledge-based,high-achievingemployeesand,assuch,Netflixpaysitsemployeesatthetopoftheirmarketsalaryrange,ratherthananearn-your-way-to-the-topphilosophy."People"comenext,withcompaniesemployingandrecruitinginawaythatreflectsandenhancestheiroverallculture.Lastly,“narrative”and“place”areperhapsthemostmoderncharacteristicsofcorporateculture.Havingapowerfulnarrativeororiginstory,suchasthatofSteveJobsandApple,isimportantforgrowthandpublicimage.The“place”ofbusiness,suchasthecityofchoiceandalsoofficedesignandarchitecture,isalsooneofthemostcutting-edgeadventsincontemporarycorporateculture.Conversation-3|Vocabulary1.getoff:toleaveavehicle,aircraft,phoneetc

2.urgent:adj.

compellingimmediateactione.g.e.g.Soeverybodythenracedto

getoff

thebus.

所以大家都跑下车。

OfficialsattheStateDepartmentsaytheissueis

urgent.国务院官员说该问题很急迫。

1.track:

n.

alineorroutealongwhichsomethingtravelsormoves

2.recommend:

v.tosuggestaswiseorsuitable;advisee.g.e.g.Conversation-4|VocabularyTheseregulationshavebeenshapedbyanadherencetobehavioristprinciples.Thejudgerecommendedthatheserve20yearsinprison.法官建议判处他20年监禁。

这些规定是遵循行为主义原则而形成的。3.procedure:

n.

aprocessorseriesofactsespeciallyofapracticalormechanicalnatureinvolvedinaparticularformofwork

e.g.Conversation-4|VocabularyWhat’sthe

procedure

foropeningasavingsaccount?.

开一个储蓄帐户有什么手续?1.chaos:n.

astateofextremeconfusionanddisorder

e.g.BusinessNews-1|VocabularyChaos

theorywasdevelopedbyscientists,tryingtoexplainthemovementoftheplanetsandthechangesinenvironmentalconditions.

混沌理论是由科学家们开发的，试图解释行星的运动和环境条件的变化.2.clog:v.

toblocksth.suchasapipe,tube,orpassage,ortobecomeblocked,sothatnothingcangetthrough

e.g.BusinessNews-1|VocabularyScientistssaythattheyareharmfultotheheartandclogthearteries.科学家说那样的脂肪对心脏有害并阻塞血管。3.reinvent:

v.tochangeradicallytheappearance,form,orpresentationofsomethingorsomebody

e.g.BusinessNews-1|VocabularyItisnotjustinvestmentbanksandhedgefundsthatmustreinventtheirbusinessmodel.必须彻底改变经营模式的不仅是投资银行和对冲基金。BusinessNews-1|NotesTheNationalRetailFederation

(NRF)美国零售联合会

Theworld’slargest

retail

tradeassociation.

Itsmembersincludedepartmentstores,specialty,discount,Internet,andindependentretailers,chainrestaurants,andgrocerystores.Membersalsoincludebusinessesthatprovidegoodsandservicestoretailers,suchasvendorsandtechnologyproviders.NRFrepresentsanindustrythatcontainsover1.6millionU.S.retailestablishmentswithmorethan24millionemployeesand(2005)salesof$4.4trillion.NRFisalsoan

umbrellagroup

thatrepresentsmorethan100associationsofstate,nationalandinternationalretailers.1.candidate:n.

oneofthepeoplecompetinginan

election,forajoboraprize

e.g.BusinessNews-2|VocabularyHPhadbeenaprimecandidateforashareholdernominationsproposalnextyear.

惠普一直是明年股东提名建议的主要候选公司。2.mascot:

n.

apersonoranimalthatisadoptedbyateamorother

groupasasymbolicfiguree.g.BusinessNews-2|VocabularyThepowercompanyinHuaibeifemaleworkerspreparationoftheOlympicmascot淮北供电公司女职工准备的奥运吉祥物。BusinessNews-2|Notes1.DonaldTrump

U.S.President,realestatemogulandformerrealityTVstarDonaldJohnTrumpwasbornin1946,inQueens,NewYork.In1971,hebecameinvolvedinlarge,profitablebuildingprojectsinManhattan.In1980,heopenedtheGrandHyatt,whichmadehimthecity'sbest-knowndeveloper.In2004,TrumpbeganstarringinthehitNBCrealityseries

TheApprentice,

whichalsospawnedtheoffshoot

TheCelebrityApprentice.

Trumpturnedhisattentiontopolitics,andin2015he

announcedhiscandidacyforpresidentoftheUnitedStatesontheRepublicanticket.Afterwinningamajorityoftheprimariesandcaucuses,TrumpbecametheofficialRepublicancandidateforpresidentonJuly19,2016.ThatNovember,Trumpwaselectedthe45thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,afterdefeatingDemocraticcandidate

HillaryClinton

BusinessNews-2|Notes2.The

RepublicanParty共和党

Itisoneofthe

two

majorcontemporary

politicalpartiesintheUnitedStates,theotherbeingitshistoricrival,the

DemocraticParty.Thepartyisnamedafter

republicanism,thedominantvalueduringthe

AmericanRevolution.Itwasfoundedbyanti-slaveryactivists,modernists,ex-Whigs,andex-FreeSoilers

in1854.TheRepublicansdominatedpoliticsnationallyandinthemajorityofnorthernStatesformostoftheperiodbetween1860and1932.Therehavebeen19Republicanpresidents,themostfromanyoneparty.Thefirstwas16thpresident

AbrahamLincoln,whoservedfrom1861to1865,whenhewas

assassinated,andthemostrecentbeing45thandcurrentpresident

DonaldTrump,whotookofficeonJanuary20,2017.BusinessNews-2|CultureTipsHillaryClinton

(bornOctober26,1947)isanAmericanpoliticianwhowasthe67thUnitedStatesSecretaryofStatefrom2009to2013,U.S.SenatorfromNewYorkfrom2001to2009,FirstLadyoftheUnitedStatesfrom1993to2001andtheDemocraticParty’snomineeforPresidentoftheUnitedStatesinthe2016election.BorninChicago,IllinoisandraisedintheChicagosuburbofParkRidge,ClintongraduatedfromWellesleyCollegein1969andearnedaJ.D.fromYaleLawSchoolin1973.Afterservingasacongressionallegalcounsel,shemovedtoArkansasandmarriedBillClintonin1975.In1977,sheco-foundedArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies.ShewasappointedthefirstfemalechairoftheLegalServicesCorporationin1978andbecamethefirstfemalepartneratRoseLawFirmthefollowingyear.AsFirstLadyofArkansas,sheledataskforcewhoserecommendationshelpedreformArkansas’spublicschools.BusinessNews-2|CultureTipsHillaryClinton

AsFirstLadyoftheUnitedStates,Clintonwasanadvocateforgenderequalityandhealthcarereform.HerrelationshipwithherhusbandcameunderpublicspeculationduringtheLewinskyScandal,forcinghertoissueastatementreaffirminghercommitmenttothemarriage.Clintonwaselectedin2000asthefirstfemalesenatorfromNewYork.Shewasre-electedtotheSenatein2006.Runningforpresidentin2008,shewonfarmoredelegatesthananypreviousfemalecandidate,butlosttheDemocraticnominationtoBarackObama.BusinessNews-2|CultureTipsHillaryClinton

AsSecretaryofStateintheObamaadministrationfrom2009to2013,ClintonrespondedtotheArabSpring,duringwhichsheadvocatedtheU.S.militaryinterventioninLibya.ShehelpedorganizeadiplomaticisolationandinternationalsanctionsregimeagainstIran,inanefforttoforcecurtailmentofthatcountry’snuclearprogram;thiswouldeventuallyleadtothemultinationalJointComprehensivePlanofActionagreementin2015.LeavingofficeafterObama’sfirstterm,shewroteherfifthbookandundertookspeakingengagements.BusinessNews-2|CultureTipsHillaryClinton

Clintonmadeasecondpresidentialrunin2016.Shereceivedthemostvotesandprimarydelegatesinthe2016Democraticprimariesandformallyacceptedherparty'snominationforPresidentoftheUnitedStatesonJuly28,2016withvicepresidentialrunningmateSenatorTimKaine.ShebecamethefirstfemalecandidatetobenominatedforpresidentbyamajorU.S.politicalparty.Despitewinningapluralityofthenationalpopularvote,ClintonlosttheElectoralCollegeandthepresidencytoherRepublicanopponentDonaldTrump.[3]Followingherloss,in2017shedecidedtofocusonbeingaself-described“activistcitize.”1.manifest:

v.

tomakesomethingevidentbyshowingordemonstratingitveryclearly

Theirfrustrationandangerwill

manifest

itselfincryingandscreaming.

e.g.Passage-1|Vocabulary他们用哭泣与尖叫表达自己的沮丧和愤怒。

One

central

lesson

of

the

financial

crisis

was

that

markets

could

only

functionproperly

if

risk-takingwere

not

divorced

from

liability.2.risking-taking

:

n.actorfactofdoingsomethingthatinvolvesdangerorriskinordertoachieveagoale.g.Passage-1|Vocabulary

此次金融危机的一个重要教训是，如果冒险没有背离责任，市场只会合理运行。3.bottom-line:

n.

tomakesomethingevidentbyshowingordemonstratingitveryclearly

Iftheyunderstandhowyoumakemoney,theycanunderstandthelinkbetweentheirperformanceandthebottom-line.e.g.Passage-1|Vocabulary

如果他们了解你是如何赚钱的，他们就能够清楚的知道他们的表现和底线之间的联系。Passage-1|NotesUniversityofSouthernCalifornia

TheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaisaleadingprivateresearchuniversitylocatedinLosAngeles—aglobalcenterforarts,technologyandinternationalbusiness.ItishometotheCollegeofLetters,ArtsandSciencesand21exceptionalacademicschoolsandunits.USC’sHealthSciencescampushousesrenownedspecializedcareandresearchincancer,stemcellandregenerativemedicine,orthopedicsandsportsmedicine.TheuniversityisthelargestprivatesectoremployerinthecityofLosAngeles,responsiblefor$8billionannuallyineconomicactivityintheregion.

Passage-2

|Notes1.Singles’Day

Singles’DayorBachelors’Day,whichoriginatedfromNanjingUniversityin1993,wasinitiallycelebratedatvariousuniversitiesinNanjingduringthe1990s.Itgotthename“Singles’Day”becausethedateconsistsoffour“ones.”Upongraduating,thesecollegestudentscarriedtheuniversitytraditionintosociety.Singles’DayhasbeenlargelypopularizedintheInterneteraandisnowobservedbyyouthinseveralregionsoutsideChinaaswell.Passage-2

|Notes1.Singles’Day

Singles’Dayservesasanoccasionforsinglepeopletopartywithsinglefriends.Theholidaywasinitiallyonlycelebratedbyyoungmen,hencethename,“Bachelors’Day,”butisnowwidelycelebratedbybothsexes.Blinddate’partiesarealsopopularduringthisdayinanattempttobidgoodbyetotheirsinglelives.Someschoolsofauniversityputforwardaspecialprogramtogathersinglestogetherforcelebration.Singlesmaytakeonabemoaningorself-deprecatingattitudeforremainingsingleasauniversitystudent,butthishashelpedcurbthatnegativity.Passage-2

|Notes1.Singles’Day

2011markedthe“SinglesDayoftheCentury,”

thisdatehavingsix“ones”ratherthanfour—anexcusetotakecelebrationstoahigherlevel.ShoppingpromotionswerehighlightedthroughoutChinaandactivitieswerewidespread.Althoughthisdateismeanttocelebratesinglehood,thedesiretofindaspouseormateisoftenexpressedbyyoungChineseonthisdate,