雅思托福语法之主语从句

Nounclausesas

thesubject主语从句句子简朴句并列句复合句副词性从句形容词性从句名词性从句定语从句

主语从句subjectclause

宾语从句objectclause

表语从句predicativeclause

同位语从句appositiveclause比较状语从句地点状语从句时间状语从句让步状语从句条件状语从句目的状语从句方式状语从句成果状语从句原因状语从句Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Whathehassaidistrue.主语的四大体现形式(名词)

（不定式）（动名词）(从句）

主语从句(SubjectClause)主语从句的概念，什么是主语从句。在句子中充当主语的就是主语从句。Tips：英语名词从句成分的划分是根据句子在从句中的位置划分的，任何一种句子一旦位于某个成分的位置上，它就成了对应的......语从句。他通过了考试让老师很快乐。Hepassedtheexam.Itmadetheteacherhappy.Hepassedtheexammadetheteacherhappy.XHepassedtheexammakingtheteacherhappy.Hepassedtheexam,whichmadetheteacherhappy.Thathepassedtheexammadetheteacherhappy.理解主语从句他何时要来还不清晰。Whenwillhecome?Itisnotclear.Whenwillhecomeisnotclear.XWhenhewillcomeisnotclear.理解主语从句

主语从句+谓语主语从句的句序：

it（形主）+that（真主）陈说句（用that引导）一般疑问句（用whether引导）特殊疑问句（用when,where,why,how,who,whom,what,which,whose等引导）充当主语的句子一般疑问句作主语需要先将疑问句的倒装语序变成陈说句语序，并在句首加上whether来引导，以保留原句的疑问意义。他来不来参与我的聚会对我来说无所谓。Whetherhewillcometomypartymakesnodifferencetome.

特殊疑问句作主语需要先将疑问句的倒装语序变成陈说句语序。恐龙为何会灭绝目前还是个未解之谜。Whydinosaursbecameextinctisstillamystery.Whydiddinosaursbecomeextinctisstillamystery.X

主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有附属连词that,whether,if；连接代词who,whoever,whom,what,whatever,whose,which；连接副词when,where,how,why等。Part2：主语从句的引导词及各类主语从句一.that引导1.that引导的主语从句，不做成分，无意义，一般不能省略，在句中具有“两不”原则：一、不作句子成分；二、没有实际意义。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；假如用it作形式主语，则把主语从句放在句末。若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首用了形式主语it，则that可以省略。Itwasapity(that)youdidn'tgotothetalkThathewillcomeiscertain.1.主语从句有时为了使句子构造平衡,防止“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在背面。例如:1.That

hewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.______________________________________________________________________________2.Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural._____________________________________*it为形式主语Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadvice.这样就构成了下面某些常用句型:1)Itis/系动词+n.+从句Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是…Itisafact/aproblem/awonder/anhonner/asurprise/nowonder难怪/goodnews/agoodthing/aquestion/that……是事实Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识*_______________(很遗憾)welostthematch.*______________(这是事实)hecheatedintheexam.ItisapitythatItisafactthat2)Itis/系动词+adj.+从句常见的形容词是It’scertainthat…肯定…Itispossiblethat...很也许……Itis（un）likelythat...不也许……Itisobviousthat…很明显…Itisnecessary\important\natural\clear/right/strange/true/good/wonderful/quite/unusual/evident/worth-white/surprising/interesting/astonishing/doubtful/essential/...that…此类主语从句中，谓语动词诸多为（should)+动词原形*_________________(很也许)shewillcomebacktomorrow.*_________________(很明显)thismeasureiseffective.+(should)+do…ItispossiblethatItisobviousthat3)It+不及物动词+从句Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我忽然想起…*________________(刚好)Icameintotheofficeatthattime.*____________________(我忽然想起)Iforgettosenttheletter.IthappenedthatItoccurredtomethat4)It+be+过去分词+从句e.g.，advised有人说/announced据宣布/consider据认为/decided作出决定/foundout据查明/heard有人听说/hoped有人但愿/ordered根据命令/pointedout有人指出/remembered有人记得/told据告知/thought有人认为/turnedout成果/wellknown/estimated/expected/hoped//noted/required/demanded/madeclear/discussed/Itissaidthat...听说……Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisbelievedthat...据信……;人们相信……Itissuggestedthat+(should）do...提议……Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认……Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否认……Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是……*_________________(据报道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.*__________________(提议)weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercise.ItisreportedthatItissuggestedthat

5）It+特殊动词+that从句常用于这种特殊构造的动词；seem,appear显得，happen碰巧/doesn'tmatter/makenodifference/occured主语从句不可提前。2.主语从句不可位于句首的五种状况1）If引导的主语从句不可距于复合句句首2）It+be+过去分词+从句3）Itdoesn'tmatterhow/weather......构造中的主语从句不可提前。4）it+特殊动词+that从句常用于这种特殊构造的动词；seem,appear显得，happen碰巧/doesn'tmatter/makenodifference/occured主语从句不可提前。5）含主语从句的复合构造是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?二.whether/if引导的主语从句。附属连词whether,if使用方法whether使用方法，表疑问，与否，起连接作用。不做成分。1.引导多种名词从句，除否认的宾语从句外2.用在动词不定式前。Heseemedundecidedwhethertogoorstay.3.用在介词后Frequentlythequestionisraisedastowhethertranslationisascience,anart,oraskill.4.用在动词leave,put,discuss,doubt,wonder后。5.与ornot(直接连用）与否，会不会。Pleasetellmewhetherornotyouagreewithhim.6.与orno(直接连用）总之，无论怎样，不管与否Idon'tknowwhetherornoheiswell.7.与nomatter连用，不管与否。Nomatterwhetheritrainsornotitdoesn'tconcernme.8.引导让步状语从句whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面要用it作形式主语。两者只起连接作用，在从句中不做成分。It'sdoubtfulif/whetherthispaintingisaPicasso.【巩固练习】

用whether或if填空。(1)Itdoesn’tmatter___________hewill comeornot.(2)________we’llgocampingtomorrow dependsontheweather.(3)Itwasdoubtful___________Tom reallysawSharon.(4)________TomreallysawSharonwas doubtful.whether/ifWhetherwhether/ifWhether三.wh-类连接代词引导的主语从句。连接代词引导主语从句时，在句中既起连接作用，又再从句中充当主语，宾语。表语或定语。What

manyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwater…Whowilltakepartinthemeeting

hasnotbeendecided.Whoeverbreaksthelaw

willbepunished.Which

studentwillwinthefirstisuncertain.也是引导名词从句的易混点）四.连接副词引导的主语从句。when/where/why/how.连接副词在句中起连接作用，还在从句中充当成分。Whyhediditremainsamystery.Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.巧记主语从句整句作主语，其后单谓语莫忘加连词，that不略但无义''与否''置前用whether,其他应用靠翻译主语从句可后置，只需形式主语it把它替五.连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句的易混点1.wh-与wh-ever引导主语从句的区别（也是引导名词从句的区别）wh-表达疑问含义，而wh-ever无论......强调一切状况。whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho；whichever=any...that1)Whoeverleavestheroomoughttoturnoffthelights.(Whoever=Anyonewho)无论谁最终离开教室都应当把灯关掉。2)Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.(whatever=anythingthat)人们普遍认为，孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。3)Gotostampsalesandbuywhateveryoucanafford.到邮票销售点去，把可以买得起的邮票买下来。3.wh-ever和nomatterwh-的区别。wh-ever既可引导主语从句（或名词从句),又可引导让步状语从句，nomatterwh-只能引导让步状语从句，从句置于主句前后均可。Nomatterwhereyougo,youwillfindCoca-Cola.不管你去哪里,都会有可口可乐Notice:nomatter+wh-有时可用在句尾而没有动词跟在背面。如：I’llalwayshelpyou,nomatterwhat(happens).不管发生什么事，我都会一直如一地帮你。Wh-+ever与nomatter+wh-转换两者的意思相似，并且两者都可以引导让步状语从句，因此，引导让步状语从句时，两者可以互相转换。如：1)Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.无论你说什么，我都不相信。2)Whoever(=Nomatterwho)youare,youhavenorighttodothat.不管你是谁，你都没权那样做。3)Youcantakeitwithyouwherever(=nomatterwhere)yougo.无论你走到哪里，你都可以带着它。Notice:当wh-+ever引导主语从句、宾语从句时，不可与nomatter+wh-转换。注意4：who,which,how,when,where,why在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可以用形式主语it引导。可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句whethertheywouldsupportuswasaproblem5.对于关系代词型what引导的主语从句，一般直接将主语从句放在句首。whatweneedismoney.6.假如句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的构造。Howisitthatyouarelateagain?Completethesentencesusingwhat,whether,where,

when,who,why,how

or

that.1.(________isneededforsuccess)isyourhardwork.3.(________wewillgotomorrow)hasn’t

beendecidedyet.2.(______theywillarrive)hasbeentoldtotheteacher.4.(___canjoininthesportmeet)isdecidedbytheteacher.5.(________itwillrainornot)isnotclear.7.(______theearthisasolidball)isknowntousall.WhatWhen/HowWhere/WhetherWhoWhetherThat6.(______theearthisbecomingwarm)isagoodtopicforresearch.Why主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Conclusion:1.whatever可以单独作引导词，引导名词性从句或状语从句，也可与名词一起引导名词性从句或状语从句；2.what可以单独作引导词，也可接名词一起引导名词性从句；3.whichever可以单独作引导词，也可接名词一起引导名词性从句或状语从句；4.whoever引导名词性从句或状语从句；105.whomever引导名词性从句或状语从句，此时它在从句中作宾语，可以用whoever代替；由此可见，what只能引导名词性从句，而whatever，whichever，whoever,whomever既可以引导名词性从句又可以引导状语从句；whoever,whomever是纯粹引导词，直接引导从句，而what，whatever，whichever可充当形容词后接名词，此时与后面的名词连用一起引导从句。10第四讲主语从句需注意的问题1.主语从句中用陈说语序WhatsheisafraidofistheirtakinghertoParis.(Whatissheafraidof…Wrong)2.主语从句做主语时，句子谓语单复数问题（1）主语从句后谓语动词一般用第三人称单数；（2）what引导的从句作主语谓语一般用单数；若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词常用复数。Thattheyhaven’tphonedisstrange.whatshesaidiswrong.whatweneedarebooks.Rememberit

（3）.假如由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数；（4）.由两个或多种连接词引导一种主语从句，谓语动词用单数。1）Howandwhyhedidtheexperimentareunknowntoall.2）Howhedidtheexperimentandwhyhedidtheexperimentisunknowntoall.3）Whenhedidtheexperimenthasnotbeendecidedyet.练一练判断下列句子与否对的√×

isare×3.that引导的主语从句中，that不可被省略Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.第五讲what与that在引导主语从句时的区别： 观测下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结 其规律。(1)Whatyoulackisself-confidence.译为：_________________________你所缺乏的是自信。(2)Thatmoreandmorestudentsare admittedintouniversitiesistrue.译为：______________________________________________________(3)Whatisneededfortheprogramis morewisdom.译为：_____________________________这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。越来越多的学生将被大学录取的消息是真实的。从上面例句可以看出，that引导主语从句时，在句中具有“两不”原则：一、不作句子成分；二、没有实际意义。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；假如用it作形式主语，则把主语从句放在句末。而what引导的从句则恰恰相反，what在从句中的作用为：一、作句子成分；二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还要承担详细的意义。结论；what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that引导从句，不充当成分。Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.你昨天说的是对的。(what引导主语从句，作said的宾语)ThatEnglishisimportantisanundoubtedfact.英语很重要是一种不容置疑的事实。(that引导主语从句，不作任何成分，但不可省略)【巩固练习】

用what或that填空。(1)_____hetoldusthismorningwas justalie.(2)_____isimportanttousisenough time.(3)Itworriesmymom_____sheis beginningtogetalittlefat.(4)_____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan _____wehave.WhatWhatthatWhatwhatwhat含义上相当于汉语的“所”字结构或“的”字结构，表达人或物(含时间，地点，数目等)，相当于定语从句中“先行词＋关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词。第六讲It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语替代主语从句，重要是为了平衡句子构造，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.主语从句与强调句型的区别1．主语从句中的it可以用that从句代替，强调句型不可以。如：Itisnecessarythatweshouldattendthemeetingontime.＝Thatweshouldattendthemeetingisnecessary.2．强调句型中Itis/was和that之间的部分叫被强调部分，当把Itis/was和that三个单词去掉时，被强调部分可以还原到句子适当位置，而在含有主语从句的句子中Itis/was和that之间的部分叫表语，不可置于其他位置。第七讲主语从句中的虚拟语气1）.用于Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossiblethat...句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用\“should+动词原形\”的形式,should有时可以省略。2)在It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required中,that从句的谓语也应当用\“should+动词原形\”的形式,should有时可以省略。Iinsistedthathe（should）doitatonce.

Shesuggestedthatthework（should）befinishedatonce.

Themayororderedthatthebridge(should)berepairedassoonaspossbile.注意：在suggest,insist,demand,order,require等表达提议，命令，规定的动词后，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如：5.wish后，从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，即

wishthat…did/were…(跟目前相反)would+do(跟未来相反)haddone(跟过去相反)wouldratherthatsbdidsth\sbhaddonePractice!1.能不能获利要看我们能否得到他们的合作。Whetherwecanmakeprofitdependsonifwecangettheircorporation.2.让她感到最吃惊的是，当她回到家的时候房子几乎是空的，所有的家俱全被搬走了。Whatsurprisedhermostwasthatwhenshereturnedhome,thehousewasnearlyemptyandallthefurniturehadbeenmovedout.3.委员会还没有决定给谁奖学金。Thecommitteehasnotdecidedwhomtheywillgivefinancialaidsto./whowillbegivenfinancialaids.

Practice!4.政府与否应当在艺术上花费金钱是一种有争议的问题。Whetherthegovernmentshouldspendmoneyonartsisacontroversialquestion.5.工业世界的重要问题是还没找到一种不增长失业率就能减少通货膨胀的措施。Themainproblemoftheindustrialworldisithasnotfoundawaytoreduceinflationwithoutincreasingunemployment.6.对一种聪颖的人来说，让自己熟知每个领域的知识是也许的。Itispossibletoanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwitheverybranchofknowledge.Practice!7.然而，今天，我们很少听说，某个音乐家刚刚发明了一种新型的潜水艇。However,today,weseldomhearthatamusicianhasjustinv