2025届河北省保定市部分校高三下学期考前冲刺英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河北省保定市部分校2025届高三下学期考前冲刺英语试题第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whydoesthewomanmakethephonecall?A.Toreturnsomething.B.Tohaveherelectronicsfixed.C.Tofigureouttheopeninghours.【答案】C【原文】M:FelixElectronics.ThisisLucasspeaking.Doyouneedtoreturnsomethingorhavesomethingfixed?W:Actually,Ijustwanttofindoutwhenyou’llbeopeninthemorning.2.WhatisAndy?A.Ateacher. B.Astudent. C.Alibrarian.【答案】B【原文】W:Hello,Andy!Putyourpencildownandcloseyourbook.Nomoreschool,youarefreetogo!It’sFriday.Youdeserveabreak.M:Cheers!MissGlen.3.WhenwillRichardgoonholiday?A.InJune. B.InJuly. C.InAugust.【答案】C【原文】W:Hi,Richard!AreyougoingtostartyourholidayinJune?M:IwasthinkingaboutgoingtoAfricainJuly,butmyparentssuggestedAugustbecausetheywantedtogowithme.SoIhavetowaitlonger.4.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Havingdinner. B.Preparingforaparty. C.Shoppingatastore.【答案】B【原文】W:Jason,thedinnerpartybeginsinjustfortyminutes.Weshouldgetgoingandyouhaven’tgotdressedyet.M:I’mconsideringwhethertowearasuitandatie.W:That’sOK.5.Whatseemstobetheman’sproblem?A.Heisdisturbedbythenoise.B.Hedislikesshoppingonline.C.Hegetsboredofreading.【答案】A【原文】W:Hi,whatareyoudoing?M:Oh,Ihadplannedtodosomereadingtoday,butIjustcan’tconcentrate.Thenoiseoutsideisveryannoying.W:Thencomeandshoponlinewithme!M:OK.Ihategoingtostores.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.HowwillthewomantravelaroundItaly?A.Byplane. B.Bytrain. C.Bycar.7.Wherewillthewomangofirsttomorrow?A.Theclothesshop. B.Thepostoffice. C.Thebank.【答案】6.B7.A【原文】M:Areyougoingtotakeavacationthisyear?W:Yes.We’regoingtospendtwoweeksinItaly.M:Luckyyou.Areyouflyingaroundthecountry?W:No.We’retakingthetrain.It’sgoingtobearealadventure.M:Areyoureadytogo?W:Almost.I’mgoingtodoafewlast-minutethingstomorrow.First,I’mdrivingtobuysomesummerclothes,andthenIneedtogotothebanktoexchangesomemoney.M:Ihearthenearestbankisunderrepair.You’dbettergototheonenearthepostoffice.W:OK.Thanksforremindingmeofthat.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatwillthewomanmajorin?A.Law. B.Engineering. C.Psychology.9.Whatisthewomanworriedabout?A.Heroldage. B.Herkids’growth. C.Lackoftimetostudy.10.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardthewoman’sdecision?A.Supportive. B.Carefree. C.Disapproving.【答案】8.C9.C10.A【原文】M:Whenareyougoingtocompleteyourcourseinpsychology?W:I’msigninguptogobackinthespring.M:You’realready36.Aren’tyouworriedthatyou’realittletoooldtobegoingbacktoschool?W:Notreally.Myfriend’sunclejustgothisengineeringdegreeafterbeingawayforthreedecades!I’mmoreworriedaboutfindingtimetoreadmytextbooksandwritepapers.Thekidsusuallytakeupallmytimeintheevenings.Itisgoingtobeatoughtime.M:Iunderstand,butitisworthwhile.Ijusthopeyouareabletograduatesmoothly.Iwanttoseethatyouareassuccessfulasyourbrother.Ittookhimalongtimetobecomealawyer,butnowhe’shappierthanever.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.Whatwillthespeakersdo?A.Gocycling. B.Dosomeshopping. C.Finishtheirhomework.12.WhydoesJerrysuggestgoingtotherestaurantabitearly?A.Toavoidthecrowds.B.Togetagreatdiscount.C.Toleavemoretimeforachat.13.WhenwillthewomanmeetJerry?A.At11:00. B.At11:30. C.At12:00.【答案】11.B12.A13.B【原文】W:Jerry,haveyoufinishedyourhomework?M:Well,there’snohomeworkthisweekend.W:Awesome!It’salovelydaytoday!Whatwouldyouliketodo?M:Ireallyfeellikedoingsomethingoutdoors.Perhapswecouldgocycling.W:Mm,I’mnotreallyinthemoodforcycling.Whydon’twegoshoppinginthedowntown?Wecanchatabouttheschooltripwitheachother.M:Thatsuitsme.Butitwilltakeanhourortwo.Shallwehaveamealatthenewrestaurantfirst,andthengotothemall?W:Great!So,whenshouldwemeet?Howabout12:00?M:We’dbettergettotherestaurantabitearlybecauseithasgoodbusiness.Therearealwaysmanycustomerswaitingforseats,thoughthere’snodiscountthisweek.Whataboutgettingthereby11:00?W:Er,canImakeithalfanhourlater?IhavetovisitmygrandmathismorningandIdon’tthinkIcanmakeitbythen.M:Noproblem.I’llgostraighttotherestaurantandwaitforyou.W:Great!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.Whatservicedoesthewomantrytosell?A.Computerlessons.B.AnairfaretoHawaii.C.Amembershipofasportsclub.15.Whydoesthemanturndownthewoman?A.Hehasnoextramoney.B.Hedislikestelemarketing.C.Hedoesn’tneedtheservice.16.Howwillthewomandealwiththeman’snumber?A.Removeitfromthelist.B.Keepitonthecomputer.C.Giveittoanotherperson.【答案】14.C15.C16.B【原文】M:Hello,thisisCarlPhilipsspeaking.Who’sthat?W:Goodevening,Mr.Philips.Ihavegreatnewsforyou.Youareofferedaspecialreductionon…M:Oh,letmeguess.YouwanttosellmeagreatdealonairfaretoHawaii,right?Or,anunbelievablebargainoncomputerlessons?W:No,no.Actuallywewanttoofferyouamembershiptooursportsclubinthedowntown.Youonlyneedtospendfiftydollars.M:Fiftydollars?Ithoughtyousaidfree!Uh,listen.I’mnotinterested.Thereisnoneedformetoexerciseintheclub.W:Well,itincludesunlimiteduseoftheweightrooms,swimmingpooland…M:Well,ithasnothingtodowithme.IhavemyownfitnessprogramIdoaroundtheparknearby.SoIdon’tneeditatall.W:Butthisisagooddeal.M:LikewhatIsaid,I’llpassthistime.Andpleaseputmeonyour“donotcall”list.W:OK.It’lltakemeabouttwotothreemonthsbeforeyournameisremovedfromourcomputer.Youmightbecalledbyanotherpersonduringthattime.M:Oh,dear!听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Whatdidthespeakerdecidetodoaftergraduation?A.MovetoChina.B.FurtherherstudyinChina.C.DoresearchonChineseculture.18.Whoencouragedthespeakertotalkmuchwiththelocals?A.Herfriends. B.Herfamily. C.Hercolleagues.19.HowdidthespeakerlearnChinesewell?A.Bytakingacourse.B.Bywatchingmovies.C.Byspeakingwiththenatives.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.HerimpressionofChina.B.HerexperienceoflearningChinese.C.TheinfluenceofChinesecultureonher.【答案】17.A18.A19.C20.B【原文】W:Chinaisafamouscountrywithextremelyrichculture.I’vewatchedalotofChinesemoviesandreadpicturebooksaboutthecountrysinceIwasakid.I’mdeeplyfascinatedwithChineseculture.IlovedChinesefood,too.AfterIgraduatedfromcollege,Imadeanimportantdecision.IfoundajobinChinaanddecidedtosettledowninthecountry.ThoughIcouldcommunicatewithothersinEnglishafterIcametothecountry,IknewImustspeakChinesewellifI’dliketolearnwellaboutChineseculture.Iwaseagertounderstandmysurroundingsandeverythingthatwasgoingon.Myfriendsencouragedmetohavedeeperconversationswithlocalpeople.ItriedhardtocreategoodrelationshipswithChinesepeoplearoundme.AllofthemwerefriendlytomeandImadegreatprogress.Ididn’ttakeaChinesecourseatalanguageschool.Iboughtsomebooksandwatchedlotsofrecordingvideostoteachmyselfthelanguage.Meanwhile,Iseizedeveryopportunitytotalkwithothersinit.IrealizedwhatIreallyshoulddowastotalkwithpeoplearoundme.TodaytenyearshavepassedandI’mstilllivingahappylifeinChina.NowIhavenotroubleincommunicatingwithChinesepeople.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APROMYSisasummerprograminmathematicsforstronglymotivatedhighschoolstudentswhoarecarefullyselectedfromacrosstheU.S.andaroundtheworld.Foundedin1989,PROMYSisaresidentialprogramheldonthecampusofBostonUniversity.KeyDatesPROMYS2025:June29-August9,2025AdmissionsDecisions:byApril30,2025ApplicationDeadline:March3,2025at11:59pmESTCostandFinancialAid&ScholarshipsPROMYSisFREEfordomesticstudentswhosefamiliesmakeunder$80,000peryear.PleaseseetheFinancialAid&Scholarshipspagetolearnaboutfullandpartialneed-basedfinancialaid(includingroomandboard),scholarships,fellowships,andotherawards.Financialaidforinternationalstudentsisconsideredonacase-by-casebasis.Costin2025:Upto$7,000fortheresidentialprogram,dependingonfinancialaidaward.QualificationCriteriaStudentsmustsatisfyALLthefollowingcriteriabythefirstdayoftheprogram:※Beatleast14yearsold※Havecompleted9thgrade※Notyetenrolledasafull-timecollegeoruniversitystudentApplicationProcessFourcomponentsoftheapplicationmustbesubmittedbythedeadline:※solutionstoachallengingmathsproblemset※letterofrecommendation※highschoolreportcard※applicationformwhichincludesshortanswers21.WhoisthemostsuitablecandidatetoapplyforPROMYS2025?A.A14-year-oldpart-timecollegestudent.B.A15-year-oldU.S.student,completed9thgrade.C.A16-year-oldinternationalstudentinfull-timecollege.D.A13-year-oldU.S.student,completed9thgrade,skippedagrade.22.WhatdoesPROMYSrequirestudentstodo?A.Putforwardamathproblem. B.Respondtocertainquestions.C.Finishseniorhighschoolstudies. D.Submitpersonalfinancialreports.23.Whatispassageintendedtodo?A.Todocument. B.Tocompare.C.Toanalyze. D.Toinform.【答案】21.B22.B23.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了PROMYS，一项针对有强烈学习动机的高中生的数学暑期项目。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据QualificationCriteria部分“※Beatleast14yearsold(至少14岁)”；“※Havecompleted9thgrade(已完成九年级学业)”以及“※Notyetenrolledasafull-timecollegeoruniversitystudent(尚未注册成为全日制大学生)”可知，合适的申请者需满足至少14岁、完成九年级学业且未成为全日制大学生的条件。故选B项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据ApplicationProcess部分“※applicationformwhichincludesshortanswers(※包含简短回答的申请表)”可知，PROMYS要求学生对某些问题进行回应，比如申请表中的简短回答。故选B项。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“PROMYSisasummerprograminmathematicsforstronglymotivatedhighschoolstudentswhoarecarefullyselectedfromacrosstheU.S.andaroundtheworld.Foundedin1989,PROMYSisaresidentialprogramheldonthecampusofBostonUniversity.(PROMYS是一个面向数学的暑期项目，专门针对那些来自美国及世界各地、经过精心选拔的、有强烈学习动机的高中生。该项目成立于1989年，是一个寄宿制项目，地点设在波士顿大学校园内。)”可知，此处介绍了PROMYS项目的基本情况，结合下文介绍的其关键日期、费用与资助、资格标准以及申请流程等信息可知，本文的目的是告知读者关于该项目的相关内容。故选D项。BI’dassumedADHDwasaboutnaughty(淘气的)childrenperformingbadlyatschool.Ihad,however,alwayshadanoveractivebrain.Iexperiencedaconstantandrapidstreamofideas,annoyingmymother,whowasoftentellingmeto“switchthatbrainoff”.Iwasalsoadaydreamerandveryemotionallysensitive.Thisinternalizedenergyhadnowheretogo,soitpresentedasanxiety.Ididn’tknowthesesymptomsaremarksofADHDinfemales.Itwasn’tuntilanunluckyattemptataPh.D.thattheanxietybecameproblematic.Iwasunabletofinishthework,sowroteitupasamaster’s.Emotionallydamaged,Iescapedfromacademia.Iwasmisdiagnosed(被误诊)withgeneralizedanxietydisorder.Yetmyloveforsciencedidn’tgoaway.IeventuallywentbacktocompletemyPh.D.inatopicIfeltpassionateaboutandthenpursuedaresearchcareer.Oneday,mymothertoldmeaboutafriend’schildwhowasanadultwithADHD,whichsoundedalotlikeme.Withintheyear,Ireceivedanofficial,accuratediagnosis.IbitterlythoughttomyselfthatifmyADHDhadbeendetectedearlier,ImighthavedealtbetterwiththenegativefirstPh.D.experienceandcontinuedmystudiesratherthanleavingacademia.ButIalsocametounderstandhowADHDhasgivenmeuniquestrengths.I’vesincerealizedmydiverseabilitiesandcreativitymakemeaninnovativeinterdisciplinary(跨学科的)thinker,whichisahugebenefitinacademia.Ialsorealizedmyemotionalintelligenceandinfectiousenergymakemeagoodleader,whilemytendencytobecomeintenselyabsorbedininterestingactivitiesmeansIworkwelltomeetdeadlines.AyearintomyADHDdiagnosis,I’veestablisheddailywell-beinghabitsandI’mtakingmedication.Thankstothese,combinedwithmyADHDsuperpowers,I’mnowmakingprogressinmycareerandfinallybeginningtobelieveIhavewhatittakestosucceedinscience.24.WhatdoweknowaboutADHD?A.Itmakesthinkingpatternsrigid. B.Itharmspatients’sleepquality.C.Itresultsfromchildhoodpains. D.Itleadstounrealisticthoughts.25.Whathappenedtotheauthorafterthemisdiagnosis?A.Herpassionforsciencegrew. B.Heranxietybecameapparent.C.Shereturnedtoacademiccircles. D.Sheacquiredhermaster’sdegree.26.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialreactiontoanADHDdiagnosis?A.Regret. B.Anxiety.C.Helplessness. D.Awkwardness.27.Whatcontributestotheauthor’scareerprogress?A.Strongphysicaladaptability. B.Positivethinkingadjustment.C.Couragetopushthelimits. D.Confidenceinherwisdom.【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从对ADHD的错误认知,到经历误诊,再到最终被准确诊断出患有ADHD的经历和感悟。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Iwasalsoadaydreamerandveryemotionallysensitive.Thisinternalizedenergyhadnowheretogo,soitpresentedasanxiety.Ididn’tknowthesesymptomsaremarksofADHDinfemales.(我也是一个做白日梦的人，情绪非常敏感。这种内化的能量无处可去，因此表现为焦虑。我不知道这些症状是女性ADHD的标志)”可知,作者患有ADHD，是个空想家，会有不切实际的想法。故选D。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Yetmyloveforsciencedidn’tgoaway.IeventuallywentbacktocompletemyPh.D.inatopicIfeltpassionateaboutandthenpursuedaresearchcareer.(然而，我对科学的热爱并没有消失。我最终回去完成了我感兴趣的一个主题的博士学位，然后开始了研究生涯)”可知，尽管离开，作者对科学的热爱未消失，最终重返学术界完成博士并从事科研。即作者在被误诊后还是回到了学术界。故选C。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“IbitterlythoughttomyselfthatifmyADHDhadbeendetectedearlier,ImighthavedealtbetterwiththenegativefirstPh.D.experienceandcontinuedmystudiesratherthanleavingacademia.(我痛苦地想，如果我的ADHD早点被发现，我可能会更好地处理第一个博士学位的负面经历，继续我的研究，而不是离开学术界)”可推知，作者最初得知自己患有ADHD时充满了遗憾，觉得如果早被诊断出来，就可以更好地处理之前的问题。故选A。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ButIalsocametounderstandhowADHDhasgivenmeuniquestrengths.(但我也开始明白ADHD是如何给我带来独特优势的)”和最后一段“AyearintomyADHDdiagnosis,I’veestablisheddailywell-beinghabitsandI’mtakingmedication.Thankstothese,combinedwithmyADHDsuperpowers,I’mnowmakingprogressinmycareerandfinallybeginningtobelieveIhavewhatittakestosucceedinscience.(在我被诊断为ADHD一年后，我已经建立了日常的健康习惯，并且正在服用药物。多亏了这些，再加上我的ADHD超能力，我现在在职业生涯中取得了进步，终于开始相信我有能力在科学上取得成功)”可推知，作者认识到ADHD给她带来的独特优势，并且通过建立日常健康习惯、服药，加上对ADHD的积极认识和思维调整，使她在事业上取得了进步。故选B。CAteamfromRutgersNewJerseyMedicalSchoolfoundthatmicelackingaspecificgenedevelopedanunusuallypowerfulformofbrownfattissue,whichimprovedlongevityandincreasedexercisecapacitybyapproximately30%.Theteamisnowworkingonadrugtoreplicatetheseeffectsinhumans.“Exercisecapacityreducesasyougetolder,andtohaveatechniquethatcouldenhanceexerciseperformancewouldbeverybeneficialforhealthfulaging,”saidStephenVatner,seniorauthorofthestudyinAgingCell.Thisstudyrevealedbrownfatimprovesbloodflowtomusclesduringphysicalactivity.Thegeneticallymodifiedmiceproducedunusuallyhighamountsofactivebrownfatandshowedabout30%betterexerciseperformancethannormalmice,bothinspeedandtimetoexhaustion.Themodifiedmice,whichlackaproteincalledRGS14,liveabout20%longerthannormalmice,withfemaleslivinglongerthanmales.Evenatadvancedages,theymaintainahealthierappearanceandwitnessnolossofhairandgrayingthatappearinnormalelderlymice.Theirbrownfattissuealsoprotectsthemfromcertaindiseases.Theresearchersalsotransplanted(移植)thebrownfattonormalmice.Theynotedthattherecipientsgainedsimilarbenefitswithindays.Transplantsusingregularbrownfatfromnormalmice,bycontrast,tookeightweekstoproducemuchslighterimprovements.Thediscoverycouldeventuallyprolongthetotaltimewhenpeopleenjoygoodmentalandphysicalhealth.Ratherthandevelopatreatmentthataddressesagingbroadly,Vatnersaidhisteamplanstotestforspecificbenefitssuchasimprovedexercisecapacityandmetabolism(新陈代谢).Inthemeantime,techniquessuchasicebathscanincreasebrownfatnaturally.Studieshavefoundsucheffortsproducedshort-termbenefitsthatrangefromenhancedimmunesystemfunctiontoimprovedmetabolichealth,butVatnersaidnoneofthestudieshaverunlongenoughtofindanyeffectonhealthfulaging.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“replicate”meaninparagraph1?A.Exam. B.Copy. C.Lighten. D.Explain.29.Whatdidthestudyfindaboutbrownfat?A.Itisproducedbyacertainprotein. B.Itisusedtotreatspecificillnesses.C.Itreducesexercise-relatedinjuries. D.Ithelpsmaintainexercisetolerance.30.Whyweretwodifferenttransplantsconducted?A.Tostresstransplantingbrownfatishard. B.Toshowtheunderlyinglogictransplants.C.Tocomparefunctionsoftwotransplants. D.Toprovebrownfatbenefitsnormalmice.31.WhatisVatner’sattitudetowarddeliberatecoldexposure?A.Mindful. B.Unclear. C.Pessimistic. D.Approving.【答案】28.B29.D30.C31.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要揭示缺失RGS14蛋白的小鼠因棕色脂肪异常活跃获得运动与寿命双重提升，该脂肪移植可快速改善受体健康，研究团队正开发靶向药物，同时指出自然激活棕色脂肪的短期效益明确但长期抗衰效果待验证。【28题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“AteamfromRutgersNewJerseyMedicalSchoolfoundthatmicelackingaspecificgenedevelopedanunusuallypowerfulformofbrownfattissue,whichimprovedlongevityandincreasedexercisecapacitybyapproximately30%.Theteamisnowworkingonadrugtoreplicatetheseeffectsinhumans.(罗格斯大学新泽西医学院的一个研究小组发现，缺乏特定基因的小鼠会发育出一种异常强大的棕色脂肪组织，这可以延长寿命，并将运动能力提高约30%。该团队目前正在研发一种药物，以在人体内replicate这些效果。)”可知,研究团队发现缺少特定基因的老鼠产生了一种强大的棕色脂肪组织，带来了提高寿命和运动能力的效果，现在团队正在研制一种药物，目的应该是在人类身上实现同样的效果，也就是“复制”这些效果，划线单词表示“复制”，与Copy意义相近。故选B。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thisstudyrevealedbrownfatimprovesbloodflowtomusclesduringphysicalactivity.Thegeneticallymodifiedmiceproducedunusuallyhighamountsofactivebrownfatandshowedabout30%betterexerciseperformancethannormalmice,bothinspeedandtimetoexhaustion.(这项研究表明，棕色脂肪可以在体育活动中改善肌肉的血液流动。转基因小鼠产生了异常高的活性棕色脂肪，在运动速度和疲劳时间方面比正常小鼠高出约30%。)”可知，该研究表明棕色脂肪在身体活动时能改善肌肉的血液流动，经过基因改造的老鼠产生大量活跃的棕色脂肪，其运动表现比正常老鼠好约30%，无论是速度还是到筋疲力尽的时间上。由此可知，棕色脂肪有助于维持运动耐力。故选D。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theresearchersalsotransplanted(移植)thebrownfattonormalmice.Theynotedthattherecipientsgainedsimilarbenefitswithindays.Transplantsusingregularbrownfatfromnormalmice,bycontrast,tookeightweekstoproducemuchslighterimprovements.(研究人员还将棕色脂肪移植到正常小鼠身上。他们指出，受助者在几天内获得了类似的福利。相比之下，使用正常小鼠的常规棕色脂肪进行移植需要八周的时间才能产生轻微的改善。)”可知，转基因小鼠的棕色脂肪移植后，正常小鼠几天内获得显著益处：普通小鼠的棕色脂肪移植后，需八周才出现轻微改善。原文明确提到两种移植方式的结果对比，这种对比旨在比较两种移植的功能差异。故选C。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inthemeantime,techniquessuchasicebathscanincreasebrownfatnaturally.Studieshavefoundsucheffortsproducedshort-termbenefitsthatrangefromenhancedimmunesystemfunctiontoimprovedmetabolichealth,butVatnersaidnoneofthestudieshaverunlongenoughtofindanyeffectonhealthfulaging.(与此同时，冰浴等技术可以自然增加棕色脂肪。研究发现，这些努力产生了短期效益，从增强免疫系统功能到改善代谢健康，但Vatner表示，这些研究都没有足够长的时间来发现对健康衰老的任何影响。)”可知,Vatner提到像冰浴这样的技术可以自然增加棕色脂肪，并且这些努力能带来短期益处，但同时也指出相关研究持续时间不够长，还不能确定对健康衰老的影响。由此推知，他对刻意暴露在寒冷环境(如冰浴)这种方式是持谨慎态度的。故选A。DSocialexchangetheory(SET)posits(假设)thatsocialbehavioremergesfromanexchangeprocess.Aprominenttheoreticalframeworkinsociology,SETconceptualizes(使形成概念)interactionsasabilateralprocessinvolvingtworeciprocalactions:givingandreceiving.ManypsychologistsarguethatSETisdeeplyindividualistic,asitsuggestsindividualsevaluatesocialinteractionsbasedonpersonalgains.Accordingtothistheory,decisionsandbehaviorsaredrivenbyself-servingmotivations,governedbytheformula(公式):Profit=RewardofInteraction—CostofInteraction.DevelopedbyGeorgeHomansin1958,SETcentersontwocoreprinciples:self-interestandinterdependence.Duringexchanges,individualsprioritizetheireconomicandpsychologicalneeds,whilemutualreliancebetweenpartiesformsthebasisofsocialinteractions.Theoutcomeofthisinterdependenceshapesrelationaldynamics:positiveresultssustaincooperation,whereasnegativeoutcomesendpartnerships.SETexplainsthebehaviorofpeoplewhileexchangingsomething.Itisthestudyofhumanbehavioraccordingtosituations.Therearevarioustakeawaysofthistheory.Costsrefertoanything,includingtime,effort,andmoney.Rewardscanbeanything,suchasthesenseofacceptance,support,andcompanionship.Resourcesareanygoods,materialorsymbolic,whichcanbeconveyedthroughinterpersonalbehaviorandgiveonepersonthecapacitytorewardanother.UnderstandingSETfostersbalancedrelationshipsbyclarifyingpersonalinvestmentsandothers’costs.However,criticsnotethetheoryoveremphasizesrewardswhileoverlookingculturalvariability,portrayingindividualsasinherentlyself-interestedandreward-driven.32.Whatistheprimarypurposeofexchangetheory?A.Tofacilitatesocialharmony. B.Tomaximizepersonalbenefits.C.Torespecteveryone’suniqueness. D.Toforeseeinterpersonalconflicts.33.WhatmightbethefeatureofSET?A.Itisbasedonsympathy. B.Itgainswidepopularity.C.Itexploresone’sinnermotives. D.Itseekslastingcooperation.34.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlyfocusonaboutSET?A.Itsbasicconcepts. B.Itscomplexsteps.C.Itsvitalprinciples. D.Itsusualexamples.35.WhatisthestrengthordrawbackofSET?A.Itfailstoprovideamicroview. B.Itoversimplifieshumannature.C.Itshowcasesculturalrelativity. D.Itestablishesafairglobalorder.【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社会交换理论。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“ManypsychologistsarguethatSETisdeeplyindividualistic,asitsuggestsindividualsevaluatesocialinteractionsbasedonpersonalgains.Accordingtothistheory,decisionsandbehaviorsaredrivenbyself-servingmotivations,governedbytheformula(公式):Profit-RewardofInteraction-CostofInteraction.(许多心理学家认为该理论具有强烈的个人主义倾向，因为它主张个体会基于个人收益评估社交互动。根据该理论，决策和行为受利己动机驱动，遵循公式：利润=互动回报－互动成本。)”可知,社会交换理论中个人以自身获得的利益来衡量所有社会互动,个人的决策和行动都基于自我服务的动机，其预测行为的公式也是围绕互动的收益和成本来计算“利润”，由此推知,该理论的主要目的是使个人利益最大化。故选B。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ManypsychologistsarguethatSETisdeeplyindividualistic,asitsuggestsindividualsevaluatesocialinteractionsbasedonpersonalgains.Accordingtothistheory,decisionsandbehaviorsaredrivenbyself-servingmotivations(许多心理学家认为该理论具有强烈的个人主义倾向，因为它主张个体会基于个人收益评估社交互动。根据该理论，决策和行为受利己动机驱动)”和第二段中“Duringexchanges,individualsprioritizetheireconomicandpsychologicalneeds,whilemutualreliancebetweenpartiesformsthebasisofsocialinteractions.(交换过程中，个体优先考虑自身经济与心理需求，而双方的相互依赖构成了社会互动的基础。)”可知,社会交换理论探讨的是个人在社会互动中基于自身利益和需求的内在动机。故选C。【34题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“SETexplainsthebehaviorofpeoplewhileexchangingsomething.Itisthestudyofhumanbehavioraccordingtosituations.Therearevarioustakeawaysofthistheory.Costsrefertoanything,includingtime,effort,andmoney.Rewardscanbeanything,suchasthesenseofacceptance,support,andcompanionship.Resourcesareanygoods,materialorsymbolic,whichcanbeconveyedthroughinterpersonalbehaviorandgiveonepersonthecapacitytorewardanother.(SET理论解释人们在交换物品时的行为。它研究的是人类在不同情境下的行为。该理论包含许多要点。成本指任何事物，包括时间、精力和金钱。奖励可以是任何事物，例如被接纳、被支持和被陪伴的感觉。资源指任何可以通过人际行为传递，并赋予一个人奖励他人的能力的商品，无论是物质的还是象征性的。)”可知,本段详细解释了SET的基本构成要素,包括成本（时间、精力、金钱）、奖励（接纳感、支持等）和资源（物质或象征性商品）。这些内容属于理论的基础概念，而非步骤或例子。故选A。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However,criticsnotethetheoryoveremphasizesrewardswhileoverlookingculturalvariability,portrayingindividualsasinherentlyself-interestedandreward-driven.(但批评者指出，该理论过度强调回报，忽视文化差异性，将人描绘为本质上的利己主义和利益驱动者。)”可知,整个社会交换理论只关注奖励，忽视了文化背景和文化差异，把人简单地描述成个人主义和追求奖励的人。由此推知，SET过度简化了人性。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Acompany’scultureislikeanecosysteminvolvingacomplexnetwork,whichincludesemployees,andthetechnology,systems,etcwithwhichweneedtowork.Justlikethat,wehavevariationsofindividual’spersonalities,asbusinessculturecanvaryfromcompanytocompany.___36___Culturalfitisbasicallyjustaboutpairingpeoplewithbusinessculture.Aculturallyfittingemployeeissomeonewhofitssmoothlywithinthecompany’sorganizationalculture:thevaluesystems,leadershipstructure,andpracticesofanorganization.Everything,fromthewayanemployeeinteractstotheircommunicationbehaviorsallshapethecultureofanorganization.___37___Thisisthereasonwhytheconceptofculturalfitissowidespreadtoday.Thehistoryofculturalfitgoesbacktothe1980s.Accordingtothearticle,GuessWhoDoesn’tFitInatWorkbyresearcherLaurenRivera,“Theoriginalideawasthatifcompanieshiredindividualswhosepersonalitiesandvalues(andnotjusttheirskills)wereinlinewithanorganization’sstrategy,workerswouldfeelmoreattachedtotheirjobs,workharderandstaylonger.”___38___Withtheevolvingresearchonthistopicinacademia,companiesalsohavebeguntodrawtheirowninterpretationsandstylesofhiring.___39___Asanemployer,youwouldwanttohiresomeonewhosharesthecompany’sgoals,andpriorities.Therefore,thestakes(风险)offindingaculturalfitareprettyhigh.Ifacompanydoesn’thaveagreatculturalfitwithitsemployees,itwilllikelyhavetroublewithleadershipanddisagreementswithintheorganizationaboutitsvalues.___40___A.Ofcourse,culturalfitisnotabsolutebutrelative.B.Itmaybreakanorganization’sefficiency,atitsworst.C.Culturalfitisbeneficialforbothemployeesandemployers.D.Manyfirmsfeltastrongconnectionwiththeideasinthisarticle.E.Animmoralpersoncanuntiewhatkeepenterprisecultureunited.F.Thatiswhysomepeoplefitintooneparticularworkingenvironment.G.In2007,acollectionofstudiesonculturalfitintheworkplacecameout.【答案】36.F37.E38.G39.C40.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要章介绍了公司文化作为包含员工、技术等要素的复杂生态系统，阐述了文化契合的概念内涵、历史起源、学术发展及其对员工行为适配性与组织稳定性的重要影响。【36题详析】上文“Acompany’scultureislikeanecosysteminvolvingacomplexnetwork,whichincludesemployees,andthetechnology,systems,etcwithwhichweneedtowork.Justlikethat,wehavevariationsofindividual’spersonalities,asbusinessculturecanvaryfromcompanytocompany.(一家公司的文化就像一个生态系统，涉及一个复杂的网络，其中包括员工，以及我们需要使用的技