《电子信息专业英语》（第3版） 课件Chapter 3 Electronic Circuits 电子电路

活页式教材微课版电子信息专业英语行业PPT模板/hangye/Chapter3ElectronicCircuits电子电路

教学目标3.1★放大器：掌握放大器用途、三极管放大器电路及功能、运算放大器性能参数及功能、运算放大器同相输入电路及反相输入电路。★通过放大器、电源供应器、数字电路三篇文章学习电子电路。3.2★电源供应器：掌握电源供应器组成，各部分的电路及功能。3.3★数字电路：掌握数字电路定义，与门、或门、非门、与非门、或非门、异或门、同或门等基本门电路符号和逻辑功能，逻辑表达式，真值表，触发器，计数器。

3.1

Lesson7

Amplifier

放大器NewWordsTechnicalTerms技术词汇continuousadj.连续的，持续的asopposedto与…截然相反；对照discreteadj.离散的，不连续的sinewave正弦波couplingn.耦合；结合，联结reversaln.逆转；反转；撤销packagen.封装；包裹；vt.打包derivev.起源；源于buildingblockn.构件；积木impedancen.阻抗TechnicalTerms技术词汇inputimpedance输入阻抗outputimpedance输出阻抗infiniteadj.无限的；无穷大的n.无穷大invertvt.使…反转；使…颠倒invertinginput反相输入non-invertinginput同相输入loopn.环；圈；vt.使成环openloop开环回路feedbackn.反馈closedloop闭合环路

3.1

Lesson7

Amplifier

放大器Electroniccircuitscanbedividedintotwogroups:analoganddigital.Analogcircuitsuseacontinuousrangeofvoltageasopposedtodiscretelevelsasindigitalcircuits.Goodexamplesofanalogcircuitsincludetransistoramplifiers,operationalamplifiers,oscillators,filters,andpowersuppliers.Amplifieristhedevicethatincreasesthecurrent,thevoltage,orthepowerofasignal.Transistorsarefrequentlyusedasamplifiers.Takealookatthecommonemittertransistoramplifierinfigure3-1.Theinputtotheamplifierisafewmillivoltssinewave.Itisintroducedintothecircuitbythecouplingcapacitorandisappliedbetweenthebaseandemitter.Theoutputvoltagefromtheamplifier,takenatthecollectorofQ[3],isthesamesinewavevoltagethatincreasedamplitude,buthas180degreesphasereversal.Wehavebuiltvoltageandcurrentamplifiersusingtransistors.Circuitsofthiskindwithniceproperties

(highgainandhighinputimpedance,forexample)

,packagedasintegratedcircuits

(ICs)

,arecalledoperationalamplifiersorop-amps.Op-ampnameisderivedbythefactthattheywereoriginallyusedtoperformmathematicaloperations.Todaytheop-amphasbecomeaninexpensiveandreadilyavailable‘buildingblock’formanycircuitapplications.Text

3.1

Lesson7

Amplifier

放大器Anop-amphasveryhighgain,veryhighinputimpedance,andverylowoutputimpedance.Anidealop-amphasinfinitegain

(

A=∞

)

,infiniteinputresistance

(

Rin=∞

)

,andzerooutputresistance

(

Rout=0

)

.Arealop-amphasagainontherange103-105

(

dependingonthetype

)

.Figure3-2showsthesymbolforanop-amp.Therearetwoinputs,theinvertinginputV-andthenon-invertinginputV+.Op-ampsrequiretwopowersuppliestooperate,supplyingapositivevoltageVs+andanegativevoltageVs-.Thoughdesignsvarybetweenproductsandmanufacturers,allop-ampshavebasicallythesameinternalstructure.Thebasicarchitectureofthe741isshowninfigure3-3.Becauseoftheirveryhighopenloopgain,op-ampsareusuallyconnectedwithfeedbacktoproduceaclosedloopoperation.Anop-ampcircuitcanbeconnectedwithaninvertingamplifierconfiguration

(Fig.3-4)

oranon-invertingamplifierconfiguration

(Fig.3-5)

.Thevoltagegainofaninvertingamplifierisgivenas:Vout=-Vin(Rf/Rin).Thevoltagegainofanon-invertingamplifierisgivenas:Vout=Vin(1+R2/R1).Text

3.1

Lesson7

Amplifier

放大器Figures

6Figure3-1TransistoramplifierFigure3-2Op-ampsymbolFigure3-5Non-invertingconfigurationFigure3-3Architectureofthe741op-ampFigure3-4Invertingconfiguration

3.1

Lesson7

Amplifier

放大器Ⅰ．Choosethebesttechnicaltermtocompletethefollowingstatements.Exercises1．Analogcircuitsinclude(),oscillators,filters,andpowersuppliers.A.voltage B.amplifier C.sinewave D.feedback2．()isthedevicethatprovidesamplification

(

theincreaseincurrent,voltage,orpowerofasignal

)

withoutappreciablyalteringtheoriginalsignal.A.analog B.digitalcircuit C.amplifier D.powersupplier3．Mostamplifierscanbeclassifiedinbytheirfunction.Iftheoutputsignalislargerinvoltageamplitudethantheinputsignal,theamplifierisa().Ifthereisnovoltagegain,buttheoutputpowerisgreaterthantheinputpower,theamplifierisa().A.voltageamplifier B.poweramplifier C.transistoramplifier D.operationalamplifier4．Inthecommon-emitteramplifiercircuit,thebaseterminalofthetransistorservesastheinput,thecollectoristheoutput,andthe()iscommontoboth.A.base A B.emitter C.collector D.substrate

3.1

Lesson7

Amplifier

放大器Ⅰ．Choosethebesttechnicaltermtocompletethefollowingstatements.Exercises5．Inanon-invertingamplifiercircuit,iftheop-amphasanopen-loopgainof200000,theinputvoltageVin=1.5volts,theinvertinginputresistorR1=10kilo-ohms，thefeedbackresistorR2=0ohms,thentheoutputvoltagecanbecalculatedbyusingtheformula.TheoutputvoltageVout=()volts.A.300000 B.0 C.1.5 D.unstable

3.1

Lesson7

Amplifier

放大器Ⅱ．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Exercises1．Abipolarjunctiontransistorconsistsofthreeregionsofdopedsemiconductors.Asmallcurrentinthecenterorbaseregioncanbeusedtocontrolalargercurrentflowingbetweentheendregions

(

emitterandcollector

)

.2．ThelargercollectorcurrentICisproportionaltothebasecurrentIBaccordingtotherelationshipIC=βIB,ormorepreciselyitisproportionaltothebase-emittervoltageVBE.Thesmallerbasecurrentcontrolsthelargercollectorcurrent,achievingcurrentamplification.3．Intheemitterfollowercircuitthecontrolsignalisappliedatthebase,buttheoutputistakenfromtheemitter.Theemitterfollowerhasunitgain,theemittervoltagepreciselyfollowsthebasevoltage.Theinputimpedanceishighandtheoutputimpedanceislow.4．Inmostpracticalapplicationsitisbettertouseanop-ampasasourceofgainratherthantobuildanamplifierfromdiscretetransistors.

3.1

Lesson7

Amplifier

放大器Ⅱ．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Exercises5．Theoperationalamplifierisverycheapespeciallykeepinginmindthefactthatitcontainsseveralhundredcomponents.Themostcommonop-ampisthe741anditisusedinmanycircuits.6．Thoughdesignsvarybetweenproductsandmanufacturers,allop-ampshavebasicallythesameinternalstructure,whichconsistsofthreestages:differentialamplifier,voltageamplifier,andoutputamplifier.7．Op-ampinputresistance:Thisistheresistancewithrespecttocircuitgroundandisoftenmanymega-ohms,especiallyiftheinputstageisbasedonfield-effecttransistors.8．Op-ampoutputresistance:Thisistheopenloopoutputresistanceandisofteninthe50to200ohmrangeatlowfrequenciesandtypicallyincreaseswithfrequency.9．Op-ampvoltagegain:Thevoltagegainofanop-ampatDCisaround1,000,000.Thisgainfallsasfrequencyrises,reachingunityatafrequencyknownasfT.Thisisknownasthegain-bandwidthproduct.

3.1

Lesson7

Amplifier

放大器Ⅱ．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Exercises10．Common-modevoltagegain（Common-ModeRejectionRatio）:CMRRisameasureofhowwelltheamplifierrejectscommon-modesignalsattheinputs.CMRRhastypicalspecsinthe60to100dBrange.11．Zerooffsetvoltage:Whenbothinputsaretiedtogether,theoutputoftheop-ampshouldbezero.However,duetotolerancesinmanufacturing,thisisrarelythecase.Offsetvoltageistheinputvoltagethatisrequiredtoachieveanoutputof0V,andistypicallyrangesfrom0.1to5mV.12．Outputslewrate:Slewratedictateshowquicklyanop-ampcanchangeoutputvoltage.Typicalvaluesrangefrom1to20V/usforaudioop-amps,muchhighernumbersareavailableforhigh-speedvideoop-amps.

3.2 Lesson8PowerSupply

电源供应器NewWordsTechnicalTerms技术词汇desiren.渴望；要求；v.要求；想要rectifiern.整流器filterv.过滤；n.滤波器regulatorn.稳压器；调整器blockdiagram框图；方块图step-downn.降低；减少；adj.下降的conductvi.导电cyclen.周期；循环；v.循环bridgerectifier桥式整流器TechnicalTerms技术词汇smoothadj.光滑的v.使光滑electrolyticadj.电解的electrolyticcapacitor电解电容器smoothadj.光滑的v.使光滑ripplen.波纹；vi.起波纹maintainvt.维持constantadj.不变的；n.常数amplituden.振幅；丰富fixedadj.固定的

3.2

Lesson8PowerSupply

电源供应器PowerSuppliesareelectroniccircuitsdesignedtoconvertAC

(AlternatingCurrent)

toDC

(DirectCurrent)

atanydesiredlevel.Apowersupplycanbebrokendownintoaseriesofblocks（Fig.3-6）:transformer,rectifier,filter,andvoltageregulator,eachofwhichperformsaparticularfunction.ThetransformercanconvertACelectricityfromonevoltagetoanotherwithlittlelossofpower.Mostpowersuppliesuseastep-downtransformertoreducethehighACmainsvoltage

(230Vor110V)

toasaferlowACvoltage

(Fig.3-7)

.TherectifierusestheabilityofadiodetoconductduringonehalfcycleofACtoconvertACtoDC.AsingledioderectifieronlyusesthepositivehalfpartoftheACwavetoproduceahalf-wavevaryingDC.Abridgerectifierusesfourdiodesconnectedinabridgenetworktoproduceafull-wavevaryingDCoutput

(Fig.3-8)

.FilteringisperformedbyalargevalueelectrolyticcapacitorconnectedacrosstheDCsupply,supplyingcurrenttotheoutputwhenthevaryingDCvoltagefromtherectifierisfalling.ThediagramFig.3-9showstheunsmoothedvaryingDC(dottedline)beforefilteringandthesmoothedDC(solidline)afterfiltering.Text

3.2

Lesson8PowerSupply

电源供应器ThecapacitorchargesquicklynearthepeakofthevaryingDC,andthendischargesasitsuppliescurrenttotheoutput,smoothstheDCfromvaryinggreatlytoasmallripple.VoltageregulatorsarecircuitsdesignedtomaintaintheDCoutputatconstantamplitude.VoltageregulatorICsareavailablewithfixed（typically5,12and15V）orvariableoutputvoltages.TheregulatedDCoutputisverysmoothwithnoripple（Fig.3-10）.Itissuitableforallelectroniccircuits.Text

3.2

Lesson8PowerSupply

电源供应器Figures

Figure3-6Blockdiagramofaregulatedpowersupplysystem

Figure3-7Transformeronly

Figure3-8Transformer+Rectifier

3.2

Lesson8PowerSupply

电源供应器Figures

Figure3-9FiltersmoothingFigure3-10Transformer+Rectifier+Filter+Regulator

3.2

Lesson8PowerSupply

电源供应器Ⅰ．Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse,andexplainyouranswers.Exercises1．Therearemanytypesofpowersupply.MostaredesignedtoconverthighvoltageACmainselectricitytoasuitablelowvoltagesupplyforelectronicscircuitsandotherdevices.2．Unregulatedpowersuppliescontainthreebasiccomponents:atransformer,rectifier,andfiltercapacitor.Thistypeofpowersupply,becauseofitssimplicity,istheleastcostly.Thedisadvantageisthattheoutputvoltageisnotconstant.3．ThetransformerreceivesontheprimarywindinganACvoltageanddeliversonthesecondarywindingadifferentDCvoltage

(

alowerone

)

.4．Thebridgerectifierisanarrangementoffourdiodesinabridgecircuitconfigurationtogiveafull-wavepulsatingDCoutput.Full-waverectifiersconductonbothhalvesoftheinputACcycles.5．Thefilter,formedbyoneormorecapacitors,smoothesthepreviouswaveeliminatingthealternatingcurrent

(

AC

)

componentdeliveredbytherectifier.6．VoltageregulatorsarecircuitsdesignedtomaintaintheoutputofpowersuppliesatconstantamplitudedespitevariationsoftheACsourcevoltageorchangesoftheresistanceoftheload.

3.2

Lesson8PowerSupply

电源供应器Ⅱ．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Exercises1．Powersuppliesforelectronicdevicescanbebroadlydividedintolinearregulatedandswitchingpowersupplies.Linearregulatedpowersupplieshaveverylittlerippleandverylittleoutputnoise.Aswitched-modesupplywillbesmaller,isusuallymoreefficient,butwillbemorecomplex.2．Thelinearregulatedsupplyisusuallyarelativelysimpledesign,butitbecomesincreasinglybulkyandheavyforhigh-currentequipmentduetotheneedforlargemains-frequencytransformersandheat-sinkedelectronicregulationcircuitry.3．Transformerswasteverylittlepowersothepoweroutisalmostequaltothepowerin.Theratioofthenumberofturnsoneachcoil,calledtheturnsratio,determinestheratioofthevoltages.4．VoltageregulatorICsareavailablewithfixed

(

typically5,12and15V

)

orvariableoutputvoltages.Negativevoltageregulatorsareavailable,mainlyforuseindualsupplies.

3.3

Lesson9DigitalCircuit

数字电路NewWordsTechnicalTerms技术词汇Flip-Flopn.触发器ANDn.与（逻辑运算）ORn.或（逻辑运算）NOTn.非（逻辑运算）NANDn.与非（逻辑运算）NORn.或非（逻辑运算）XORabbr.ExclusiveOR异或Exclusiveadj.排外的；独有的；专一的Exclusive-OR异或（逻辑运算）truthtable真值表combinationn.组合；结合；联合TechnicalTerms技术词汇complexadj.复杂的；n.综合设施sequentialadj.相继的；有顺序的sequentiallogic时序逻辑combinationallogic组合逻辑set-reset置位复位；置1置0togglen.切换；转换；扳钮开关edge-triggeredn.边沿触发risingedge上升沿enablevt.使能够；授予权利binaryadj.二进制的synchronousadj.同步的；同时的3.3

Lesson9DigitalCircuit

数字电路Digitalcircuitsareelectriccircuitsbasedontwodiscretevoltagelevelslabeled‘Low’(

0

)

and‘High’

(

1

).Often‘Low’willbenearzerovoltsand‘High’willbeatahigherleveldependingonthesupplyvoltageinuse.Computers,electronicclocks,andprogrammablelogiccontrollersareconstructedofdigitalcircuits.Typicaldigitalbuildingblocksarelogicgates,flip-flopsandcounters.1．LogicGateTherearesixbasiclogicgates:AND,OR,NOT,NAND,NOR,andXOR.Thesymbolsandfunctionsareshownintable3-1.TakeXORasanexample,thebasicoperationsofXOR

(

Exclusive-OR

)

gatearedescribedbelowwiththeaidofitstruthtable

(

Fig.3-11

)

.TheoutputofXORgateis0iftheinputsarethesame,but1iftheinputsaredifferent.Alogicgateisanelementarybuildingblockofadigitalcircuit.Usingcombinationsoflogicgates,complexoperationscanbeperformed.Text3.3

Lesson9DigitalCircuit

数字电路Text3.3

Lesson9DigitalCircuit

数字电路2．Flip-FlopTheFlip-flopisthebasicstorageelementinsequentiallogic

(

incontrasttocombinationallogic

)

.Flip-flopscanbefurtherdividedintotypes:theRS(set-reset),D(data),T(toggle),andJKtypes（Fig.3-12）.Thetruthtableshowninthefigure3-13summarizestheoperationsofthepositiveedge-triggeredDflip-flop.Ontherisingedgeoftheclocksignal,iftheblockisenabled,theoutputQisthesameastheinputD.3．CounterAcountercanbeimplementedquiteeasilyusingregister-typecircuitssuchastheflip-flop.Figure3-14showsanexampleofa4-bitbinarysynchronouscounter.Thecountercountsupwardsstartingfrom‘0000’untilitreachesanoutput‘1111’oneachrisingedgeoftheinputclocksignal.Text3.3

Lesson9DigitalCircuit

数字电路Figures

Figure3-13TruthtableofDflip-flop

Figure3-11TruthtableofXORgateFigure3-12SymbolofRS,D,JK,Tflip-flopsFigure3-14Binary4-bitsynchronouscounter3.3

Lesson9DigitalCircuit

数字电路Ⅰ．Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse,andexplainyouranswers.Exercises1．Comparingwithananalogsignalassumingacontinuousrangeofvalues，adigitalsignalassumesdiscretevalues,usuallytwopermittedvalues.2．Computersareconstructe