山西省晋中市2024-2025学年高三下学期4月质量检测英语试卷-1

2024～2025学年高三4月质量检测卷英语考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Studentandteacher.B.Classmates.C.Fellowworkers.2.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Callthepostmanimmediately.BFindalargeenvelopeforhim.C.Leavethepackageatthefrontdesk.3.Whatwillthespeakersdotogether?A.Attendaconcert.B.Goshopping.C.Returnthebooks.4.Whatisthewoman?A.Ataxidriver.B.Apassenger.C.Aputerdesigner.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Asoftware.B.AnEnglishcourse.C.Atextbook.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whogaveahandbagtotheman’ssister?A.Thewoman.B.Theman’scousin.C.Theman’smother.7.Whatwillthemanbuy?A.Awallet.B.Awatch.C.Ahandkerchief.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatdoesthewomanlikebestabouthernewschool?A.Theteachers.B.Theenvironment.C.Thefood.9.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthenewsubjectsatthenewschool?A.Challenging.B.Boring.C.Easy.听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10.WhatinspiredMr.Roberstontogoontheadventure?A.Atrainingcourse.B.Afriend’sencouragement.C.Anewsreport.11.Whatwasthebiggestdangerthecoupleencountered?A.Theiceholes.B.Theextremetemperature.C.Theloneliness.12.Whatcausedthefunnynoise?A.Thewind.B.Aplane.C.Thesatellitephone.13.Whatwasthesurprisegift?A.Cannedfood.B.Aboxofflowers.C.Freshfruitandvegetables.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whendidthewomanstarttolearnsurfing?A.OnWednesday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.15.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherbrother?A.Hewillpassthetest.B.Heisimpatient.C.Heisagoodinstructor.16.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Teachhertosurf.B.Meethertomorrow.C.Buyheranewsurfboard.17.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherfirstsurfinglesson?A.Itisexciting.B.Itisrewarding.C.Itisdiscouraging.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatmakesthespeakerafrequentvisitortoteahouses?A.Thetea.B.Theatmosphere.C.Thesnacks.19.Whydidthespeakergotoateahouse?A.Tohaveaparty.B.Toenjoytheperformances.C.Totalkaboutbusiness.20.Whatdoesthepeacekeeperusuallydo?A.Buysunflowerseedsforhisguests.B.Taketheangrypeopletoateahouse.C.Callthepolicemenoutsidetheteahouse.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADeepSeekhasshockedtheAIworldwithclaimsthatitslatestAImodel,R1,outperformsmostexistingleadingmodelsintheworld,despiteusinglessadvancedputerchips.However,it’sjustoneoftheChinesepaniesworkingonAL.Here’saquicklookatotherleadingAImodelsinChina:ErnieBotErnieBot,developedbyBaidu,China’sdominantsearchengine,isthefirstAIchatbotmadepubliclyavailableinChina.Currently,ithas340millionusers.SimilartoOpenAI’sChatGPT,usersofErnieBotcanaskitquestionsandhaveitgenerateimagesbasedontextinstructions.Doubao1.5ProByteDance’sDoubao1.5ProisoneofthemostpopularAIchatbotsinChina,with60millionmonthlyactiveusers.AccordingtoByteDance,Doubao1.5ProisbetterthanOpenAI’sChatGPT4oatretainingknowledge,coding,reasoning,andChineselanguageprocessing.ThemodelalsorequireslowerhardwarecostsparedtootherlargelanguagemodelsbecauseDoubaousesahighlyimprovedarchitecturethatbalancesperformancewithreducedputingpower.Kimik1.5AlthoughMoonshotAI’srecentlyreleasedKimik1.5spendsmoretimethinkingbeforeitrespondsitisverygoodatanalyzingverylongtextsandcansolveextremelyplexproblems.MoonshotclaimsthatKimik1.5outperformsOpenAI’sChatGPTolinmathematics,coding,andtheabilitytoprehendbothtextandvisualinputssuchasphotosandvideos.Qwen2.51MQwen2.51MisAlibabaCloud’sopensourceseries.Itcontainslargelanguagemodelsthatcaneasilyhandleextremelylongtexts,andengageinlongeranddeeperconversations.Ithasmostlybeentargetedatdevelopersandbusinesscustomers,suchasautomakers,banksandvideogamecreators,aspartofproductdevelopmentandshapingcustomerexperiences.1.WhichistheearliestAImodelavailabletothepublicinChina?A.DeepSeekR1. B.ErnieBot.C.Doubao1.5Pro. D.Kimik1.5.2.paredwithDoubao1.5Pro,ChatGPT4o______.A.consumeslessenergy B.canprocessChinesetextsbetterC.outperformsinreasoning D.requiresmoreputingpower3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutQwen2.51M?A.ItiscreatedbyMoonshot. B.Itneedstextandvisualinputs.C.ItmightbefasterthanKimik1.5. D.Itistargetedatthegeneralpublic.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是中国领先的AI模型。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据ErnieBot部分“ErnieBot,developedbyBaidu,China’sdominantsearchengine,isthefirstAIchatbotmadepubliclyavailableinChina.Currently,ithas340millionusers.(文心一言由百度（中国领先的搜索引擎公司）开发，是中国首个向公众开放的人工智能聊天机器人。)”可知，ErnieBot是最早向公众开放的人工智能模型。故选B。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Doubao1.5Pro部分“AccordingtoByteDance,Doubao1.5ProisbetterthanOpenAI’sChatGPT4oatretainingknowledge,coding,reasoning,andChineselanguageprocessing.ThemodelalsorequireslowerhardwarecostsparedtootherlargelanguagemodelsbecauseDoubaousesahighlyimprovedarchitecturethatbalancesperformancewithreducedputingpower.(据字节跳动称，豆包1.5Pro在知识记忆、编程、推理和中文语言处理方面优于OpenAI的ChatGPT4o。该模型所需的硬件成本也低于其他大型语言模型，因为豆包采用了一种高度优化的架构，在性能和降低计算功耗之间取得了平衡。)”可知，与豆包1.5Pro相比，ChatGPT4o需要更多的计算能力。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据Kimik1.5部分的“AlthoughMoonshotAI’srecentlyreleasedKimik1.5spendsmoretimethinkingbeforeitresponds,itisverygoodatanalyzingverylongtextsandcansolveextremelyplexproblems.(尽管MoonshotAI最近发布的Kimik1.5在回应之前需要更多思考时间，但它在分析超长文本和解决极其复杂问题方面表现出色。)”和Qwen2.51M部分“Itcontainslargelanguagemodelsthatcaneasilyhandleextremelylongtexts,andengageinlongeranddeeperconversations.(它包含能够轻松处理超长文本并进行更长、更深层次对话的大型语言模型。)”可知，Qwen2.51M可能比Kimik1.5更快。故选C。BHere’swhatIremember:Thedayithappened,Iwasaround8yearsold.ItwasdefinitelyaSundaybecauseweneverwentanywhereonSaturdays.Onthatday,mydaddecidedtotakemetotheMuseumofModernArttoseesomepaintings.Aswewerewalkinginabigroom,somethingonthewallgrabbedmyeyes.Itwasawoodlandscene,withsomecolorfulrocksintheforegroundandtalltreesbranchingintoabluesky.Ithadnopeopleoranythingextraordinaryinit.Butwithaforce,italmostpulledmetoit.AsImovedcloser,ittighteneditsgripandIcouldbarelymove.Nothinglikethathadeverhappenedtome.WonderingwhereI’dgone,mydadturnedaroundandfoundmestandingafewfeetfromtheimage.Whenhecameupbehindme,Iaskedhim,“Whatisthis?”Andhe,withoutlookingforalabel,answered,“ThisisaCezanne.”Cezanneisknowntoproducelittleworldsthatalmostlosetheirbalance,butsomehowholdthemselvestogether,creatingbeauty,tensionanddangerallatonce.ButIknewnothingaboutpaintingorarthistorythen.Tothisday,Icannotexplainwhythecrazypaintingcouldappealtoan8yearold.Thefactthatitkepthappening—keepshappening,allthese60yearssince—isoneofthemysteriesofmylife.AllIcanthinkisthatwearebornwithasortofmoodinus.Deepdown,itkeepslookingforsomeonetoshareitselfwith.Whenweeacrosstherightmusician,or,inthiscase,therightartist,thenwearepulledintoaconversationwe’veapparentlybeenlongingtohave.Andthat’swhathappenedtomethatday.WhenIleftthemuseum,IfeltlikeIhadapersonaltalkwithanartistwhohadalreadybeendeadfor50years.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph1referto?A.AsearchforCezanne’spainting. B.Adecisiontostayhomethatday.C.A“conversation”withadeadartist. D.AtriptotheMuseumofModernArt.5.Whatdidthelittleboythinkofthepainting?A.Amazing. B.Stupid. C.Boring. D.Funny.6.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinparagraph6?A.Mostofusfeellonelyintheworld. B.Anyonecanfindfortinniceartworks.C.Artisanecessityforhumanbeings. D.Humanbeingsarebornwithatasteforart.7.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anovel. B.Abiography.C.Asciencereport. D.Anartworkreview.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者8岁时与父亲参观现代艺术博物馆，被一幅塞尚的森林景色画深深吸引的经历。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Here’swhatIremember:Theday

ithappened,Iwasaround8yearsold.(我记得：it发生的那天，我大约8岁。)”“Aswewerewalkinginabigroom,somethingonthewallgrabbedmyeyes.(当我们走进一个大房间时，墙上的什么东西吸引了我的目光。)”和最后一段“Andthat’swhathappenedtomethatday.WhenIleftthemuseum,IfeltlikeIhadapersonaltalkwithanartistwhohadalreadybeendeadfor50years.(这就是那天发生在我身上的事。当我离开博物馆的时候，我觉得我和一位已经去世50年的艺术家进行了一次私人谈话。)”可知，第1段中划线的“it”指的是与一位已故艺术家的“对话”。故选C。5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Butwithaforce,italmostpulledmetoit.AsImovedcloser,ittighteneditsgripandIcouldbarelymove.(但有一种力量，它几乎把我拉向它。我越靠近，它就越抓得紧，我几乎动弹不得。)”和第五段“Tothisday,Icannotexplainwhythecrazypaintingcouldappealtoan8yearold.Thefactthatitkepthappening—keepshappening,allthese60yearssince—isoneofthemysteriesofmylife.(直到今天，我都无法解释为什么这幅疯狂的画会吸引一个8岁的孩子。60年来，这种事情一直在发生，一直在发生，这是我生命中的一个谜。)”可知，小男孩认为这幅画是不可思议的。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“AllIcanthinkisthatwearebornwithasortofmoodinus.Deepdown,itkeepslookingforsomeonetoshareitselfwith.Whenweeacrosstherightmusician,or,inthiscase,therightartist,thenwearepulledintoaconversationwe’veapparentlybeenlongingtohave.(我所能想到的是，我们生来就有一种情绪。在内心深处，它一直在寻找与之分享的人。当我们遇到合适的音乐家，或者在这种情况下，合适的艺术家时，我们就会陷入一场我们显然渴望的对话中。)”可知，作者认为人类天生具有对艺术的感知力，可得出作者在第6段表明人类天生具有艺术鉴赏力。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Here’swhatIremember:Thedayithappened,Iwasaround8yearsold.ItwasdefinitelyaSundaybecauseweneverwentanywhereonSaturdays.Onthatday,mydaddecidedtotakemetotheMuseumofModernArttoseesomepaintings.Aswewerewalkinginabigroom,somethingonthewallgrabbedmyeyes.(这是我记得的：事情发生的那天，我大约8岁。那绝对是一个星期天，因为我们从来没有在星期六去任何地方。那天，爸爸决定带我去现代艺术博物馆看一些画。当我们走进一个大房间时，墙上的什么东西吸引了我的目光。)”可知，作者主要讲了自己小时候去美术馆的一次经历，因此可能来自于自传，故选B。CAbout62mtonnesofelectricalitems,rangingfromputerstomobilephones,wereabandonedgloballyin2022.Typically,theseelectricalwastesareeitherburntortreatedwithchemicals,likestrongacids,torecovermetals.Astheseprocessesproducehugeamountsofgreenhousegasesandhavepoisonousbyproductsthataredifficulttoclearup,paniesaredevelopinganumberofcleanerrecyclingmethods.Oneofthemostpromisingapproachesturnstobacteriaforhelp.Bioleaching,asthisprocessiscalled,isanoldidea:morethan2,000yearsago,thewaterincoppermineswasnoticedtoturnblue.Itwasnotuntilthe1950s,though,afterbacteriawerefoundtoberesponsibleforthephenomenon,thattheprocesswasmercializedtorecoverleftovermaterialintheliquid.Whenusedoutdoors,theprocess,thougheffective,cantakemonthsandisnotveryefficient.Containedwithinamodernprocessingplant,however,bioleachingcanbespedup.Thetrick,accordingtoBioscopeTechnologies,anurbanminingpanybuildingabioleachingplantinCambridge,England,istokeepthebacteriaintheirpreferredconditionsthatincludeacarefullycontrolledacidicenvironment,awarmtemperaturebelow50℃andagoodsupplyofoxygenintheirbreedingtanks.Oncethesebacteriaaremixedwiththecrushedelectricalitemsinareactor,theydigestthemetalswithinadayortwo.Havingdonetheirstuff,thebacteriaaremovedtoanotherbreedingtankbeforebeingusedagain.Theresultingliquidisthentreatedinanumberofwaystorecoverthemetals.Goldquicklysinkstothebottomwiththeadditionofalittlewater.Anelectriccurrentpassedthroughtheliquidrecoverscopperinamannersimilartoelectroplating.Theprocessiscapableofrecoveringalmostallofthegold,silver,copperandpalladiumfromthecrushedelectricalitems,althoughtheexactamountdependsonthetypeoftheitemsbeingrecycled.PCBsfromserversandtelesequipmenttendtocontainthemostpreciousmetals,householdapplianceslessso.Therecoveredgoldandothermetalsarepureenoughtobeusedagaininelectronics.8.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thedevelopmentofbioleaching. B.Problemswithtraditionalmethods.C.Varietiesofrecyclingapproaches. D.Theaccidentaldiscoveryofbacteria.9.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpspeedupbioleaching?A.Keepingthetemperatureconstant. B.Leavingthebreedingtankoutdoors.C.Puttingmoreoxygeninthereactor. D.Creatingaveryacidicenvironment.10.Duringbioleaching,theelectroplatinglikemethodisusedtorecover______.A.gold B.silver C.palladium D.copper11.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.PCBscontainthemostpreciousmetals. B.Therecoveredmetalscanbeverypure.C.Differentitemsshouldbeseparatedfirst. D.Householdappliancesshouldnotberecycled.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了全球存在大量废弃的电子物品，传统处理电子垃圾的方法会产生大量温室气体和难以清理的有毒副产品，因此公司正在开发更清洁的回收方法，其中生物浸出法是一种有前景的方法，介绍了其历史、加速方式以及金属回收等相关内容。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Bioleaching,asthisprocessiscalled,isanoldidea:morethan2,000yearsago,thewaterincoppermineswasnoticedtoturnblue.Itwasnotuntilthe1950s,though,afterbacteriawerefoundtoberesponsibleforthephenomenon,thattheprocesswasmercializedtorecoverleftovermaterialintheliquid.(生物浸出，这个过程被这样称呼，是一个古老的想法：两千多年前，人们注意到铜矿里的水变成了蓝色。然而，直到20世纪50年代，在发现细菌是造成这种现象的原因之后，这个过程才被商业化，用于回收液体中的剩余物质。)”可知，该段主要讲述了生物浸出法从古代被发现到20世纪50年代实现商业化的发展历程。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Containedwithinamodernprocessingplant,however,bioleachingcanbespedup.TThetrick,accordingtoBioscopeTechnologies,anurbanminingpanybuildingabioleachingplantinCambridge,England,istokeepthebacteriaintheirpreferredconditionsthatincludeacarefullycontrolledacidicenvironment,awarmtemperaturebelow50℃andagoodsupplyofoxygenintheirbreedingtanks.(然而，在现代化的加工厂中，生物浸出可以加快速度。据在英国剑桥建造生物浸出工厂的城市矿业公司BioscopeTechnologies称，诀窍是将细菌保持在它们适宜的条件下，包括精心控制的酸性环境、低于50℃的温暖温度以及它们的繁殖罐中有充足的氧气供应。)”可知，在反应器中放入更多氧气有助于加速生物浸出。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Anelectriccurrentpassedthroughtheliquidrecoverscopperinamannersimilartoelectroplating.(通过液体的电流以类似于电镀的方式回收铜。)”可知，在生物浸出过程中，类似电镀的方法用于回收铜。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therecoveredgoldandothermetalsarepureenoughtobeusedagaininelectronics.(回收的金和其他金属纯度足够高，可以再次用于电子设备中。)”可知，回收的金属可以非常纯。故选B。DInarecentarticle,MarkhamHeidshareswithusanunusuallifecrisis.At41,hehasbuiltwhatmanywouldregardasthegoodlife:hehasafamily;heishealthyandhasagoodjob;hehastimetotravel,read,exercise,andseefriends.Yet,hefeelsthatsomethingismissing.WhatmakesHeid’sproblemsomewhatoddisthatitdoesnotseemtorelatetoanythingspecific.Ifhehadlosthisjob,hadnotimeforhimself,orwasstrugglinginhismarriage,thefeelingwouldbeunderstandable.Heendsupattributinghiscrisistothelackofnewexperiences.Inthehistoryofphilosophy,therehavebeenmanyattemptstounderstandsuchapowerfulbutobjectlessfeeling.Boredom,anxiety,depressionanddespairaresomeofthedescriptionsthismoodhasreceived.TheDanishphilosopherSorenKierkegaardcallsitthe“illusionofcroprotation”,theideathatchangingtheenvironmentfrequentlycansaveusfromthismood.Butwhatreallydrivesthismoodisnottheneedfornewexperiences.Itisnoteventheparticularsofourindividuallivesorthecultureswebelongto,butthatwehavebeengivenalifetoliveinthefirstplace,thetasteofpossibilitythateswithbeingalive.Thismoodisnotduetodoubtslike“DoIhaveenoughhobbies?”or“HaveIachievedmygoal?”Itisrelatedtothemorefundamentalquestionslike“Whatdoesitmeantobehuman?”“WhatamIsupposedtodowiththefactthatIwasgivenalife?”and“Whatkindoflifeispossibleforme?”Thisiswhythismoodislikelytoappearfrequentlyinourlife.Thesequestionsneverhaveafinalanswerandtheycanalwaysleaveuswithagreatsenseofagonyaboutwhoweareandhowweshouldgoon.Recognizingthatthesedoubtsarethere,andthattheymatter,canatleastallowustoknowwhatmaybemissing,evenwheneverythingisgood.12.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMarkhamHeid’scrisis?A.Itiscausedbyuncertaintiesinlife. B.Itisapowerfulbutobjectlessmood.C.Ithasmanydifferentandoddnames. D.Itoccurstypicallytomiddleagedmen.13.WhatdoesSorenKierkegaardmostlikelysuggestMarkhamHeiddo?A.Talktooldfriends. B.Doexerciseeveryday.C.Studyphilosophy. D.Gotravellingfrequently.14.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheunusualfeeling?A.Itisanaturalpartofbeinghuman. B.Itiscloselyrelatedtosomecultures.C.Itisdeterminedbyourpersonalities. D.Itismainlydrivenbyourdesireforfun.15.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“agony”inthelastparagraph?A.Achievement. B.Relief. C.Pain. D.Direction.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文结合了个人经历（MarkhamHeid的生活危机）和哲学观点（如SorenKierkegaard的理论）来探讨一种普遍存在的、无具体对象的空虚感或存在焦虑。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inthehistoryofphilosophy,therehavebeenmanyattemptstounderstandsuchapowerfulbutobjectlessfeeling.(在哲学史上，人们曾多次试图理解这种强烈但无对象的感觉)”可知，MarkhamHeid的危机是一种强大而无目的的感觉。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“TheDanishphilosopherSorenKierkegaardcallsitthe‘illusionofcroprotation’,theideathatchangingtheenvironmentfrequentlycansaveusfromthismood.(丹麦哲学家SorenKierkegaard称之为“轮作幻觉”，即经常改变环境可以让我们摆脱这种情绪)”可知，SorenKierkegaard可能会建议MarkhamHeid经常旅行来改变环境。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thismoodisrelatedtothemorefundamentalquestionslike‘Whatdoesitmeantobehuman?’‘WhatamIsupposedtodowiththefactthatIwasgivenalife?’and‘Whatkindoflifeispossibleforme?’Thisiswhythismoodislikelytoappearfrequentlyinourlife.(这种情绪与更根本的问题有关，比如“作为人类意味着什么？”“我应该如何对待被赋予的生命？”以及“对我来说，什么样的生活是可能的？”这就是为什么这种情绪可能会在我们的生活中频繁出现)”可知，作者认为这种不寻常的感觉是人类天性的一部分。故选A。【15题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Thesequestionsneverhaveafinalanswerandtheycanalwaysleaveuswithagreatsenseofagonyaboutwhoweareandhowweshouldgoon.(这些问题永远没有最终答案，它们总是让我们对自己是谁以及应该如何继续生活感到非常agony。)”以及根据“Boredom,anxiety,depressionanddespairaresomeofthedescriptionsthismoodhasreceived(无聊、焦虑、抑郁和绝望是对这种情绪的一些描述)”可知，此处描述的是这些问题给人带来的负面感受，所以它们总是让我们对自己是谁以及应该如何继续生活感到非常痛苦。与C选项“Pain”同义。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Longtimesittingisnotjustbadforourwaistlines—it’shurtingourmentalhealth.Thegoodnewsisthatsomethingassimpleassomeveryshortandlightmovementcanmakeadifference.However,manyofustendtothinkthatifwedon’tgettwohoursaday,thenitdoesn’tcount,orit’snotgoodenough.“___16___.”saysMollyMcDonald,acertifiedpersonaltrainer.“Inreality,goingfromnoactivityatalltoevenalittlebitofactivityisgoingtogetsomeofthebiggesthealtheffects.”___17___.Thatincludesknowingwhat’snotrealisticforus.“Soifyouhaterunning,don’trunjustbecausesomeonetellsyouit’sgoodforyou.___18___.”saysMcDonald.“Therearealotofoptions.”Ifit’shardtoputasidehoursinadaytowalkordoanyotherexercise,trytospendjustfiveminuteseveryhouronexercising.___19___.Healthguidelinesremendatleast150minutesofmoderateexerciseeveryweek.Andthose40minutedailyactivitieswillhelpaddtotheweeklygoal.Lightmovementisagreatstart.Buteveryminuteofhigherintensity(强度)activityisassociatedwithbetterhealthoutesthaneveryminuteoflowerintensityactivity.___20___.A.LightmovementisbetterthannoneB.Weshouldabandonthis‘allornothing’thinkingC.Ifweworkeighthourseachday,itaddsupto40minutesadayD.WhenwearedevelopinganexerciseplanweshouldknowourselvesE.Thinkofplaceswhichwouldmakeitmorelikelythatyou’llsticktotheplanF.Orifyou’renotamorningperson,thendon’tplantoexerciseinthemorningG.Soifwe’vegotfiveminutes,themorewecandointhosefiveminutes,thebetter【答案】16.B17.D18.F19.C20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个利用碎片时间进行锻炼的方法。【16题详解】根据前文“However,manyofustendtothinkthatifwedon’tgettwohoursaday,thenitdoesn’tcount,orit’snotgoodenough.(然而，我们很多人倾向于认为，如果我们一天没有进行两个小时的运动，那么就不算数，或者认为这样不够好)”以及后文“Inreality,goingfromnoactivityatalltoevenalittlebitofactivityisgoingtogetsomeofthebiggesthealtheffects.(实际上，从根本不运动到哪怕有一点点运动，都会带来一些很大的健康益处)”可知，选项承上启下说明这里是要改变那种“要么全做要么不做”的想法。B选项“我们应该摒弃这种‘非此即彼’的思维方式”符合语境，故选B。【17题详解】根据后文“Thatincludesknowingwhat’snotrealisticforus.(这包括了解对我们来说不现实的事情)”可知，选项承接下文说明制定运动计划时要了解自己的实际情况。D选项“当我们制定运动计划时，我们应该了解自己”符合语境，“knowingwhat’snotrealisticforus”是对“knowourselves”的进一步说明，故选D。【18题详解】根据前文“Soifyouhaterunning,don’trunjustbecausesomeonetellsyouit’sgoodforyou.(以如果你讨厌跑步，不要仅仅因为有人告诉你跑步对你有好处就去跑)”可知，这里是在举例说明要根据自己的实际情况选择运动方式和时间。F选项“或者如果你不是一个早起的人，那么就不要计划在早上锻炼)与前文为并列关系，也是在说根据自身特点来决定运动相关事宜，故选F。【19题详解】根据前文“Ifit’shardtoputasidehoursinadaytowalkordoanyotherexercise,trytospendjustfiveminuteseveryhouronexercising.(如果很难在一天中抽出几个小时来散步或做任何其他运动，试着每小时花五分钟进行锻炼)”以及后文“Andthose40minutedailyactivitieswillhelpaddtotheweeklygoal.(而那些每天40分钟的活动将有助于实现每周的目标)”可知，选项承接上下文说明的是能达到的锻炼的总时间。C选项“如果我们每天工作八小时，那么一天就累计达到40分钟”符合语境。故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Lightmovementisagreatstart.Buteveryminuteofhigherintensity(强度)activityisassociatedwithbetterhealthoutesthaneveryminuteoflowerintensityactivity.(轻度运动是一个很好的开始。但是高强度活动的每一分钟都比低强度活动的每一分钟带来更好的健康效果。)”可知，这里强调了在有限时间内，高强度运动的好处。G选项“所以如果我们有五分钟时间，在这五分钟里我们能做的越多越好”符合语境，进一步说明了在有限时间内增加运动强度的益处，故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whenweencounteraproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm,withthehopetomaximizecollectiveintelligence.However,manygoodideasarelostwhilefeware___21___atsuchkindofmeetings.Inaninterview,psychologistAnitaWoolleyexplainedwhythis___22___doesnotwork.“The___23___isn’tthebrainstormingsessionsthemselves.It’showwe___24___them,”saidAnitaWoolley.“Thinkaboutthebrainstormingsessionsyou’veattended.You’veprobablyseenpeople___25___theirtonguesbecausemanyofthemdon’twanttolookstupidortheyareunderpressuretofollowthemost___26___people.”To___27___thehiddenpotentialinteams,insteadofbrainstorming,Woolleyremendedaprocesscalledbrainwriting.Itstartsbyaskingeveryonetogenerateideas___28___.Thentheorganizer___29___theideasamongthegroupwithoutmentioningwhohavewrittenthem.Topreserveindependentjudgment,eachmember___30___themontheirown.Onlythendoestheteametogetherto___31___themostpromisingoptions.“Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity,”Woolleyadded.“Thebrainwritingprocessmakessurethatallideasarebroughttothetableandall___32___arebroughtintotheconversation.”Butitshouldn’t___33___there.Individualseupwithmore___34___ideasthangroupsbutalsomoreterribleideasthangroups.Ittakescollectiveintelligenceto___35___them.21.A.tested B.gained C.discouraged D.lost22.A.plan B.machine C.program D.method23.A.problem B.interest C.cost D.solution24.A.see B.avoid C.run D.forget25.A.bite B.brush C.check D.hurt26.A.humorous B.powerful C.attractive D.responsible27.A.ignore B.assess C.unearth D.prove28.A.fluently B.bravely C.carefully D.separately29.A.stops B.shares C.criticizes D.accepts30.A.evaluates B.interviews C.weles D.thanks31.A.referto B.makeup C.adaptto D.focuson32.A.friends B.mistakes C.voices D.women33.A.go B.end C.meet D.admit34.A.funny B.formal C.realistic D.brilliant35.A.identify B.sign C.defeat D.blame【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.A26.B27.C28.D29.B30.A31.D32.C33.B34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了头脑风暴会议在激发集体智慧方面的局限性，并介绍了一种名为“书面头脑风暴”的替代方法。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在这样的会议上，许多好主意都失去了，而得到的却很少。A.tested测试；B.gained得到；C.discouraged使受挫；D.lost丢失。根据上文“manygoodideasarelost”可知，能得到的很少，空格处意为“得到”。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次采访中，心理学家AnitaWoolley解释了为什么这种方法不起作用。A.plan计划；B.machine机器；C.program程序；D.method方法。根据第一段“weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm”可知，第一段提到了一种方法，此处表示AnitaWoolley解释为什么这种方法不起作用。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题不在于头脑风暴会议本身。A.problem问题；B.interest兴趣；C.cost成本；D.solution解决办法。根据上文“AnitaWoolleyexplainedwhythismethoddoesnotwork”可知，此处表示问题不在于头脑风暴会议本身。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这在于我们进行会议的方式。A.see看见；B.avoid避免；C.run运行，进行；D.forget忘记。根据上文“thebrainstormingsessions”可知，问题在于我们进行会议的方式，空格处用“进行”。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能会看到人们忍住不说话，因为他们中的许多人不想显得愚蠢，或者他们迫于压力而跟随最有权势的人。A.bite咬；B.brush刷；C.check检查；D.hurt伤害。根据下文“becausemanyofthemdon’twanttolookstupidortheyareunderpressure”可知，你可能会看到人们住不说话。固定搭配biteone’stongue表示忍住不说。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能会看到人们忍住不说话，因为他们中的许多人不想显得愚蠢，或者他们迫于压力而跟随最有权势的人。A.humorous幽默的；B.powerful强大的；C.attractive有吸引力的；D.responsible负责的。根据上文“manyofthemdon’twanttolookstupidortheyareunderpressuretofollowthemost”可知，那些人迫于压力而跟随最有权势的人。故选B。27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，伍利推荐了一种叫做“书面头脑风暴”的方法，而不是头脑风暴。A.ignore忽视；B.assess评估；C.unearth发掘；D.prove证明。根据下文“thehiddenpotentialinteams”可知，此处是指挖掘潜力。故选C。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：首先要求每个人分别产生想法。A.fluently流利地；B.bravely勇敢地；C.carefully仔细地；D.separately分别地。根据下文“Topreserveindependentjudgment”可知，每个人分别产生想法。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后组织者在小组中分享这些想法，而不提及是谁写的。A.stops停止；B.shares分享；C.criticizes批评；D.accepts接受。根据下文“theideasamongthegroupwithoutmentioningwhohavewrittenthem”可知，此处是指分享每个人的想法。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为保持独立判断，每位成员自行对这些想法进行评估。A.evaluates评估；B.interviews采访；C.weles欢迎；D.thanks感谢。根据上文“Topreserveindependentjudgmen”以及下文“themontheirown”可知，每个成员自己评估这些想法。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：只有这样，团队才会聚集在一起，专注于最有希望的选择。A.referto提到；B.makeup编造；C.adaptto适应；D.focuson专注于。根据下文“themostpromisingoptions”可知，团队聚集在一起，专注于最有希望的选择。故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：书面头脑风暴的过程确保了所有的想法都被提上了台面，所有的声音都被纳入了对话。A.friends朋友；B.mistakes错误；C.voices声音；D.women女人。根据上文“Thebrainwritingprocessmakessurethatallideasarebroughttothetable”可知，所有的想法都被提上台面，所有的声音都被纳入对话。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但它不应该就此结束。A.go去；B.end结束；C.meet见面；D.admit承认。根据下文“butalsomoreterribleideasthangroups”可知，这个过程不应该就这